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We aimed to investigate the separate and combined impacts of being born VP and\/or VLBW on health-related quality of life in early and mid-adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from the Dutch Project on Preterm and Small-for-gestational-age infants (POPS), a national prospective cohort of individuals born in 1983. Participants were categorized into three groups: (1) VP &amp; VLBW, (2) VP-only, and (3) VLBW-only. We used the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 at ages 19 and 28, and the Short Form 6-Dimension at age 35 to assess multi-attribute utility (MAU) scores and domain-level functioning. Adjusted linear regression models were used, controlling for covariates and employing inverse probability weighting to account for attrition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall MAU scores did not consistently differ between the exposure groups and the VP &amp; VLBW reference group at any time point. However, specific domain-level differences emerged in early adulthood. At 19\u00a0years, the VLBW-only group reported significantly better speech functioning (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.11, p\u2009=\u20090.01). At 28\u00a0years, the VP-only group had better hearing (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.05, p\u2009=\u20090.04), while the VLBW-only group had worse ambulation (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.12, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). By 35\u00a0years, these inter-group differences were no longer statistically significant. Female sex was a consistent predictor of poorer outcomes in several domains by age 35. Attrition-weighted models produced nearly identical results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VP and VLBW are not interchangeable risk categories. While overall HRQoL scores converged by mid-adulthood, distinct domain-specific and sex-based disparities were evident earlier in life. Our findings highlight the need for tailored interventions over a homogenous approach. Future research with consistent measures is required to confirm if this convergence persists over the life course.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-025-04024-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T09:00:05Z","timestamp":1757754005000},"page":"3511-3523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The impact of very preterm vs very low birth weight on early and mid-adulthood preference-based HRQoL outcomes: findings from the Dutch study on preterm and small for gestational age infants"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5782-1844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corneliu","family":"Bolbocean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"van Dommelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"O\u2019Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"van der Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"4024_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08167","volume":"68","author":"P Hovi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hovi, P., Vohr, B., Ment, L. 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