{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T02:42:45Z","timestamp":1788316965451,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["U01NS114312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01NS114312"]}]},{"name":"International Foundation of CDKL5 Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020265","name":"Stan Perron Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health Career Development Award","award":["1K23HD115865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K23HD115865"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001801","name":"University of Western Australia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Qual Life Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a rare developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Greater understanding of the smallest meaningful improvements for individuals with CDD in clinical trials and practice is needed for a person-centred approach to treatment efficacy. This study explored how parent\/caregivers of people with CDD understood meaningful improvements and described change for priority functional domains including communication, gross motor, fine motor, feeding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study included an in-person workshop and a convergent mixed-methods online survey. Parent\/caregivers (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919) attending the 6th Family Educational and Awareness Conference for CDD participated in discussion groups for the workshop component. The survey (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200980) collected descriptive data and open-ended responses. Qualitative data were stratified by ability levels and analysed using a conventional content analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Definitions of meaningful improvement varied in terms of desired speed and magnitude of change and included health and skill stability. Parent\/caregivers described meaningful increases in developmental skills that were specific to each domain and level of ability. Some concepts were common across ability levels within domains (e.g., increased independence across all gross motor levels) and others were consistent across domains (e.g., improved utensil use in fine motor and feeding domains).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Meaningful improvement means different things to different people with some factors consistent regardless of ability level suggesting important underlying concepts for measurement requiring future investigation. These findings can contribute to the development of clinical treatments and trials that focus on factors that are important to people with CDD and their families.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-025-04048-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T15:01:16Z","timestamp":1757430076000},"page":"3609-3620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Parent\/caregiver perspectives of meaningful improvement in functional domains for people with CDKL5 deficiency disorder: a mixed-methods study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9613-4713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Keeley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9288-0979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoe","family":"Skoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Utley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3264-0902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric D.","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3274-0292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabrielle A.","family":"Conecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2704-5044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"JayEtta","family":"Hecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8934-7267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha N.","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6405-5834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4638-6589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacinta","family":"Saldaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5092-7697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Jacoby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Pincus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6969-5061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim A.","family":"Benke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4544-3724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott T.","family":"Demarest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7358-9037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny","family":"Downs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"4048_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17547","volume":"64","author":"KL Oliver","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oliver, K. 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EM: Site PI for industry sponsored trials of SK Life, Takeda, Epygenix, Ionis, UCB pharma (Zogenix), and Acadia Pharmaceuticals. Grant funding from NIH, State of Pennsylvania and IRSF, RSRT, and LouLou foundation. Consulting\/Advisory Board member for Acadia Pharmacueticals, Stoke, and Taysha therapeutics. HL: Consultancy for Marinus, Acadia, Avexis, Orion, Neurogene and Taysha. Clinical Trials with Anavex and Newron. All remuneration has been made to her department. TB: Research funding from GRIN2B Foundation, the International Foundation for CDKL5 Research, Loulou Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, and Simons Foundation. Consultancy for Alcyone, AveXis, GRIN Therapeutics, GW Pharmaceuticals, the International Rett Syndrome Foundation, Marinus Pharmaceuticals, Neurogene, Ovid Therapeutics, and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. Clinical trials with Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc., GW Pharmaceuticals, Ionis, Marinus Pharmaceuticals, Neurogene, Ovid Therapeutics, and Rett Syndrome Research Trust. All remuneration has been made to his department. SD: Consulted for Biomarin, Neurogene, Marinus, Tysha, Ultragenyx, UCB, Capsida, Encoded, Longboard, Mahzi therapeutics, and Ovid Therapeutics. Funding from NIH, Project 8P and Mila's Miracle Foundation. Advisory board member for non-profit foundations Rare X, SLC6A1 Connect, Project 8P, Ring14 USA, FamilieSCN2A and N of 1 Collaborative. JD: Consultancy for Marinus, Ultragenyx, Acadia, Avexis, Orion, Takeda, Neurogene and Taysha. Clinical Trials with Anavex and Newron. Consulting\/Advisory Board member for SCN2A Australia. All remuneration has been made to her department. All other authors have no relevant conflicts of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}