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This study evaluated the convergent validity and responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L in racial\/ethnic minority populations with type 2 diabetes and elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Secondary data from a clinical trial of a diabetes adherence support intervention for African-American and Latinx patients with type 2 diabetes (NCT02990299) were analyzed. Clinical (HbA1c, systolic blood pressure [SBP], body mass index [BMI]), psychological (brief 4-item diabetes distress scale [DDS4] for diabetes-related distress, 9-item patient health questionnaire [PHQ-9] for depressive symptoms), and HRQL (EQ-5D-3L) data were collected at baseline and every 6\u00a0months for 2\u00a0years. Convergent validity was assessed by examining the strength of associations between clinical\/psychological measures and EQ-5D scores. A responder analysis using generalized estimating equation models was used to evaluate the EQ-5D's sensitivity to changes in clinical\/psychological factors over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 221 individuals analyzed, HbA1c and SBP levels did not differ across those reporting varying levels of problems in any EQ-5D dimension. Individuals with higher BMI were more likely to report problems with mobility, usual activities, pain\/discomfort, and anxiety\/depression. DDS4 scores were moderately correlated with EQ-5D anxiety\/depression dimension and index score, while PHQ-9 scores were strongly correlated with both. EQ-5D index score was insensitive to improvements in clinical measures but sensitive to improvements in psychological measures over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The EQ-5D-3L captured variations in BMI and psychological measures but not in HbA1c and SBP. This study provides HRQL estimates that can be compared with other populations or studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-025-04070-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T15:43:18Z","timestamp":1758987798000},"page":"3147-3158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Health-related quality of life in racial and ethnic minority adults with type 2 diabetes: validity and responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1900-4103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mrinmayee","family":"Joshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5645-7091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. 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Dr. Pickard has received funding from the EuroQol Group and consulting income from Second City Outcomes Research and Maths in Health unrelated to the topic of this manuscript. Drs. Kim and Touchette, through the University of Illinois Chicago, received funding from the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review. Dr. Kim has received consulting income from Renalytix. Dr. Touchette has received consulting income from AstraZeneca, eMax Health, Horizon Therapeutics, and Monument Analytics.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This is an observational study and utilizes deidentified data from a previously conducted clinical trial that was approved by the University of Illinois Chicago Institutional Review Board (#2016-0380, initially effective date: 5\/18\/2016). All participants provided written informed consent.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}]}}