{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T16:55:38Z","timestamp":1781628938277,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Qual Life Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In longstanding pain, a core treatment aim is to minimize the effect of pain on health-related quality of life and patient-specific function. The study aim was to assess whether the effect of pain intensity on outcome is mediated through pain self-efficacy. A secondary aim was to assess the mediating effect of pain self-efficacy for a subgroup of patients with low pain self-efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective data of 422 patients with musculoskeletal pain seeking physical therapy was applied in analyses. The exposure was baseline pain intensity and outcomes were health-related quality of life (EQ-5D), patient-specific function (PSFS) and global perceived effect (GPE) at 12 months. The mediator was measured by the 2-item pain self-efficacy questionnaire (PSEQ-2) at baseline and 3 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mediating effect of pain self-efficacy on the relation between pain intensity and health-related quality of life and patient-specific function was statistically, but not clinically, significant: \u2212\u20090.01 (95% CI \u2212\u20090.01 to \u2212\u20090.00) and \u2212\u20090.08 (95% CI (\u2212\u20090.15 to \u2212\u20090.01). For the mediating effect of pain self-efficacy on the relation between pain intensity and global perceived effect, odds ratio was 0.97 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.01). In a subgroup with low baseline pain self-efficacy, the mediating effect of pain self-efficacy was \u2212\u20090.28 (\u2212\u20090.55 to \u2212\u20090.01) for patient-specific function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pain self-efficacy did not have an important mediating effect on the relation between pain intensity and outcome. In a subgroup with reduced pain self-efficacy, the effect of baseline pain intensity on patient-specific function was mediated by pain self-efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03626389. Registered August 13, 2018 (retrospectively registered).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-025-04118-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T09:40:37Z","timestamp":1767433237000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Can pain self-efficacy mediate the influence of pain intensity on outcomes for patients with musculoskeletal pain? 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