{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T17:31:33Z","timestamp":1786383093325,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780704000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001782","name":"University of Melbourne","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Qual Life Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, often accompanied by fatigue and reduced quality of life (QoL). Stressful life events (SLEs) may heighten stress in people with MS (pwMS), compounding the challenges of living with the condition. While mastery is acknowledged as a psychological resource for resilience, its protective role against SLEs remains unclear. We examined whether mastery modifies associations between SLEs and QoL and fatigue in pwMS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed cross-sectional survey data from an international sample of 948 pwMS. Mastery (Pearlin mastery scale) was categorised into tertiles (low, moderate, high). QoL (MSQoL-54) was summarised as mental and physical composite scores. Clinically significant fatigue was defined as fatigue severity scale (FSS)\u2009&gt;\u20095. SLEs exposure (Holmes\u2013Rahe social readjustment rating scale) was assessed as total number and load (severity). Multivariable regression models assessed associations between SLEs and outcomes, and interaction terms tested effect modification by mastery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher number and load of SLEs were associated with clinically meaningful lower mental QoL (\u2212\u20097 to \u2212\u20098 points) among pwMS with low or moderate mastery, but not among pwMS with high mastery. Higher number and load of SLEs were also associated with 3\u2013 5 fold higher odds of clinically significant fatigue, primarily among pwMS with low mastery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher mastery may buffer adverse associations between SLEs exposure and mental QoL and fatigue. Prospective studies are needed to confirm temporal relationships; however, interventions that support mastery may help mitigate stress-related impacts on wellbeing in MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-026-04287-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T08:01:02Z","timestamp":1780732862000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Self-mastery buffers associations between stressful life events and mental quality of life and fatigue in people living with multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2022-4939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maggie","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6521-3056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steve","family":"Simpson-Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6157-0910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Jelinek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0761-9848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Neate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2897-0271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanette","family":"Reece","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0271-0781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nupur","family":"Nag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"4287_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70064-8","volume":"9","author":"N Koch-Henriksen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koch-Henriksen, N., & S\u00f8rensen, P. S. (2010). The changing demographic pattern of multiple sclerosis epidemiology. The Lancet Neurology, 9(5), 520\u2013532.","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology"},{"issue":"10076","key":"4287_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30959-X","volume":"389","author":"WJ Brownlee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brownlee, W. J., Hardy, T. A., Fazekas, F., & Miller, D. H. (2017). Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: Progress and challenges. The Lancet, 389(10076), 1336\u20131346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30959-X","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"4287_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841","volume":"26","author":"C Walton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walton, C., King, R., Rechtman, L., Kaye, W., Leray, E., Marrie, R. A., Robertson, N., La Rocca, N., Uitdehaag, B., & Van Der Mei, I. (2020). Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: Insights from the atlas of MS. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 26, 1816\u20131821.","journal-title":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal"},{"issue":"11","key":"4287_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e041249","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-041249","volume":"10","author":"I Gil-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gil-Gonz\u00e1lez, I., Mart\u00edn-Rodr\u00edguez, A., Conrad, R., & P\u00e9rez-San-Gregorio, M. \u00c1. (2020). Quality of life in adults with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. British Medical Journal Open, 10(11), e041249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-041249","journal-title":"British Medical Journal Open"},{"key":"4287_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-021-00239-2","volume":"10","author":"L Lakin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lakin, L., Davis, B. E., Binns, C. C., Currie, K. M., & Rensel, M. R. (2021). Comprehensive approach to management of multiple sclerosis: Addressing invisible symptoms\u2014A narrative review. Neurology and Therapy, 10, 75\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40120-021-00239-2","journal-title":"Neurology and Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"4287_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(67)90010-4","volume":"11","author":"TH Holmes","year":"1967","unstructured":"Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. H. (1967). The social readjustment rating scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11(2), 213\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3999(67)90010-4","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"4287_CR7","first-page":"38","volume":"104","author":"KK Haubrick","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haubrick, K. K., Gadbois, E. A., Campbell, S. E., Young, J., Zhang, T., Rizvi, S., Shireman, T. I., & Shield, R. R. (2021). The lived experiences of adults with multiple sclerosis. Rhode Island Medical Journal, 104(6), 38\u201342.","journal-title":"Rhode Island Medical Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"4287_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14458","volume":"27","author":"X Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang, X., Olsson, T., Hillert, J., Kockum, I., & Alfredsson, L. (2020). Stressful life events are associated with the risk of multiple sclerosis. European Journal of Neurology, 27(12), 2539\u20132548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.14458","journal-title":"European Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"4287_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.2147\/prbm.S310664","volume":"14","author":"A Ko\u0142tuniuk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ko\u0142tuniuk, A., Kazimierska-Zaj\u0105c, M., Cisek, K., & Chojdak-\u0141ukasiewicz, J. (2021). The role of stress perception and coping with stress and the quality of life among multiple sclerosis patients. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 14, 805\u2013815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/prbm.S310664","journal-title":"Psychology Research and Behavior Management"},{"key":"4287_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8201","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2021.2022776","volume":"44","author":"A Fahy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fahy, A., & Maguire, R. (2022). Potentially modifiable associates of anxiety in people with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. Disability and Rehabilitation, 44, 8201\u20138212.","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"4287_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2020-002604","volume":"12","author":"KF Pashazadeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pashazadeh, K. F., Hoseinipalangi, Z., Ahmadi, N., et al. (2022). Global, regional and national quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Supportive and Palliative Care, 12(2), 158\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjspcare-2020-002604","journal-title":"BMJ Supportive and Palliative Care"},{"issue":"7442","key":"4287_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38041.724421.55","volume":"328","author":"DC Mohr","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mohr, D. C., Hart, S. L., Julian, L., Cox, D., & Pelletier, D. (2004). Association between stressful life events and exacerbation in multiple sclerosis: A meta-analysis. BMJ (Clinical Research Edition), 328(7442), 731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.38041.724421.55","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Edition)"},{"issue":"4","key":"4287_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2018.1545905","volume":"34","author":"TV Merluzzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Merluzzi, T. V., Chirico, A., Serpentini, S., Yang, M., & Philip, E. J. (2019). The role of coping in the relationship between stressful life events and quality of life in persons with cancer. Psychology and Health, 34(4), 497\u2013513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08870446.2018.1545905","journal-title":"Psychology and Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"4287_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kax004","volume":"52","author":"NG Goyal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goyal, N. G., Maddocks, K. J., Johnson, A. J., Byrd, J. C., Westbrook, T. D., & Andersen, B. L. (2018). Cancer-specific stress and trajectories of psychological and physical functioning in patients with relapsed\/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 52(4), 287\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/abm\/kax004","journal-title":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"4287_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02396-1","volume":"21","author":"A Oliva Ramirez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oliva Ramirez, A., Keenan, A., Kalau, O., Worthington, E., Cohen, L., & Singh, S. (2021). Prevalence and burden of multiple sclerosis-related fatigue: A systematic literature review. BMC Neurology, 21(1), 468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02396-1","journal-title":"BMC Neurology"},{"key":"4287_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4284","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519862658","volume":"47","author":"E Pancar Yuksel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pancar Yuksel, E., Durmus, D., & Sarisoy, G. (2019). Perceived stress, life events, fatigue and temperament in patients with psoriasis. Journal of International Medical Research, 47, 4284\u20134291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300060519862658","journal-title":"Journal of International Medical Research"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"4287_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1348\/147608308X345614","volume":"82","author":"RF Brown","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brown, R. F., Valpiani, E. M., Tennant, C. C., et al. (2009). Longitudinal assessment of anxiety, depression, and fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis. Psychology and Psychotherapy, 82(Pt 1), 41\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1348\/147608308X345614","journal-title":"Psychology and Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"4287_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000770","volume":"82","author":"I Swanepoel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Swanepoel, I., van Staden, W., & Fletcher, L. (2020). Psychological resilience and vulnerability as mediators between adverse life events and fatigue, motor dysfunction, and paresthesia in multiple sclerosis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 82(2), 138\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000770","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"4287_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-023-02390-z","author":"JC Reece","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reece, J. C., Neate, S. L., Davenport, R. A., Milanzi, E., Nag, N., Bevens, W., Yu, M., Jelinek, G. A., & Simpson-Yap, S. (2023). Stressful life events and depression and fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional analysis of an international cohort. Acta Neurologica Belgica. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13760-023-02390-z","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Belgica"},{"issue":"1","key":"4287_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.2307\/2136319","volume":"19","author":"LI Pearlin","year":"1978","unstructured":"Pearlin, L. I., & Schooler, C. (1978). The structure of coping. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 19(1), 2\u201321.","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"issue":"6","key":"4287_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.22200","volume":"47","author":"SA Stoddard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stoddard, S. A., Pierce, J., Hurd, N. M., Bauermeister, J. A., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2019). Purpose and mastery as predictors of perceived health and substance use problems. Journal of Community Psychology, 47(6), 1514\u20131529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcop.22200","journal-title":"Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"4287_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03643-y","volume":"21","author":"A Homayuni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Homayuni, A., Hosseini, Z., & Abedini, S. (2021). Explaining stress coping behaviors in patients with multiple sclerosis based on the PRECEDE model: A qualitative directed content analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 21, 631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-021-03643-y","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"4287_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12020716","volume":"12","author":"AM Novak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Novak, A. M., & Lev-Ari, S. (2023). Resilience, stress, well-being, and sleep quality in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12, 716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12020716","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"4287_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1097\/psy.0000000000000476","volume":"79","author":"AJ Elliot","year":"2017","unstructured":"Elliot, A. J., Mooney, C. J., Infurna, F. J., & Chapman, B. P. (2017). Associations of lifetime trauma and chronic stress with C-reactive protein in adults ages 50 years and older: Examining the moderating role of perceived control. Psychosomatic Medicine, 79(6), 622\u2013630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/psy.0000000000000476","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"4287_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2010.0165","volume":"25","author":"K Gibson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gibson, K., Rueda, S., Rourke, S. B., Bekele, T., Gardner, S., Fenta, H., & Hart, T. A. (2011). Mastery and coping moderate the negative effect of acute and chronic stressors on mental health-related quality of life in HIV. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 25(6), 371\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/apc.2010.0165","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care and STDs"},{"issue":"2","key":"4287_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-012-0982-4","volume":"34","author":"EJ Hadgkiss","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hadgkiss, E. J., Jelinek, G. A., Weiland, T. J., Rumbold, G., Mackinlay, C. A., Gutbrod, S., & Gawler, I. (2013). Health-related quality of life outcomes at 1 and 5 years after a residential retreat promoting lifestyle modification for people with multiple sclerosis. Neurological Sciences, 34(2), 187\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-012-0982-4","journal-title":"Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"4287_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czq043","volume":"26","author":"LD Howe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Howe, L. D., Hargreaves, J. R., Ploubidis, G. B., De Stavola, B. L., & Huttly, S. R. (2011). Subjective measures of socio-economic position and the wealth index: A comparative analysis. Health Policy and Planning, 26(3), 223\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/heapol\/czq043","journal-title":"Health Policy and Planning"},{"issue":"5","key":"4287_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458504ms1085oa","volume":"10","author":"MA Rizzo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rizzo, M. A., Hadjimichael, O. C., Preiningerova, J., & Vollmer, T. L. (2004). Prevalence and treatment of spasticity reported by multiple sclerosis patients. Multiple Sclerosis, 10(5), 589\u2013595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1352458504ms1085oa","journal-title":"Multiple Sclerosis"},{"issue":"11","key":"4287_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182872855","volume":"80","author":"I Kister","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kister, I., Chamot, E., Salter, A. R., Cutter, G. R., Bacon, T. E., & Herbert, J. (2013). Disability in multiple sclerosis: A reference for patients and clinicians. Neurology, 80(11), 1018\u20131024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182872855","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"4287_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","volume":"16","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606\u2013613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"4287_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10993","volume":"49","author":"O Sangha","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sangha, O., Stucki, G., Liang, M. H., Fossel, A. H., & Katz, J. N. (2003). The self-administered comorbidity questionnaire: A new method to assess comorbidity for clinical and health services research. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 49(2), 156\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.10993","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"issue":"1","key":"4287_CR32","first-page":"82","volume":"22","author":"R Blake","year":"1986","unstructured":"Blake, R., & McKay, D. A. (1986). A single-item measure of social supports as a predictor of morbidity. Journal of Family Practice, 22(1), 82\u201384.","journal-title":"Journal of Family Practice"},{"issue":"7","key":"4287_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458516667566","volume":"23","author":"A Saul","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saul, A., Ponsonby, A. L., Lucas, R. M., Taylor, B. V., Simpson, S., Valery, P., Dwyer, T., Kilpatrick, T. J., Pender, M. P., & van der Mei, I. A. (2017). Stressful life events and the risk of initial central nervous system demyelination. Multiple Sclerosis, 23(7), 1000\u20131007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458516667566","journal-title":"Multiple Sclerosis"},{"issue":"6","key":"4287_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1177\/00131640021970952","volume":"60","author":"JA Scully","year":"2000","unstructured":"Scully, J. A., Tosi, H., & Banning, K. (2000). Life event checklists: Revisiting the social readjustment rating scale after 30 years. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 60(6), 864\u2013876.","journal-title":"Educational and Psychological Measurement"},{"issue":"3","key":"4287_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02260859","volume":"4","author":"BG Vickrey","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vickrey, B. G., Hays, R. D., Harooni, R., Myers, L. W., & Ellison, G. W. (1995). A health-related quality of life measure for multiple sclerosis. Quality of Life Research, 4(3), 187\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02260859","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"4287_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520460115022","volume":"46","author":"LB Krupp","year":"1989","unstructured":"Krupp, L. B., LaRocca, N. G., Muir-Nash, J., & Steinberg, A. D. (1989). The fatigue severity scale: Application to patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Archives of Neurology, 46(10), 1121\u20131123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520460115022","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"key":"4287_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.1.139","volume":"16","author":"D Osoba","year":"1998","unstructured":"Osoba, D., Rodrigues, G., Myles, J., Zee, B., & Pater, J. (1998). Interpreting the significance of changes in health-related quality-of-life scores. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 16, 139\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.1.139","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"issue":"6","key":"4287_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1586\/14737167.5.6.763","volume":"5","author":"MJ Taphoorn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Taphoorn, M. J., & Bottomley, A. (2005). Health-related quality of life and symptom research in glioblastoma multiforme patients. Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, 5(6), 763\u2013774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/14737167.5.6.763","journal-title":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"4287_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-018-9975-9","volume":"43","author":"MW Gallagher","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gallagher, M. W., Long, L. J., Richardson, A., & D\u2019Souza, J. M. (2019). Resilience and coping in cancer survivors: The unique effects of optimism and mastery. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 43(1), 32\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10608-018-9975-9","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"4287_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0248135","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248135","volume":"16","author":"M Wilski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wilski, M., Brola, W., \u0141uniewska, M., & Tomczak, M. (2021). The perceived impact of multiple sclerosis and self-management: The mediating role of coping strategies. PLoS ONE, 16(3), e0248135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0248135","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"4287_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijchp.2023.100415","volume":"24","author":"M Wilski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wilski, M., Brola, W., Koper, M., Gabryelski, J., \u0141uniewska, M., Fudala, M., & Tomczak, M. (2024). Relationship between physical activity and coping with stress in people with multiple sclerosis: A moderated mediation model with self-efficacy and disability level as variables. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 24(1), 100415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijchp.2023.100415","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"4287_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.24.3.288","volume":"24","author":"DM Golden-Kreutz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Golden-Kreutz, D. M., Thornton, L. M., Wells-Di Gregorio, S., et al. (2005). Traumatic stress, perceived global stress, and life events: Prospectively predicting quality of life in breast cancer patients. Health Psychology, 24(3), 288\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0278-6133.24.3.288","journal-title":"Health Psychology"},{"key":"4287_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2022.110981","volume":"160","author":"CS Polick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Polick, C. S., Polick, S. R., & Stoddard, S. A. (2022). Relationships between childhood trauma and multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 160, 110981. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2022.110981","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"key":"4287_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.03.010","volume":"56","author":"DJ Powell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Powell, D. J., Moss-Morris, R., Liossi, C., & Schlotz, W. (2015). Circadian cortisol and fatigue severity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 56, 120\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.03.010","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"4287_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01827","volume":"10","author":"MR Zielinski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zielinski, M. R., Systrom, D. M., & Rose, N. R. (2019). Fatigue, sleep, and autoimmune and related disorders. Frontiers in Immunology, 10, 1827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01827","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"4287_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652177","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.652177","volume":"12","author":"GE Pust","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pust, G. E., Randerath, J., Goetzmann, L., Weierstall, R., Korzinski, M., Gold, S. M., Dettmers, C., Ruettner, B., & Schmidt, R. (2021). Association of fatigue severity with maladaptive coping in multiple sclerosis: A data-driven psychodynamic perspective. Frontiers in Neurology, 12, 652177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.652177","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"4287_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-020-02521-6","volume":"29","author":"M Ploughman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ploughman, M., Downer, M. B., Pretty, R. W., Wallack, E. M., Amirkhanian, S., & Kirkland, M. C. (2020). The impact of resilience on healthy aging with multiple sclerosis. Quality of Life Research, 29(10), 2769\u20132779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-020-02521-6","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"key":"4287_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1037\/str0000129","volume":"27","author":"M Gerber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gerber, M., Schilling, R., Colledge, F., Ludyga, S., P\u00fchse, U., & Brand, S. (2020). More than a simple pastime? The potential of physical activity to moderate the relationship between occupational stress and burnout symptoms. International Journal of Stress Management, 27, 53.","journal-title":"International Journal of Stress Management"},{"key":"4287_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103804","volume":"62","author":"N Nag","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nag, N., Yang, X., Jelinek, G., Neate, S., & Simpson-Yap, S. (2022). Undertaking specific stress-reducing activities are associated with reduced fatigue and depression, and increased mastery, in people with multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 62, 103804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103804","journal-title":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"}],"container-title":["Quality of Life Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11136-026-04287-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11136-026-04287-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11136-026-04287-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T17:08:58Z","timestamp":1786381738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11136-026-04287-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["4287"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-026-04287-9","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-8677198\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0962-9343","1573-2649"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-9343","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2649","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"GJ is the author of \u201cOvercoming Multiple Sclerosis\u201d and co-editor of \u201cOvercoming Multiple Sclerosis Handbook. Roadmap to Good Health\u201d. SN is a co-editor of \u201cOvercoming Multiple Sclerosis Handbook. Roadmap to Good Health\u201d. GJ and SN receive royalties from aforementioned authored publications, have previously received remuneration from facilitation of Overcoming MS residential workshops. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethics approval was granted by The University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee (ID1545102).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Participants were provided with a participant information sheet, and informed consent obtained prior to commencing the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"167"}}