{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:20:29Z","timestamp":1788952829402,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007465","name":"UiT The Arctic University of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007465","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Qual Life Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-026-04311-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T07:32:36Z","timestamp":1782631956000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Explaining inequalities in quality of life: a longitudinal study of health disparities in Norway"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Jan Abel","family":"Olsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ola","family":"L\u00f8vsletten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"19","key":"4311_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.4329","volume":"321","author":"JM Kinge","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kinge, J. M., Modalsli, J. H., Overland, S., Gjessing, H. K., Toll\u00e5nes, M. C., Knudsen, A. K., Skirbekk, V., Strand, B. H., H\u00e5berg, S. E., & Vollset, S. E. (2019). Association of household income with life expectancy and cause-specific mortality in Norway, 2005-2015. Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association, 321(19), 1916\u20131925. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2019.4329","journal-title":"Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"9","key":"4311_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-025-03976-1","volume":"34","author":"T Kangas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kangas, T., Milis, S. L., Vanthomme, K., & Vandenheede, H. (2025). The social determinants of health-related quality of life among people with chronic disease: A systematic literature review. Quality of Life Research, 34(9), 2501\u20132511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-025-03976-1","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"4311_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2012.06.017","volume":"55","author":"M Loef","year":"2012","unstructured":"Loef, M., & Walach, H. (2012). The combined effects of healthy lifestyle behaviors on all cause mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Preventive Medicine, 55(3), 163\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2012.06.017","journal-title":"Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"4311_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-022-03229-5","volume":"32","author":"W Liao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liao, W., Liu, X. T., Kang, N., Song, Y., Yuchi, Y. H., Hu, Z., Hou, J., Wang, C. J., & Li, Y. Q. (2023). Associations between healthy lifestyle score and health-related quality of life among Chinese rural adults: Variations in age, sex, education level, and income. Quality of Life Research, 32(1), 81\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-022-03229-5","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"4311_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2004.09.008","volume":"24","author":"A Case","year":"2005","unstructured":"Case, A., Fertig, A., & Paxson, C. (2005). The lasting impact of childhood health and circumstance. Journal of Health Economics, 24(2), 365\u2013389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2004.09.008","journal-title":"Journal of Health Economics"},{"key":"4311_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2020.102460","author":"T Katr\u0148\u00e1k","year":"2020","unstructured":"Katr\u0148\u00e1k, T., & Manea, B. C. (2020). Change in prevalence or preference? Trends in educational homogamy in six European countries in a time of educational expansion. Social Science Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2020.102460","journal-title":"Social Science Research"},{"key":"4311_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2019.06.004","author":"I Permanyer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Permanyer, I., Esteve, A., & Garcia, J. (2019). Decomposing patterns of college marital sorting in 118 countries: Structural constraints versus assortative mating. Social Science Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2019.06.004","journal-title":"Social Science Research"},{"key":"4311_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.116581","author":"G Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, G., Olsen, J. A., & Lamu, A. N. (2024). The influence of parents\u2019 and partner\u2019s education on own health behaviours. Social Science & Medicine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.116581","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"4311_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1177\/00221465211063879","volume":"63","author":"A Halpern-Manners","year":"2022","unstructured":"Halpern-Manners, A., Hernandez, E. M., & Wilbur, T. G. (2022). Crossover effects of education on health within married couples. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 63(2), 301\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00221465211063879","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"key":"4311_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.115832","author":"AN Lamu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lamu, A. N., Chen, G., & Olsen, J. A. (2023). Amplified disparities: The association between spousal education and own health. Social Science & Medicine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.115832","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"4311_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2007.01003.x","volume":"29","author":"C Monden","year":"2007","unstructured":"Monden, C. (2007). Partners in health? Exploring resemblance in health between partners in married and cohabiting couples. Sociology of Health & Illness, 29(3), 391\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2007.01003.x","journal-title":"Sociology of Health & Illness"},{"key":"4311_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041375","author":"L Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, L., & Tan, X. (2021). Educational assortative mating and health: A study in Chinese internal migrants. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18041375","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"4311_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3004","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513x211038068","volume":"43","author":"XH Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao, X. H., & Sun, S. B. (2022). Partners\u2019 educational pairings and subjective well-being in China: An analysis using the diagonal mobility model. Journal of Family Issues, 43(11), 3004\u20133029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0192513x211038068","journal-title":"Journal of Family Issues"},{"key":"4311_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2013.10.017","volume":"58","author":"K Sargent-Cox","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sargent-Cox, K., Cherbuin, N., Morris, L., Butterworth, P., & Anstey, K. J. (2014). The effect of health behavior change on self-rated health across the adult life course: A longitudinal cohort study. Preventive Medicine, 58, 75\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2013.10.017","journal-title":"Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"4311_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-024-08739-1","volume":"39","author":"M Nehme","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nehme, M., Schrempft, S., Baysson, H., Pullen, N., Rouzinov, S., Stringhini, S., Guessous, I., Grp, S. S. (2024). Associations between healthy behaviors and persistently favorable self-rated health in a longitudinal population-based study in Switzerland. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 39(8), 1283\u20131285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-024-08739-1","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"key":"4311_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-022-01972-4","author":"S Stenlund","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stenlund, S., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H., Sillanm\u00e4ki, L., Lagstr\u00f6m, H., Rautava, P., & Suominen, S. (2022). Changed health behavior improves subjective well-being and vice versa in a follow-up of 9 years. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-022-01972-4","journal-title":"Health and Quality of Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"7","key":"4311_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1177\/14034948221092294","volume":"50","author":"LA Hopstock","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hopstock, L. A., Grimsgaard, S., Johansen, H., Kanstad, K., Wilsgaard, T., & Eggen, A. E. (2022). The seventh survey of the Troms\u00f8 Study (Troms\u00f87) 2015\u20132016: Study design, data collection, attendance, and prevalence of risk factors and disease in a multipurpose population-based health survey. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 50(7), 919\u2013929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14034948221092294","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"4311_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr049","volume":"41","author":"BK Jacobsen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jacobsen, B. K., Eggen, A. E., Mathiesen, E. B., Wilsgaard, T., & Nj\u00f8lstad, I. (2012). Cohort profile: The Troms\u00f8 Study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 41(4), 961\u2013967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyr049","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"4311_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-025-00989-2","volume":"23","author":"NJ Devlin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Devlin, N. J., Xie, F., Slaap, B., & Stolk, E. (2025). Measuring and valuing health using EuroQol instruments: New developments 2025 and beyond. Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, 23(6), 947\u2013960. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40258-025-00989-2","journal-title":"Applied Health Economics and Health Policy"},{"key":"4311_CR20","unstructured":"EuroQol Research Foundation (2026). Terminology. Retrieved 21. April, 2026, from https:\/\/euroqol.org\/information-and-support\/documentation\/terminology\/"},{"issue":"10","key":"4311_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-9903-x","volume":"20","author":"M Herdman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Herdman, M., Gudex, C., Lloyd, A., Janssen, M. F., Kind, P., Parkin, D., Bonsel, G., & Badia, X. (2011). Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L). Quality of Life Research, 20(10), 1727\u20131736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-011-9903-x","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"4311_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-024-03837-3","volume":"34","author":"AM Garratt","year":"2025","unstructured":"Garratt, A. M., Stavem, K., Shaw, J. W., & Rand, K. (2025). EQ-5D-5L value set for Norway: A hybrid model using cTTO and DCE data. Quality of Life Research, 34(2), 417\u2013427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-024-03837-3","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"4311_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13","volume":"49","author":"E Diener","year":"1985","unstructured":"Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Assessment"},{"issue":"5","key":"4311_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2007.10.030","volume":"44","author":"D Hultell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hultell, D., & Gustavsson, J. P. (2008). A psychometric evaluation of the Satisfaction with Life Scale in a Swedish nationwide sample of university students. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(5), 1070\u20131079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2007.10.030","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"4","key":"4311_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033902","volume":"25","author":"C Zou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zou, C., Schimmack, U., & Gere, J. (2013). The validity of well-being measures: A multiple-indicator-multiple-rater model. Psychological Assessment, 25(4), 1247\u20131254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0033902","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"2","key":"4311_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2020.1737093","volume":"103","author":"ONE Kjell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kjell, O. N. E., & Diener, E. (2021). Abbreviated three-item versions of the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Harmony in Life Scale yield as strong psychometric properties as the original scales. Journal of Personality Assessment, 103(2), 183\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00223891.2020.1737093","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Assessment"},{"issue":"4","key":"4311_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2005.02.002","volume":"40","author":"S Oishi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oishi, S. (2006). The concept of life satisfaction across cultures: An IRT analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(4), 411\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jrp.2005.02.002","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"issue":"1","key":"4311_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12332","volume":"46","author":"S Listl","year":"2018","unstructured":"Listl, S., Broadbent, J. M., Thomson, W. M., Stock, C., Shen, J., Steele, J., Wildman, J., Heilmann, A., Watt, R. G., Tsakos, G., Peres, M. A., van der Heijden, G., & Jurges, H. (2018). Childhood socioeconomic conditions and teeth in older adulthood: Evidence from SHARE wave 5. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 46(1), 78\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdoe.12332","journal-title":"Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"4311_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12045","volume":"27","author":"JK Straughen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Straughen, J. K., Caldwell, C. H., Osypuk, T. L., Helmkamp, L., & Misra, D. P. (2013). Direct and proxy recall of childhood socio-economic position and health. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 27(3), 294\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ppe.12045","journal-title":"Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"4311_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-023-01059-4","volume":"39","author":"E Botteri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Botteri, E., Peveri, G., Berstad, P., Bagnardi, V., Hoff, G., Heath, A. K., Cross, A. J., Vineis, P., Dossus, L., Johansson, M., Freisling, H., Matta, K., Huybrechts, I., Chen, S. L. F., Borch, K. B., Sandanger, T. M., Nost, T. H., Dahm, C. C., Antoniussen, C. S., \u2026 Ferrari, P. (2024). Lifestyle changes in middle age and risk of cancer: Evidence from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. European Journal of Epidemiology, 39(2), 147\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-023-01059-4","journal-title":"European Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"4311_CR31","unstructured":"World Health Organization, t. (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health."},{"key":"4311_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687-022-00474-7","author":"M Derkach","year":"2022","unstructured":"Derkach, M., Al Sayah, F., Ohinmaa, A., Svenson, L. W., & Johnson, J. A. (2022). Comparative performance of the EuroQol EQ-5D-5L and the CDC healthy days measures in assessing population health. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41687-022-00474-7","journal-title":"Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes"},{"key":"4311_CR33","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2023). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing."},{"key":"4311_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16943-7","author":"JA Olsen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Olsen, J. A., Chen, G., & Lamu, A. N. (2023). The relative importance of education and health behaviour for health and wellbeing. BMC Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-023-16943-7","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"4311_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2018.05.003","volume":"113","author":"D Petrovic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Petrovic, D., de Mestral, C., Bochud, M., Bartley, M., Kivimaki, M., Vineis, P., Mackenbach, J., & Stringhini, S. (2018). The contribution of health behaviors to socioeconomic inequalities in health: A systematic review. Preventive Medicine, 113, 15\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2018.05.003","journal-title":"Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"4311_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2014.04.014","volume":"68","author":"RM Kaplan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kaplan, R. M. (2014). Behavior change and reducing health disparities. Preventive Medicine, 68, 5\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2014.04.014","journal-title":"Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"4311_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.012809.102529","volume":"36","author":"FC Pampel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pampel, F. C., Krueger, P. M., & Denney, J. T. (2010). Socioeconomic disparities in health behaviors. Annual Review of Sociology, 36, 349\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.soc.012809.102529","journal-title":"Annual Review of Sociology"},{"key":"4311_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.12.026","volume":"128","author":"DR Lillard","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lillard, D. R., Burkhauser, R. V., Hahn, M. H., & Wilkins, R. (2015). Does early-life income inequality predict self-reported health in later life? Evidence from the United States. Social Science & Medicine, 128, 347\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.12.026","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"4311_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148384","author":"L Wilderink","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wilderink, L., Bakker, I., Schuit, A. J., Seidell, J. C., Pop, I. A., & Renders, C. M. (2022). A theoretical perspective on why socioeconomic health inequalities are persistent: Building the case for an effective approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19148384","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"}],"container-title":["Quality of Life Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11136-026-04311-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11136-026-04311-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11136-026-04311-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:05:42Z","timestamp":1788951942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11136-026-04311-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["4311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-026-04311-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-9343","1573-2649"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-9343","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2649","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics (ID, 2016\/607). All participants gave written informed consent before admission. The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"220"}}