{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T12:15:53Z","timestamp":1788005753765,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Qual Life Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study we focused on gaining better interpretation of the PROMIS-Upper-Extremity v2.0 (PROMIS-UE v2.0) T-score scale for measuring upper extremity function in patients with upper extremity injuries (UEIs). This is fundamental in order to clearly understand the clinical relevance of these outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify interpretive thresholds for mild, moderate and severe upper extremity function problems for PROMIS-UE v2.0 T-scores, in patients with UEIs, by performing a vignettes study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A qualitative vignette study, based on the PROMIS-UE v2.0 and its item response theory model. Designed vignettes were tested in pilot expert- and patient focus groups. The vignettes were ranked by participants by functioning level and interpretive threshold values were proposed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This resulted in consensus on the following interpretive thresholds: no problems\u2014mild problems at T-score 45, mild problems\u2014moderate problems at T-score 32.5 and moderate problems\u2014severe problems at T-score 25. The thresholds provide additional information on interpretation of a larger range of the T-score scale, not only the evidently low or high T-scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides clinically meaningful interpretive thresholds for interpreting PROMIS-UE v2.0 T-scores in patients with UEI, supporting more patient-centred interpretation of treatment outcomes. We recommend using these interpretive thresholds in clinical practice to support the interpretation of patient-reported treatment outcomes and facilitate shared decision-making. Future research with regards to influencing factors on ranking of the vignettes should follow.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-026-04367-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T11:17:50Z","timestamp":1788002270000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deciding on thresholds for clinical relevance of PROMIS-upper extremity v2.0 in patients with upper extremity injury"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5442-9035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suus G. J.","family":"van Bruggen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1466-9631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lore E.","family":"de Vreeze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9621-9634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte M.","family":"Lameijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8393-4946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank W.","family":"Bloemers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4570-2826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline B.","family":"Terwee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"4367_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001616","volume":"479","author":"DN Bernstein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bernstein, D. N., Gruber, J. S., Merchan, N., Garcia, J., Harper, C. M., & Rozental, T. D. (2021). What factors are associated with increased financial burden and high financial worry for patients undergoing common hand procedures? Clinical Orthopaedics And Related Research, 479(6), 1227\u20131234.","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics And Related Research"},{"key":"4367_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.04.003","volume":"93","author":"S Polinder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Polinder, S., Haagsma, J., Panneman, M., Scholten, A., Brugmans, M., & Van Beeck, E. (2016). The economic burden of injury: Health care and productivity costs of injuries in the Netherlands. Accident Analysis And Prevention, 93, 92\u2013100.","journal-title":"Accident Analysis And Prevention"},{"key":"4367_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Hara, N. N., Isaac, M., Slobogean, G. P., & Klazinga, N. S. (2020). The socioeconomic impact of orthopaedic trauma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 15(1), e0227907.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227907"},{"key":"4367_CR4","first-page":"61","volume":"6","author":"T Weldring","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weldring, T., & Smith, S. M. (2013). Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Health Serv Insights, 6, 61\u201368.","journal-title":"Health Serv Insights"},{"issue":"7","key":"4367_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.04.047","volume":"48","author":"MSH Beerekamp","year":"2017","unstructured":"Beerekamp, M. S. H., de Muinck Keizer, R. J. O., Schep, N. W. L., Ubbink, D. T., Panneman, M. J. M., & Goslings, J. C. (2017). Epidemiology of extremity fractures in The Netherlands. Injury, 48(7), 1355\u20131362.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"1","key":"4367_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-3178-8","volume":"21","author":"CM Lameijer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lameijer, C. M., van Bruggen, S. G. J., Haan, E. J. A., Van Deurzen, D. F. P., Van der Elst, K., Stouten, V., Kaat, A. J., Roorda, L. D., & Terwee, C. B. (2020). Graded response model fit, measurement invariance and (comparative) precision of the Dutch-Flemish PROMIS\u00ae Upper Extremity V2.0 item bank in patients with upper extremity disorders. Bmc Musculoskeletal Disorders, 21(1), 170.","journal-title":"Bmc Musculoskeletal Disorders"},{"key":"4367_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hudak, P. L., Amadio, P. C., Bombardier, C., Beaton, D., Cole, D., Davis, A., Hawker, G., Katz, J. N., Makela, M., Marx, R. G., Punnett, L., & Wright, J. (1996). Development of an upper extremity outcome measure: The DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand). American Journal of Industrial Medicine 30(3), 372\u2013372.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199606)29:6<602::AID-AJIM4>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"issue":"5","key":"4367_CR8","first-page":"1038","volume":"87","author":"DE Beaton","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beaton, D. E., Wright, J. G., Katz, J. N., & Collaborative, U. E., G (2005). Development of the QuickDASH: Comparison of three item-reduction approaches. Journal Of Bone And Joint Surgery. American Volume, 87(5), 1038\u20131046.","journal-title":"Journal Of Bone And Joint Surgery. American Volume"},{"issue":"2","key":"4367_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-1130(96)80076-7","volume":"9","author":"J MacDermid","year":"1996","unstructured":"MacDermid, J. (1996). Development of a scale for patient rating of wrist pain and disability. Journal of Hand Therapy, 9(2), 178\u2013183.","journal-title":"Journal of Hand Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"4367_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(98)80042-7","volume":"23","author":"KC Chung","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chung, K. C., Pillsbury, M. S., Walters, M. R., & Hayward, R. A. (1998). Reliability and validity testing of the Michigan hand outcomes questionnaire. J Hand Surg Am, 23(4), 575\u2013587.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"10","key":"4367_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.06.130","volume":"39","author":"AR Tyser","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tyser, A. R., Beckmann, J., Franklin, J. D., Cheng, C., Hon, S. D., Wang, A., & Hung, M. (2014). Evaluation of the PROMIS physical function computer adaptive test in the upper extremity. J Hand Surg Am, 39(10), 2047\u20132051. e2044.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 1","key":"4367_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S22","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000250483.85507.04","volume":"45","author":"BB Reeve","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reeve, B. B., Hays, R. D., Bjorner, J. B., Cook, K. F., Crane, P. K., Teresi, J. A., Thissen, D., Revicki, D. A., Weiss, D. J., Hambleton, R. K., Liu, H., Gershon, R., Reise, S. P., Lai, J. S., Cella, D., & Group, P. C. (2007). Psychometric evaluation and calibration of health-related quality of life item banks: plans for the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS). Medical Care, 45(5 Suppl 1), S22\u201331.","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"key":"4367_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Bruggen, S. G. J., Lameijer, C. M., & Terwee, C. B. (2019). Structural validity and construct validity of the Dutch-Flemish PROMIS((R)) physical function-upper extremity version 2.0 item bank in Dutch patients with upper extremity injuries (pp. 1\u20139). Disabil Rehabil.","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2019.1651908"},{"issue":"Suppl 5 Suppl 1","key":"4367_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001087","volume":"57","author":"KF Cook","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cook, K. F., Cella, D., & Reeve, B. B. (2019). PRO-bookmarking to estimate clinical thresholds for patient-reported symptoms and function. Medical Care, 57(Suppl 5 Suppl 1), S13\u2013s17.","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"4367_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-016-1468-2","volume":"26","author":"EM Morgan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morgan, E. M., Mara, C. A., Huang, B., Barnett, K., Carle, A. C., Farrell, J. E., & Cook, K. F. (2017). Establishing clinical meaning and defining important differences for patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS(\u00ae)) measures in juvenile idiopathic arthritis using standard setting with patients, parents, and providers. Quality Of Life Research, 26(3), 565\u2013586.","journal-title":"Quality Of Life Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"4367_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/13814788.2017.1375091","volume":"24","author":"A Moser","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moser, A., & Korstjens, I. (2018). Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 3: Sampling, data collection and analysis. The European Journal Of General Practice, 24(1), 9\u201318.","journal-title":"The European Journal Of General Practice"},{"issue":"10","key":"4367_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2779","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-023-03439-5","volume":"32","author":"NE Rothrock","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rothrock, N. E., Wilson, S. A., Heng, M., Hodor, A., Joeris, A., Kaat, A. J., McKelvey, K., Schalet, B. D., & Vrahas, M. (2023). Using bookmarking methods with orthopedic clinicians and patients with fractures produces score interpretation labels for patient-reported outcome measures. Quality Of Life Research, 32(10), 2779\u20132787.","journal-title":"Quality Of Life Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"4367_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-024-03881-z","volume":"34","author":"NE Rothrock","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rothrock, N. E., Drandarov, A., Kaat, A. J., Mosher, H., Prado, J., & Heng, M. (2025). Clarifying thresholds for defining levels of physical function and pain interference using bookmarking in orthopaedics. Quality Of Life Research, 34(4), 1159\u20131166.","journal-title":"Quality Of Life Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"4367_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1179\/2042618612Y.0000000001","volume":"20","author":"A Wright","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wright, A., Hannon, J., Hegedus, E. J., & Kavchak, A. E. (2012). Clinimetrics corner: a closer look at the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). The Journal Of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 20(3), 160\u2013166.","journal-title":"The Journal Of Manual & Manipulative Therapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"4367_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2020.12.017","volume":"24","author":"LS Matza","year":"2021","unstructured":"Matza, L. S., Stewart, K. D., Lloyd, A. J., Rowen, D., & Brazier, J. E. (2021). Vignette-based utilities: usefulness, limitations, and methodological recommendations. Value In Health : The Journal Of The International Society For Pharmacoeconomics And Outcomes Research, 24(6), 812\u2013821.","journal-title":"Value In Health : The Journal Of The International Society For Pharmacoeconomics And Outcomes Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"4367_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-021-01247-4","volume":"21","author":"J Sheringham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sheringham, J., Kuhn, I., & Burt, J. (2021). The use of experimental vignette studies to identify drivers of variations in the delivery of health care: a scoping review. Bmc Medical Research Methodology, 21(1), 81.","journal-title":"Bmc Medical Research Methodology"}],"container-title":["Quality of Life Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11136-026-04367-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11136-026-04367-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11136-026-04367-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T11:17:52Z","timestamp":1788002272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11136-026-04367-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["4367"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-026-04367-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-9343","1573-2649"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-9343","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2649","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Dispensation for medical ethical approval was granted by the local Medical Ethics Committee of the Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc. Reference number: 2020.02.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent for participation and publication was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"275"}}