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We randomised administration order to estimate descriptive properties before exposure to the alternative version and quantify order effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In Wave 11 of the Understanding Society Innovation Panel, respondents were randomised to the EQ-5D-5L-first condition (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009952), the EQ-5D-3L-first condition (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009961), or the EQ-5D-5L-only condition in the late questionnaire position (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009983). Outcomes included the full-health ceiling, response distributions, and Shannon informativity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When each version was answered in the early questionnaire position, the full-health ceiling was 52.1% for the EQ-5D-3L and 35.4% for the EQ-5D-5L (difference 16.7% points, 95% CI 12.2 to 21.3), and the EQ-5D-5L was more informative on every dimension. Moving the EQ-5D-5L to the late position without prior EQ-5D-3L exposure changed its ceiling by 2.5 points (95% CI -2.0 to 7.0), whereas prior EQ-5D-3L exposure at the same position raised it by 12.8 points (8.2 to 17.4). Among interviewer-present interviews, the EQ-5D-5L ceiling was 34.5% without prior EQ-5D-3L, 43.0% after the EQ-5D-3L without noticing repetition, and 53.2% among those who noticed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The EQ-5D-5L order effect arose predominantly from prior EQ-5D-3L exposure rather than questionnaire position and was stronger among respondents who noticed the repetition, consistent with response contamination. Studies comparing instruments within one questionnaire should randomise and report administration order.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-026-04419-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T11:06:58Z","timestamp":1792667218000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Administration-order effects in head-to-head comparisons of the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L descriptive systems: evidence from a randomised general-population panel in Great Britain"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5338-578X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling Jie","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6135-508X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4419_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8510(90)90421-9","volume":"16","author":"EuroQol Group","year":"1990","unstructured":"EuroQol Group. 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The Understanding Society Innovation Panel has ethical approval for all waves. Wave 11 was covered under the Waves 9\u201311 approval granted by the University of Essex Ethics Committee by letter dated 4 October 2016. No additional ethical approval was required for this secondary analysis of anonymised data. Informed consent was obtained from all participants by the Understanding Society study team at the time of data collection. The authors did not collect any primary data.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. The manuscript contains no identifiable individual data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"311"}}