{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:43:26Z","timestamp":1790844206526,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,12]],"date-time":"2007-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1192147200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev Endocr Metab Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-007-9054-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,11]],"date-time":"2007-10-11T16:27:59Z","timestamp":1192120079000},"page":"331-342","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["The adrenal and polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Bulent O.","family":"Yildiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Azziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"9054_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032046","volume":"89","author":"R Azziz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Azziz R, Woods KS, Reyna R, Key TJ, Knochenhauer ES, Yildiz BO. The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:2745\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041536","volume":"352","author":"DA Ehrmann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ehrmann DA. Polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1223\u201336.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9054_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4650","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0628","volume":"90","author":"R Azziz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Azziz R, Marin C, Hoq L, Badamgarav E, Song P. Healthcare-related economic burden of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) during the reproductive lifespan. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:4650\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR4","first-page":"377","volume-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","author":"JK Zawadzki","year":"1992","unstructured":"Zawadzki JK, Dunaif A. Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome. In: Dunaif A, Givens J, Haseltine F, Merriam GR, editors. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1992. pp. 377\u201384."},{"key":"9054_CR5","first-page":"19","volume":"81","author":"The Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group: Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome","year":"2004","unstructured":"The Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group: Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2004;81:19\u201325.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098","volume":"19","author":"The Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group: Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos)","year":"2004","unstructured":"The Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group: revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos). Hum Reprod 2004;19:41\u20137.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"9054_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4237","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0178","volume":"91","author":"R Azziz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Escobar-Morreale HF, Futterweit W, Janssen OE, Legro RS, Norman RJ, Taylor AE, Witchel SF. Positions statement: criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an androgen excess society guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:4237\u201345.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103666","volume":"37","author":"TF Gallagher","year":"1958","unstructured":"Gallagher TF, Kappas A, Hellman L, Lipsett MB, Pearson OH, West CD. Adrenocortical hyperfunction in idiopathic hirsutism and the stein-leventhal syndrome. J Clin Invest 1958;37:794\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"9054_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(83)90998-5","volume":"146","author":"RA Wild","year":"1983","unstructured":"Wild RA, Umstot ES, Andersen RN, Ranney GB, Givens JR. Androgen parameters and their correlation with body weight in one hundred thirty-eight women thought to have hyperandrogenism. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983;146:602\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"9054_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)47961-6","volume":"42","author":"DI Hoffman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hoffman DI, Klove K, Lobo RA. The prevalence and significance of elevated dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in anovulatory women. Fertil Steril 1984;42:76\u201381.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-59-3-471","volume":"59","author":"E Steinberger","year":"1984","unstructured":"Steinberger E, Smith KD, Rodriguez-Rigau LJ. Testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in hyperandrogenic women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984;59:471\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03348052","volume":"9","author":"E Carmina","year":"1986","unstructured":"Carmina E, Rosato F, Janni A. Increased DHEAS levels in PCO syndrome: evidence for the existence of two subgroups of patients. J Endocrinol Invest 1986;9:5\u20139.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"9054_CR13","first-page":"804","volume":"79","author":"FV Price","year":"1992","unstructured":"Price FV, Legro RS, Watt-Morse M, Kaplan SS. Chediak\u2013Higashi syndrome in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1992;79:804\u20136.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"9054_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)54592-0","volume":"56","author":"JH Levin","year":"1991","unstructured":"Levin JH, Carmina E, Lobo RA. Is the inappropriate gonadotropin secretion of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome similar to that of patients with adult-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia? Fertil Steril 1991;56:635\u201340.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)56998-2","volume":"62","author":"E Carmina","year":"1994","unstructured":"Carmina E, Lobo RA. Ovarian suppression reduces clinical and endocrine expression of late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Fertil Steril 1994;62:738\u201343.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-63-2-418","volume":"63","author":"D Dewailly","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dewailly D, Vantyghem-Haudiquet MC, Sainsard C, Buvat J, Cappoen JP, Ardaens K, Racadot A, Lefebvre J, Fossati P. Clinical and biological phenotypes in late-onset 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986;63:418\u201323.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.108020","volume":"183","author":"C Moran","year":"2000","unstructured":"Moran C, Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, Fruzzetti F, Ibanez L, Knochenhauer ES, Marcondes JA, Mendonca BB, Pignatelli D, Pugeat M, Rohmer V, Speiser PW, Witchel SF. 21-hydroxylase-deficient nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia is a progressive disorder: a multicenter study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:1468\u201374.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"9054_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-57-2-393","volume":"57","author":"RA Lobo","year":"1983","unstructured":"Lobo RA, Goebelsmann U, Horton R. Evidence for the importance of peripheral tissue events in the development of hirsutism in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983;57:393\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR19","first-page":"1599","volume":"76","author":"L Ibanez","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ibanez L, Potau N, Virdis R, Zampolli M, Terzi C, Gussinye M, Carrascosa A, Vicens-Calvet E. Postpubertal outcome in girls diagnosed of premature pubarche during childhood: increased frequency of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;76:1599\u2013603.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/1054-139X(95)00234-J","volume":"18","author":"D Miller","year":"1996","unstructured":"Miller D, Emans SJ, Kohane I. Follow-up study of adolescent girls with a history of premature pubarche. J Adolesc Health 1996;18:301\u20135.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"9054_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)81396-9","volume":"67","author":"L Ibanez","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ibanez L, Potau N, Zampolli M, Street ME, Carrascosa A. Girls diagnosed with premature pubarche show an exaggerated ovarian androgen synthesis from the early stages of puberty: Evidence from gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist testing. Fertil Steril 1997;67:849\u201355.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2002.01579.x","volume":"57","author":"T Meas","year":"2002","unstructured":"Meas T, Chevenne D, Thibaud E, Leger J, Cabrol S, Czernichow P, Levy-Marchal C. Endocrine consequences of premature pubarche in post-pubertal Caucasian girls. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2002;57:101\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"9054_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1006\/bmme.1997.2632","volume":"62","author":"SF Witchel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Witchel SF, Lee PA, Suda-Hartman M, Hoffman EP. Hyperandrogenism and manifesting heterozygotes for 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Biochem Mol Med 1997;62:151\u20138.","journal-title":"Biochem Mol Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"9054_CR24","first-page":"1315","volume":"13","author":"SF Witchel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Witchel SF, Aston CE. The role of heterozygosity for CYP21 in the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2000;13 Suppl 5:1315\u201317.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1998.3811205.x","volume":"48","author":"LS Ostlere","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ostlere LS, Rumsby G, Holownia P, Jacobs HS, Rustin MH, Honour JW. Carrier status for steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency is only one factor in the variable phenotype of acne. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1998;48:209\u201315.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"9054_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02521.x","volume":"64","author":"O Admoni","year":"2006","unstructured":"Admoni O, Israel S, Lavi I, Gur M, Tenenbaum-Rakover Y. Hyperandrogenism in carriers of CYP21 mutations: the role of genotype. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006;64:645\u201351.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"9054_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.10.027","volume":"83","author":"SF Witchel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Witchel SF, Kahsar-Miller M, Aston CE, White C, Azziz R. Prevalence of CYP21 mutations and IRS1 variant among women with polycystic ovary syndrome and adrenal androgen excess. Fertil Steril 2005;83:371\u20135.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00536-6","volume":"71","author":"C Moran","year":"1999","unstructured":"Moran C, Knochenhauer E, Boots LR, Azziz R. Adrenal androgen excess in hyperandrogenism: Relation to age and body mass. Fertil Steril 1999;71:671\u20134.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.12.1.0053","volume":"12","author":"Q Guo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Guo Q, Kumar TR, Woodruff T, Hadsell LA, DeMayo FJ, Matzuk MM. Overexpression of mouse follistatin causes reproductive defects in transgenic mice. Mol Endocrinol 1998;12:96\u2013106.","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"9054_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1019416","volume":"9","author":"R Azziz","year":"1991","unstructured":"Azziz R, Koulianos G. Adrenal androgens and reproductive aging in females. Semin Reprod Endocrinol 1991;9:249\u201360.","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Endocrinol"},{"key":"9054_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91779-A","volume":"167","author":"E Carmina","year":"1992","unstructured":"Carmina E, Koyama T, Chang L, Stanczyk FZ, Lobo RA. Does ethnicity influence the prevalence of adrenal hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;167:1807\u201312.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"9054_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02256.x","volume":"62","author":"A Kumar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kumar A, Woods KS, Bartolucci AA, Azziz R. Prevalence of adrenal androgen excess in patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos). Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2005;62:644\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"9054_CR33","first-page":"810","volume":"78","author":"R Azziz","year":"1994","unstructured":"Azziz R, Dewailly D, Owerbach D. Clinical review 56: nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia: current concepts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;78:810\u201315.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199410133311502","volume":"331","author":"J Derksen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Derksen J, Nagesser SK, Meinders AE, Haak HR, van de Velde CJ. Identification of virilizing adrenal tumors in hirsute women. N Engl J Med 1994;331:968\u201373.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9054_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-42-6-1005","volume":"42","author":"S Korth-Schutz","year":"1976","unstructured":"Korth-Schutz S, Levine LS, New MI. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS) levels, a rapid test for abnormal adrenal androgen secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1976;42:1005\u20131013.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR36","first-page":"69","volume":"57","author":"RA Lobo","year":"1981","unstructured":"Lobo RA, Paul WL, Goebelsmann U. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate as an indicator of adrenal androgen function. Obstet Gynecol 1981;57:69\u201373.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"9054_CR37","first-page":"213","volume-title":"Androgen excess disorders in women: polycystic ovary syndrome and other disorders","author":"B Yildiz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yildiz B, Carmina E, Azziz R. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysfunction in the polycystic ovary syndrome. In: Azziz R, Nestler J, Dewailly D, editors. Androgen excess disorders in women: Polycystic ovary syndrome and other disorders. Totowa, New Jersey: Humana Press; 2006. pp. 213\u201322."},{"key":"9054_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-72-5-1025","volume":"72","author":"R Azziz","year":"1991","unstructured":"Azziz R, Gay FL, Potter SR, Bradley E, Jr., Boots LR. The effects of prolonged hypertestosteronemia on adrenocortical biosynthesis in oophorectomized women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;72:1025\u201330.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00033-8","volume":"69","author":"R Azziz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Azziz R, Rittmaster RS, Fox LM, Bradley EL, Jr., Potter HD, Boots LR. Role of the ovary in the adrenal androgen excess of hyperandrogenic women. Fertil Steril 1998;69:851\u20139.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR40","first-page":"1017","volume":"84","author":"GA Hines","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hines GA, Azziz R. Impact of architectural disruption on adrenocortical steroidogenesis in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:1017\u201321.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)02014-3","volume":"76","author":"GA Hines","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hines GA, Smith ER, Azziz R. Influence of insulin and testosterone on adrenocortical steroidogenesis in vitro: preliminary studies. Fertil Steril 2001;76:730\u20135.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(99)00402-1","volume":"72","author":"R Huerta","year":"1999","unstructured":"Huerta R, Dewailly D, Decanter C, Knochenhauer ES, Boots LR, Azziz R. 11beta-hydroxyandrostenedione and delta5-androstenediol as markers of adrenal androgen production in patients with 21-hydroxylase-deficient nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia. Fertil Steril 1999;72:996\u20131000.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.07.008","volume":"81","author":"C Moran","year":"2004","unstructured":"Moran C, Reyna R, Boots LS, Azziz R. Adrenocortical hyperresponsiveness to corticotropin in polycystic ovary syndrome patients with adrenal androgen excess. Fertil Steril 2004;81:126\u201331.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)04914-2","volume":"79","author":"R Azziz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Azziz R, Ehrmann DA, Legro RS, Fereshetian AG, O\u2019Keefe M, Ghazzi MN. Troglitazone decreases adrenal androgen levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2003;79:932\u20137.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)53697-8","volume":"54","author":"E Carmina","year":"1990","unstructured":"Carmina E, Levin JH, Malizia G, Lobo RA. Ovine corticotropin-releasing factor and dexamethasone responses in hyperandrogenic women. Fertil Steril 1990;54:245\u201350.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1983.tb02976.x","volume":"19","author":"PM Horrocks","year":"1983","unstructured":"Horrocks PM, Kandeel FR, London DR, Butt WR, Lynch SS, Holder G, Logan-Edwards R. Acth function in women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1983;19:143\u201350.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"9054_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3109\/09513599009024976","volume":"4","author":"E Carmina","year":"1990","unstructured":"Carmina E, Lobo RA. Pituitary-adrenal responses to ovine corticotropin-releasing factor in polycystic ovary syndrome and in other hyperandrogenic patients. Gynecol Endocrinol 1990;4:225\u201332.","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"9054_CR48","first-page":"2317","volume":"83","author":"R Azziz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Azziz R, Black V, Hines GA, Fox LM, Boots LR. Adrenal androgen excess in the polycystic ovary syndrome: sensitivity and responsivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:2317\u201323.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-73-6-1327","volume":"73","author":"R Azziz","year":"1991","unstructured":"Azziz R, Wells G, Zacur HA, Acton RT. Abnormalities of 21-hydroxylase gene ratio and adrenal steroidogenesis in hyperandrogenic women with an exaggerated 17-hydroxyprogesterone response to acute adrenal stimulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;73:1327\u201331.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90021-7","volume":"172","author":"R Azziz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Azziz R, Owerbach D. Molecular abnormalities of the 21-hydroxylase gene in hyperandrogenic women with an exaggerated 17-hydroxyprogesterone response to short-term adrenal stimulation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;172:914\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"9054_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/6.11.1829","volume":"6","author":"K Joehrer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Joehrer K, Geley S, Strasser-Wozak EM, Azziz R, Wollmann HA, Schmitt K, Kofler R, White PC. CYP11B1 mutations causing non-classic adrenal hyperplasia due to 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency. Hum Mol Genet 1997;6:1829\u201334.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"9054_CR52","first-page":"2611","volume":"87","author":"C Lutfallah","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lutfallah C, Wang W, Mason JI, Chang YT, Haider A, Rich B, Castro-Magana M, Copeland KC, David R, Pang S. Newly proposed hormonal criteria via genotypic proof for type 2 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:2611\u201322.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030934","volume":"89","author":"G Carbunaru","year":"2004","unstructured":"Carbunaru G, Prasad P, Scoccia B, Shea P, Hopwood N, Ziai F, Chang YT, Myers SE, Mason JI, Pang S. The hormonal phenotype of nonclassic 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B) deficiency in hyperandrogenic females is associated with insulin-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome and is not a variant of inherited HSD3B2 deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:783\u201394.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.05.068","volume":"82","author":"M Kahsar-Miller","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kahsar-Miller M, Boots LR, Bartolucci A, Azziz R. Role of a CYP17 polymorphism in the regulation of circulating dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2004;82:973\u20135.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3109\/09513599309152500","volume":"7","author":"GM Prelevic","year":"1993","unstructured":"Prelevic GM, Wurzburger MI, Balint-Peric L. 24-hour serum cortisol profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 1993;7:179\u201384.","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"9054_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(00)00051-5","volume":"33","author":"M Vogeser","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vogeser M, Halser B, Baron A, Jacob K, Demant T. Corticosteroid-binding globulin and unbound serum cortisol in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Biochem 2000;33:157\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"9054_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1993.tb00519.x","volume":"38","author":"PM Stewart","year":"1993","unstructured":"Stewart PM, Penn R, Holder R, Parton A, Ratcliffe JG, London DR. The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis across the normal menstrual cycle and in polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1993;38:387\u201391.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"9054_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.1250028","volume":"125","author":"C Invitti","year":"1991","unstructured":"Invitti C, Pecori Giraldi F, Dubini A, De Martin M, Cavagnini F. Increased urinary free cortisol and decreased serum corticosteroid-binding globulin in polycystic ovary syndrome. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1991;125:28\u201332.","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)"},{"key":"9054_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2000.00893.x","volume":"52","author":"BR Walker","year":"2000","unstructured":"Walker BR, Rodin A, Taylor NF, Clayton RN. Endogenous inhibitors of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 do not explain abnormal cortisol metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000;52:77\u201380.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"9054_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90664-Q","volume":"335","author":"PM Stewart","year":"1990","unstructured":"Stewart PM, Shackleton CH, Beastall GH, Edwards CR. 5 alpha-reductase activity in polycystic ovary syndrome. Lancet 1990;335:431\u20133.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9054_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5907","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030240","volume":"88","author":"T Tsilchorozidou","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tsilchorozidou T, Honour JW, Conway GS. Altered cortisol metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome: insulin enhances 5alpha-reduction but not the elevated adrenal steroid production rates. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:5907\u201313.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2760","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021875","volume":"88","author":"M Fassnacht","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fassnacht M, Schlenz N, Schneider SB, Wudy SA, Allolio B, Arlt W. Beyond adrenal and ovarian androgen generation: increased peripheral 5 alpha-reductase activity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2760\u201366.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2000.13.3.253","volume":"13","author":"D Chin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chin D, Shackleton C, Prasad VK, Kohn B, David R, Imperato-McGinley J, Cohen H, McMahon DJ, Oberfield SE. Increased 5alpha-reductase and normal 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase metabolism of C19 and C21 steroids in a young population with polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2000;13:253\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199402173300703","volume":"330","author":"A Rodin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rodin A, Thakkar H, Taylor N, Clayton R. Hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome. Evidence of dysregulation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. N Engl J Med 1994;330:460\u20135.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9054_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90280-5","volume":"165","author":"F Gonzalez","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gonzalez F, Hatala DA, Speroff L. Adrenal and ovarian steroid hormone responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;165:535\u201345.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"9054_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-70-4-1096","volume":"70","author":"RS Rittmaster","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rittmaster RS, Thompson DL. Effect of leuprolide and dexamethasone on hair growth and hormone levels in hirsute women: the relative importance of the ovary and the adrenal in the pathogenesis of hirsutism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;70:1096\u2013102.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)54890-0","volume":"57","author":"MI Cedars","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cedars MI, Steingold KA, de Ziegler D, Lapolt PS, Chang RJ, Judd HL. Long-term administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and dexamethasone: assessment of the adrenal role in ovarian dysfunction. Fertil Steril 1992;57:495\u2013500.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR68","first-page":"519","volume":"83","author":"SM Slayden","year":"1998","unstructured":"Slayden SM, Crabbe L, Bae S, Potter HD, Azziz R, Parker CR, Jr. The effect of 17 beta-estradiol on adrenocortical sensitivity, responsiveness, and steroidogenesis in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:519\u201324.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)01698-4","volume":"80","author":"CM Marin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marin CM, Bartolucci A, Azziz R. Prevalence of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients using the homeostatic measurement assessment (HOMA-IR). Fertil Steril 2003;80:274\u20135.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR70","first-page":"165","volume":"84","author":"RS Legro","year":"1999","unstructured":"Legro RS, Kunselman AR, Dodson WC, Dunaif A. Prevalence and predictors of risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective, controlled study in 254 affected women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:165\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR71","first-page":"774","volume":"18","author":"A Dunaif","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dunaif A. Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome: mechanism and implications for pathogenesis. Endocr Rev 1997;18:774\u2013800.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"9054_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-62-5-904","volume":"62","author":"RL Barbieri","year":"1986","unstructured":"Barbieri RL, Makris A, Randall RW, Daniels G, Kistner RW, Ryan KJ. Insulin stimulates androgen accumulation in incubations of ovarian stroma obtained from women with hyperandrogenism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986;62:904\u201310.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-64-1-180","volume":"64","author":"JE Nestler","year":"1987","unstructured":"Nestler JE, Clore JN, Strauss JF, 3rd, Blackard WG. The effects of hyperinsulinemia on serum testosterone, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and cortisol levels in normal women and in a woman with hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987;64:180\u20134.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)01924-1","volume":"80","author":"A Kumar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kumar A, Bartolucci AA, Azziz R. Prevalence of adrenal androgen excess in patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using age-specific dheas levels adjusted for body mass and ethnicity. Fertil Steril 2003;80:46.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.09.046","volume":"85","author":"RP Kauffman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kauffman RP, Baker VM, DiMarino P, Castracane VD. Hyperinsulinemia and circulating dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in white and Mexican American women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2006;85:1010\u201316.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-6-1653","volume":"71","author":"T Falcone","year":"1990","unstructured":"Falcone T, Finegood DT, Fantus IG, Morris D. Androgen response to endogenous insulin secretion during the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test in normal and hyperandrogenic women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;71:1653\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.05.008","volume":"81","author":"L Farah-Eways","year":"2004","unstructured":"Farah-Eways L, Reyna R, Knochenhauer ES, Bartolucci AA, Azziz R. Glucose action and adrenocortical biosynthesis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2004;81:120\u20135.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh145","volume":"19","author":"M Guido","year":"2004","unstructured":"Guido M, Romualdi D, Suriano R, Giuliani M, Costantini B, Apa R, Lanzone A. Effect of pioglitazone treatment on the adrenal androgen response to corticotrophin in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2004;19:534\u20139.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"9054_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16767","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M100040200","volume":"276","author":"W Arlt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Arlt W, Auchus RJ, Miller WL. Thiazolidinediones but not metformin directly inhibit the steroidogenic enzymes p450c17 and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem 2001;276:16767\u201371.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9054_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(99)00407-0","volume":"72","author":"A Marca la","year":"1999","unstructured":"la Marca A, Morgante G, Paglia T, Ciotta L, Cianci A, De Leo V. Effects of metformin on adrenal steroidogenesis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 1999;72:985\u20139.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.4.8398","volume":"87","author":"SA Arslanian","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arslanian SA, Lewy V, Danadian K, Saad R. Metformin therapy in obese adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome and impaired glucose tolerance: amelioration of exaggerated adrenal response to adrenocorticotropin with reduction of insulinemia\/insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:1555\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.19.2.0326","volume":"19","author":"M Ehrhart-Bornstein","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ehrhart-Bornstein M, Hinson JP, Bornstein SR, Scherbaum WA, Vinson GP. Intraadrenal interactions in the regulation of adrenocortical steroidogenesis. Endocr Rev 1998;19:101\u201343.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"9054_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forney JP, Milewich L, Chen GT, Garlock JL, Schwarz BE, Edman CD, MacDonald PC. Aromatization of androstenedione to estrone by human adipose tissue in vitro. Correlation with adipose tissue mass, age, and endometrial neoplasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1981;53:192\u20139.","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-53-1-192"},{"key":"9054_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-53-2-412","volume":"53","author":"GE Ackerman","year":"1981","unstructured":"Ackerman GE, Smith ME, Mendelson CR, MacDonald PC, Simpson ER. Aromatization of androstenedione by human adipose tissue stromal cells in monolayer culture. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1981;53:412\u201317.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR85","first-page":"428","volume":"78","author":"SE Bulun","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bulun SE, Simpson ER. Competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis indicates that levels of aromatase cytochrome p450 transcripts in adipose tissue of buttocks, thighs, and abdomen of women increase with advancing age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;78:428\u201332.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)54535-X","volume":"56","author":"R Azziz","year":"1991","unstructured":"Azziz R, Zacur HA, Parker CR, Jr., Bradley EL, Jr., Boots LR. Effect of obesity on the response to acute adrenocorticotropin stimulation in eumenorrheic women. Fertil Steril 1991;56:427\u201333.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5122(87)90048-X","volume":"9","author":"S Brody","year":"1987","unstructured":"Brody S, Carlstrom K, Lagrelius A, Lunell NO, Mollerstrom G. Adrenal steroids in post-menopausal women: relation to obesity and to bone mineral content. Maturitas 1987;9:25\u201332.","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"9054_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-63-4-860","volume":"63","author":"S Komindr","year":"1986","unstructured":"Komindr S, Kurtz BR, Stevens MD, Karas JG, Bittle JB, Givens JR. Relative sensitivity and responsivity of serum cortisol and two adrenal androgens to alpha-adrenocorticotropin-(1-24) in normal and obese, nonhirsute, eumenorrheic women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986;63:860\u20134.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-978851","volume":"30","author":"V Vicennati","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vicennati V, Calzoni F, Gambineri A, Gagliardi L, Morselli Labate AM, Casimirri F, Pasquali R. Secretion of major adrenal androgens following acth administration in obese women with different body fat distribution. Horm Metab Res 1998;30:133\u20136.","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"9054_CR90","first-page":"1295","volume":"76","author":"RS Rittmaster","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rittmaster RS, Deshwal N, Lehman L. The role of adrenal hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and obesity in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;76:1295\u2013300.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR91","first-page":"1022","volume":"84","author":"PM Stewart","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stewart PM, Boulton A, Kumar S, Clark PM, Shackleton CH. Cortisol metabolism in human obesity: impaired cortisone\u2192cortisol conversion in subjects with central adiposity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:1022\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4093","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.11.6946","volume":"85","author":"V Vicennati","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vicennati V, Pasquali R. Abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in nondepressed women with abdominal obesity and relations with insulin resistance: evidence for a central and a peripheral alteration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:4093\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.0930356","volume":"93","author":"Y Akamine","year":"1980","unstructured":"Akamine Y, Kato K, Ibayashi H. Studies on changes in the concentration of serum adrenal androgens in pubertal twins. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1980;93:356\u201364.","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)"},{"key":"9054_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(85)90023-X","volume":"34","author":"JI Rotter","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rotter JI, Wong FL, Lifrak ET, Parker LN. A genetic component to the variation of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Metabolism 1985;34:731\u20136.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"9054_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(88)90164-3","volume":"37","author":"AW Meikle","year":"1988","unstructured":"Meikle AW, Stringham JD, Woodward MG, Bishop DT. Heritability of variation of plasma cortisol levels. Metabolism 1988;37:514\u20137.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"9054_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(93)90126-9","volume":"42","author":"T Rice","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rice T, Sprecher DL, Borecki IB, Mitchell LE, Laskarzewski PM, Rao DC. The Cincinnati myocardial infarction and hormone family study: family resemblance for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in control and myocardial infarction families. Metabolism 1993;42:1284\u201390.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"9054_CR97","first-page":"2513","volume":"86","author":"R Azziz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Azziz R, Fox LM, Zacur HA, Parker CR, Jr., Boots LR. Adrenocortical secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone in healthy women: highly variable response to adrenocorticotropin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:2513\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR98","first-page":"1273","volume":"79","author":"G Thomas","year":"1994","unstructured":"Thomas G, Frenoy N, Legrain S, Sebag-Lanoe R, Baulieu EE, Debuire B. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels as an individual marker. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;79:1273\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(98)90181-0","volume":"131","author":"AN Nafziger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nafziger AN, Bowlin SJ, Jenkins PL, Pearson TA. Longitudinal changes in dehydroepiandrosterone concentrations in men and women. J Lab Clin Med 1998;131:316\u201323.","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"9054_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5558","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0934","volume":"89","author":"BO Yildiz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yildiz BO, Woods KS, Stanczyk F, Bartolucci A, Azziz R. Stability of adrenocortical steroidogenesis over time in healthy women and women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:5558\u201362.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.5.8387","volume":"87","author":"RS Legro","year":"2002","unstructured":"Legro RS, Kunselman AR, Demers L, Wang SC, Bentley-Lewis R, Dunaif A. Elevated dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels as the reproductive phenotype in the brothers of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:2134\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9054_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.05.045","volume":"86","author":"BO Yildiz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yildiz BO, Goodarzi MO, Guo X, Rotter JI, Azziz R. Heritability of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and their sisters. Fertil Steril 2006;86:1688\u201393.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goodarzi MO, Guo X, Yildiz BO, Stanczyk FZ, Azziz R. Correlation of adrenocorticotropin steroid levels between women with polycystic ovary syndrome and their sisters. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;196:398 e391\u20135; discussion 398 e395\u20136.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.12.009"},{"key":"9054_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)01620-4","volume":"74","author":"M Kahsar-Miller","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kahsar-Miller M, Azziz R, Feingold E, Witchel SF. A variant of the glucocorticoid receptor gene is not associated with adrenal androgen excess in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2000;74:1237\u201340.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9054_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1410132","volume":"141","author":"V Dolzan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dolzan V, Prezelj J, Vidan-Jeras B, Breskvar K. Adrenal 21-hydroxylase gene mutations in Slovenian hyperandrogenic women: evaluation of corticotrophin stimulation and hla polymorphisms in screening for carrier status. Eur J Endocrinol 1999;141:132\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"9054_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2600","volume":"92","author":"MO Goodarzi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goodarzi MO, Antoine HJ, Azziz R. Genes for enzymes regulating dhea sulfonation are associated with levels of dhea-sulfate in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:2659\u201364.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11154-007-9054-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11154-007-9054-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11154-007-9054-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T04:31:20Z","timestamp":1559363480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11154-007-9054-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,12]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11154-007-9054-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-9155","1573-2606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-9155","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,12]]}}}