{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T15:45:32Z","timestamp":1782747932962,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012940","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum T\u00fcbingen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012940","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev Endocr Metab Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recently, obesity has exceeded underweight as the more prevalent form of malnutrition among school age children and adolescents globally. This development highlights the importance of understanding the causes and mechanisms through which childhood obesity manifests. Children\u2019s weight status - and dietary intake - underlie many influences, including maternal weight status. We aimed to examine how maternal overweight and obesity in a prenatal and a postnatal context influence offspring\u2019s dietary intake and their weight status in childhood and adolescence. We searched four databases for studies examining 3- to 17-year-old\u2019s dietary intake in relation to maternal weight status. A PRISMA-guided approach was followed to identify all studies eligible to contribute to our questions and 33 studies that met criteria were identified. Data were extracted and analyzed qualitatively, differencing between the temporal context of maternal overweight\/obesity and several aspects of the child\u2019s dietary intake. Findings were highly heterogenous: Neither of the aspects of dietary intake showed a uniform direction with regards to maternal weight status. There was a tendency to increased adiposity rates among children exposed to postnatal maternal overweight compared to children exposed to prenatal maternal overweight, although the tendency was small. These observations are in line with recent narrative reviews that emphasize the importance of a multitude of factors, rather than the maternal BMI alone, in shaping children\u2019s dietary development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-026-10023-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T02:21:53Z","timestamp":1782699713000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prenatal and postnatal maternal obesity and their associations with child nutrition and weight outcomes: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Maren","family":"M\u00fccke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Dichiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya A.","family":"Funke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmin","family":"Ketel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Ensenauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bea","family":"Klos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Mack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"10023_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1586\/17446651.1.2.233","volume":"1","author":"A Must","year":"2006","unstructured":"Must A, Hollander SA, Economos CD. Childhood obesity: a growing public health concern. Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2006;1:233\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/17446651.1.2.233.","journal-title":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"key":"10023_CR2","unstructured":"UNICEF. Feeding Profit. How food environments are failing children. 2025. https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/reports\/feeding-profit. Accessed 15 Sep 2025."},{"key":"10023_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00397-6","volume":"405","author":"JA Kerr","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kerr JA, Patton GC, Cini KI, Abate YH, Abbas N, Abd Al Magied AHA, et al. Global, regional, and National prevalence of child and adolescent overweight and obesity, 1990\u20132021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the global burden of disease study 2021. Lancet. 2025;405:785\u2013812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00397-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10023_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1993.1014","volume":"22","author":"MK Serdula","year":"1993","unstructured":"Serdula MK, Ivery D, Coates RJ, Freedman DS, Williamson DF, Byers T. Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature. Prev Med. 1993;22:167\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/pmed.1993.1014.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"10023_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.222","volume":"35","author":"JJ Reilly","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reilly JJ, Kelly J. Long-term impact of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence on morbidity and premature mortality in adulthood: systematic review. Int J Obes Nat Publishing Group. 2011;35:891\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ijo.2010.222.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Nat Publishing Group"},{"key":"10023_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15032-z","volume":"23","author":"L-J F\u00f6rster","year":"2023","unstructured":"F\u00f6rster L-J, Vogel M, Stein R, Hilbert A, Breinker JL, B\u00f6ttcher M, et al. Mental health in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. BMC Public Health. 2023;23:135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-023-15032-z.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10023_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56639","DOI":"10.12775\/QS.2024.36.56639","volume":"36","author":"J Spychalski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Spychalski J, Musia\u0142 M, Spychalska M, Dylik A, Gryczy\u0144ska W, Grochowska W, et al. The impact of childhood obesity on mental health: a comprehensive review. Quality in Sport. 2024;36:56639\u201356639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12775\/QS.2024.36.56639.","journal-title":"Quality in Sport"},{"key":"10023_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00047-X","volume":"10","author":"H Jebeile","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jebeile H, Kelly AS, O\u2019Malley G, Baur LA. Obesity in children and adolescents: epidemiology, causes, assessment, and management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;10:351\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00047-X.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10023_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803266","volume":"30","author":"KJ Campbell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Campbell KJ, Crawford DA, Ball K. Family food environment and dietary behaviors likely to promote fatness in 5\u20136 year-old children. Int J Obes Nat Publishing Group. 2006;30:1272\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803266.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Nat Publishing Group"},{"key":"10023_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.35","volume":"16","author":"V Shrewsbury","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shrewsbury V, Wardle J. Socioeconomic status and adiposity in childhood: a systematic review of cross-sectional studies 1990\u20132005. Obesity. 2008;16:275\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/oby.2007.35.","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10023_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1017\/S136898001100036X","volume":"14","author":"VL Cribb","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cribb VL, Jones LR, Rogers IS, Ness AR, Emmett PM. Is maternal education level associated with diet in 10-year-old children? Public Health Nutr. 2011;14:2037\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S136898001100036X.","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10023_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199709253371301","volume":"337","author":"RC Whitaker","year":"1997","unstructured":"Whitaker RC, Wright JA, Pepe MS, Seidel KD, Dietz WH. Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. New Engl J Med Mass Med Soc. 1997;337:869\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199709253371301.","journal-title":"New Engl J Med Mass Med Soc"},{"key":"10023_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-002-0367-1","volume":"41","author":"S Danielzik","year":"2002","unstructured":"Danielzik S, Langn\u00e4se K, Mast M, Spethmann C, M\u00fcller MJ. Impact of parental BMI on the manifestation of overweight 5\u20137 year old children. Eur J Nutr. 2002;41:132\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-002-0367-1.","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"10023_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-6310.2012.00100.x","volume":"8","author":"AM Linabery","year":"2013","unstructured":"Linabery AM, Nahhas RW, Johnson W, Choh AC, Towne B, Odegaard AO, et al. Stronger influence of maternal than paternal obesity on infant and early childhood body mass index: the Fels Longitudinal Study. Pediatr Obes. 2013;8:159\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2047-6310.2012.00100.x.","journal-title":"Pediatr Obes"},{"key":"10023_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00014361","volume":"159","author":"C Maffeis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Maffeis C. Aetiology of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr. 2000;159:S35\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/PL00014361.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10023_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2018.04.018","volume":"127","author":"JM DeJesus","year":"2018","unstructured":"DeJesus JM, Gelman SA, Viechnicki GB, Appugliese DP, Miller AL, Rosenblum KL, et al. An investigation of maternal food intake and maternal food talk as predictors of child food intake. Appetite. 2018;127:356\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appet.2018.04.018.","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"10023_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.S2.539","volume":"101","author":"LL Birch","year":"1998","unstructured":"Birch LL, Fisher JO. Development of eating behaviors among children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 1998;101:539\u201349.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10023_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.2.215","volume":"78","author":"LL Birch","year":"2003","unstructured":"Birch LL, Fisher JO, Davison KK. Learning to overeat: maternal use of restrictive feeding practices promotes girls\u2019 eating in the absence of hunger. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:215\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/78.2.215.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10023_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-021-01047-2","volume":"46","author":"KV Dalrymple","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dalrymple KV, Vogel C, Godfrey KM, Baird J, Harvey NC, Hanson MA, et al. Longitudinal dietary trajectories from preconception to mid-childhood in women and children in the Southampton Women\u2019s Survey and their relation to offspring adiposity: a group-based trajectory modelling approach. Int J Obes. 2022;46:758\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41366-021-01047-2.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"10023_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2016.140","volume":"40","author":"AA Adane","year":"2016","unstructured":"Adane AA, Mishra GD, Tooth LR. Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and childhood physical and cognitive development of children: a systematic review. Int J Obes. 2016;40:1608\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ijo.2016.140.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"10023_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12859","volume":"36","author":"S Eitmann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eitmann S, M\u00e1trai P, N\u00e9meth D, Hegyi P, Luk\u00e1cs A, B\u00e9rczi B, et al. Maternal overnutrition elevates offspring\u2019s blood pressure\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2022;36:276\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ppe.12859.","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"10023_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002817","volume":"16","author":"N Heslehurst","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heslehurst N, Vieira R, Akhter Z, Bailey H, Slack E, Ngongalah L, et al. The association between maternal body mass index and child obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2019;16:e1002817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002817.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10023_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.105906","volume":"88","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Int J Surg. 2021;88:105906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.105906.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10023_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-7-16","volume":"7","author":"C Schardt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schardt C, Adams MB, Owens T, Keitz S, Fontelo P. Utilization of the PICO framework to improve searching PubMed for clinical questions. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2007;7:16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6947-7-16.","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"10023_CR25","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Malnutrition in women. Nutrition Landscape Information System (NLiS). Nutrition and nutrition-related health and development data. 1995. https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/nutrition\/nlis\/info\/malnutrition-in-women. Accessed 19 Sep 2025."},{"key":"10023_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.299","volume":"18","author":"RI Berkowitz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berkowitz RI, Moore RH, Faith MS, Stallings VA, Kral TVE, Stunkard AJ. Identification of an obese eating style in 4-year-old children born at high and low risk for obesity. Obes (Silver Spring). 2010;18:505\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/oby.2009.299.","journal-title":"Obes (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10023_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2009.07.003","volume":"10","author":"TVE Kral","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kral TVE, Stunkard AJ, Berkowitz RI, Stettler N, Stallings VA, Kabay A, et al. Energy density at a buffet-style lunch differs for adolescents born at high and low risk of obesity. Eat Behav. 2009;10:209\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2009.07.003.","journal-title":"Eat Behav"},{"key":"10023_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2018.12.001","volume":"63","author":"L Barros","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barros L, Lopes C, Oliveira A. Child and family characteristics are associated with a dietary variety index in 4-year-old children from the generation XXI cohort. Nutr Res. 2019;63:76\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nutres.2018.12.001.","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"10023_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6137","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980021001476","volume":"24","author":"P Hudson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hudson P, Emmett PM, Taylor CM. Pre-pregnancy maternal BMI classification is associated with preschool childhood diet quality and childhood obesity in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Public Health Nutr. 2021;24:6137\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980021001476.","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10023_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa281","volume":"113","author":"G Appannah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Appannah G, Murray K, Trapp G, Dymock M, Oddy WH, Ambrosini GL. Dietary pattern trajectories across adolescence and early adulthood and their associations with childhood and parental factors. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021;113:36\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa281.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10023_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2018.07.008","volume":"129","author":"E Pitt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pitt E, Cameron CM, Thornton L, Gallegos D, Filus A, Ng S-K, et al. Dietary patterns of Australian children at three and five years of age and their changes over time: a latent class and latent transition analysis. Appetite. 2018;129:207\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appet.2018.07.008.","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"10023_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2020.08.088","volume":"121","author":"LJ Fangupo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fangupo LJ, Haszard JJ, Taylor BJ, Gray AR, Lawrence JA, Taylor RW. Ultra-processed food intake and associations with demographic factors in young new Zealand children. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2021;121:305\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jand.2020.08.088.","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"10023_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.1.41","volume":"86","author":"TV Kral","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kral TV, Stunkard AJ, Berkowitz RI, Stallings VA, Brown DD, Faith MS. Daily food intake in relation to dietary energy density in the free-living environment: a prospective analysis of children born at different risk of obesity2. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86:41\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/86.1.41.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10023_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803551","volume":"31","author":"TVE Kral","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kral TVE, Berkowitz RI, Stunkard AJ, Stallings VA, Brown DD, Faith MS. Dietary energy density increases during early childhood irrespective of familial predisposition to obesity: results from a prospective cohort study. Int J Obes Nat Publ Group. 2007;31:1061\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803551.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Nat Publ Group"},{"key":"10023_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.287","volume":"16","author":"TVE Kral","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kral TVE, Stunkard AJ, Berkowitz RI, Stallings VA, Moore RH, Faith MS. Beverage consumption patterns of children born at different risk of obesity. Obesity. 2008;16:1802\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/oby.2008.287.","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10023_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49986-2","volume":"13","author":"T de Gontijo Castro","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Gontijo Castro T, Lovell A, Santos LP, Jones B, Wall C. Maternal determinants of dietary patterns in infancy and early childhood in the Growing up in New Zealand cohort. Sci Rep. 2023;13:22754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-49986-2.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10023_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa201","volume":"105","author":"JM Alves","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alves JM, Zink J, Chow T, Luo S, Belcher BR, Xiang AH, et al. Contributions of prenatal exposures and child lifestyle to insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105:2413\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa201.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10023_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224830","volume":"14","author":"MM T\u00e9llez-Rojo","year":"2019","unstructured":"T\u00e9llez-Rojo MM, Trejo-Valdivia B, Roberts E, Mu\u00f1oz-Rocha TV, Bautista-Arredondo LF, Peterson KE, et al. Influence of post-partum BMI change on childhood obesity and energy intake. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0224830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0224830.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10023_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(99)00017-6","volume":"99","author":"CC Francis","year":"1999","unstructured":"Francis CC, Bope AA, MaWHINNEY S, Czajka-narins D, Alford BB. Body composition, dietary intake, and energy expenditure in nonobese, prepubertal children of obese and nonobese biological mothers. J Am Diet Assoc. 1999;99:58\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-8223(99)00017-6.","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10023_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S195106","volume":"12","author":"S Pandey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pandey S, Rai S, Paudel N, Shrestha A, Gautam S. Parental child feeding practices and their relationship with children\u2019s dietary intake and weight status in Nepal. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2019;12:325\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JMDH.S195106.","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"key":"10023_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.92","volume":"68","author":"Z Pei","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pei Z, Flexeder C, Fuertes E, Standl M, Berdel D, von Berg A, et al. Mother\u2019s body mass index and food intake in school-aged children: results of the GINIplus and the LISAplus studies. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014;68:898\u2013906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ejcn.2014.92.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10023_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2020.104701","volume":"151","author":"TVE Kral","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kral TVE, Moore RH, Chittams J, O\u2019Malley L, Jones E, Quinn RJ, et al. Caloric compensation and appetite control in children of different weight status and predisposition to obesity. Appetite. 2020;151:104701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appet.2020.104701.","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"10023_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030640","volume":"12","author":"C Qiu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qiu C, Hou M. Association between food preferences, eating behaviors and socio-demographic factors, physical activity among children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Nutrients. 2020;12:640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12030640.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10023_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23779608221082962","volume":"8","author":"M Montgomery","year":"2022","unstructured":"Montgomery M, Johnson P, Ewell P. A comparative analysis of rural versus urban preschool children\u2019s sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, body mass index and parent\u2019s weight status. SAGE Open Nurs. 2022;8:23779608221082962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23779608221082962.","journal-title":"SAGE Open Nurs"},{"key":"10023_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children8050385","volume":"8","author":"D Lopez-Gonzalez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lopez-Gonzalez D, Avila-Rosano F, Montiel-Ojeda D, Ortiz-Obregon M, Reyes-Delpech P, Diaz-Escobar L, et al. Maternal factors and their association with patterns of beverage intake in Mexican children and adolescents. Children. 2021;8:385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children8050385.","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"10023_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2017.62","volume":"71","author":"C Cadenas-Sanchez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cadenas-Sanchez C, Henriksson P, Henriksson H, Delisle Nystr\u00f6m C, Pomeroy J, Ruiz JR, et al. Parental body mass index and its association with body composition, physical fitness and lifestyle factors in their 4-year-old children: results from the MINISTOP trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017;71:1200\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ejcn.2017.62.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10023_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/63.4.507","volume":"63","author":"T Nguyen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nguyen T, Larson DE, Johnson RK, Goran MI. Fat intake and adiposity in children of lean and obese parents. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996;63:507\u201313.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10023_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/nbu.12683","volume":"49","author":"NH Hasmuni Chew","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hasmuni Chew NH, Mohd Saat NZ, Wong JE, Lee ST, Singh-Povel CM, Khouw I, et al. A cross-sectional study on the dietary patterns of multiethnic Malaysian preschoolers and their sociodemographic determinants. Nutr Bull. 2024;49:294\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nbu.12683.","journal-title":"Nutr Bull"},{"key":"10023_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-018-1651-z","volume":"58","author":"LA van der Velde","year":"2019","unstructured":"van der Velde LA, Nguyen AN, Schoufour JD, Geelen A, Jaddoe VWV, Franco OH, et al. Diet quality in childhood: the Generation R Study. Eur J Nutr. 2019;58:1259\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-018-1651-z.","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"10023_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-024-03435-6","volume":"63","author":"C Venegas Hargous","year":"2024","unstructured":"Venegas Hargous C, Orellana L, Corvalan C, Strugnell C, Allender S, Bell C. Chilean children\u2019s adherence to sustainable healthy diets and its associations with sociodemographic and anthropometric factors: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Nutr. 2024;63:2459\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-024-03435-6.","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"10023_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2008.01.012","volume":"51","author":"K Kr\u00f6ller","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kr\u00f6ller K, Warschburger P. Associations between maternal feeding style and food intake of children with a higher risk for overweight. Appetite. 2008;51:166\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appet.2008.01.012.","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"10023_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-020-00583-3","volume":"19","author":"C Venegas Hargous","year":"2020","unstructured":"Venegas Hargous C, Reyes M, Smith Taillie L, Gonz\u00e1lez CG, Corval\u00e1n C. Consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners by pre-schoolers of the food and environment Chilean cohort (FECHIC) before the implementation of the Chilean food labelling and advertising law. Nutr J. 2020;19:69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12937-020-00583-3.","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"10023_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980017002452","volume":"21","author":"LA Mais","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mais LA, Warkentin S, Vega JB, Latorre M, Carnell S, Taddei J. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioural risk factors for ultra-processed food consumption in a sample of 2\u20139-year-olds in Brazil. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21:77\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980017002452.","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10023_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4136","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15194136","volume":"15","author":"M Senekal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Senekal M, Nel JH, Eksteen G, Steyn NP. Dietary patterns, socio-demographic predictors thereof, and associations of dietary patterns with stunting and overweight\/obesity in 1\u2013<10-year-old children in two economically active provinces in South Africa. Nutrients. 2023;15:4136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15194136.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10023_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2008.10.009","volume":"109","author":"Y Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang Y, Li J, Caballero B. Resemblance in dietary intakes between urban low-income African American adolescents and their mothers: the HEALTH-KIDS study. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109:52\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jada.2008.10.009.","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10023_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12046","volume":"10","author":"SH Kehoe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kehoe SH, Krishnaveni GV, Veena SR, Guntupalli AM, Margetts BM, Fall CHD, et al. Diet patterns are associated with demographic factors and nutritional status in South Indian children. Matern Child Nutr. 2013;10:145\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mcn.12046.","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"key":"10023_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6113.603","volume":"1","author":"EM Poskitt","year":"1978","unstructured":"Poskitt EM, Cole TJ. Nature, nurture, and childhood overweight. Br Med J. 1978;1:603\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.1.6113.603.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10023_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30107-3","volume":"5","author":"KM Godfrey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Godfrey KM, Reynolds RM, Prescott SL, Nyirenda M, Jaddoe VWV, Eriksson JG, et al. Influence of maternal obesity on the long-term health of offspring. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5:53\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30107-3.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10023_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5125","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14235125","volume":"14","author":"A Mannino","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mannino A, Sarapis K, Moschonis G. The effect of maternal overweight and obesity pre-pregnancy and during childhood in the development of obesity in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review. Nutrients Multidiscip Digit Publishing Inst. 2022;14:5125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14235125.","journal-title":"Nutrients Multidiscip Digit Publishing Inst"},{"key":"10023_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2021.108921","volume":"205","author":"MH Vickers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vickers MH. Early life nutrition and neuroendocrine programming. Neuropharmacology. 2022;205:108921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2021.108921.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10023_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2018.07.004","volume":"29","author":"S Lecoutre","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lecoutre S, Petrus P, Ryd\u00e9n M, Breton C. Transgenerational epigenetic mechanisms in adipose tissue development. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2018;29:675\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2018.07.004.","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10023_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-003-1053-4","volume":"46","author":"G Fr\u00fchbeck","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fr\u00fchbeck G, G\u00f3mez-Ambrosi J. Control of body weight: a physiologic and transgenic perspective. Diabetologia. 2003;46:143\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-003-1053-4.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10023_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-020-01075-7","volume":"18","author":"R Raab","year":"2021","unstructured":"Raab R, Michel S, G\u00fcnther J, Hoffmann J, Stecher L, Hauner H. Associations between lifestyle interventions during pregnancy and childhood weight and growth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2021;18:8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12966-020-01075-7.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"10023_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12628","volume":"14","author":"KV Dalrymple","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dalrymple KV, Martyni-Orenowicz J, Flynn AC, Poston L, O\u2019Keeffe M. Can antenatal diet and lifestyle interventions influence childhood obesity? A systematic review. Matern Child Nutr. 2018;14:e12628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mcn.12628.","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"key":"10023_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-025-00617-z","volume":"14","author":"U Hussain","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hussain U, Ziauddeen N, Taylor E, Alwan NA. The relationship between paternal smoking and overweight\/obesity with childhood overweight\/obesity: a systematic review. Curr Obes Rep. 2025;14:27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13679-025-00617-z.","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep"},{"key":"10023_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2011.198","volume":"36","author":"E Freeman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Freeman E, Fletcher R, Collins CE, Morgan PJ, Burrows T, Callister R. Preventing and treating childhood obesity: time to target fathers. Int J Obes. 2012;36:12\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ijo.2011.198.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"10023_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28838","volume":"91","author":"KL Whitaker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Whitaker KL, Jarvis MJ, Beeken RJ, Boniface D, Wardle J. Comparing maternal and paternal intergenerational transmission of obesity risk in a large population-based sample. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91:1560\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28838.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10023_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.24.6.548","volume":"24","author":"LA Francis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Francis LA, Birch LL, American Psychological Association. Maternal influences on daughters\u2019 restrained eating behavior. Health Psychol. 2005;24:548\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0278-6133.24.6.548.","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"10023_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14120655","volume":"14","author":"E \u0141uszczki","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u0141uszczki E, Wyszy\u0144ska J, Dymek A, Dro\u017cd\u017c D, Gonz\u00e1lez-Ramos L, Hartgring I, et al. The effect of maternal diet and lifestyle on the risk of childhood obesity. Metabolites Multidisciplinary Digit Publishing Inst. 2024;14:655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/metabo14120655.","journal-title":"Metabolites Multidisciplinary Digit Publishing Inst"}],"container-title":["Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11154-026-10023-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11154-026-10023-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11154-026-10023-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T15:03:22Z","timestamp":1782745402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11154-026-10023-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["10023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11154-026-10023-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-9155","1573-2606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-9155","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable, but the protocol of this systematic review was registered at PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42023403695) and it was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable; all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}