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Fourth- and fifth-grade students and their teachers discussed four literary fiction books in small groups, with children taking the lead by asking their own questions, engaging in dialogue, and challenging one another. The books addressed topics such as intergroup exclusion, inclusive group norms, and civil courage. A total of 744 children participated in pre- and posttest assessments. The 41 classrooms were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control group. Children\u2019s intergroup attitudes were assessed using measures of intended intergroup contact, sympathy, and peer nominations indicating preferences for outgroup classmates. Inclusive classroom norms were assessed by having children rate their classmates\u2019 intergroup-inclusive behaviors and fairness. Multilevel analyses revealed positive effects of the literary program on most intergroup attitudes and inclusive norms. However, these effects were small and emerged primarily among specific subgroups (i.e., children without a migration background, and in the younger grade level). We discuss the opportunities and challenges of using literary education as an integrated approach to promote both language development and social inclusion in schools.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11218-026-10179-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T14:04:49Z","timestamp":1772201089000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Promoting intergroup inclusion through literary discussions in fourth and fifth grades"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0407-7243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciano","family":"Gasser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3219-6391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Frei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1616-0151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvonne","family":"Dammert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9216-7183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Preisig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9375-3041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Egger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"10179_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aboud, F. 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