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This paper proposes and promotes three key messages: first, that the return on public investment cannot be assessed without consistent public reporting on utilisation, research outputs, and cost-effectiveness for all publicly funded HPC systems; second, that publicly funded HPC systems should be subject to mandatory, standardised reporting on energy consumption, carbon emissions, with information on what happens when a system is decommissioned; and third, that the conflation of AI and HPC in UK policy is a strategic error. Instead, HPC is the underpinning infrastructure, and AI is one of many types of applications using that infrastructure, alongside numerical modelling and simulation. Treating AI and HPC as separate, competing workloads risks under-serving the wider research community that depends upon that shared infrastructure, resulting in a weakening rather than strengthening of the UK\u2019s national compute capability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-026-08946-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:42:10Z","timestamp":1792665730000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sustainable high performance computing in the UK: a position paper on public investment, accountability, and the path to net zero"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Laizet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudhir Rama","family":"Murthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pelin","family":"Demirel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Childs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Danopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Aston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mich\u00e8le","family":"Weiland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"8946_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson A, Simpson A, Turner A (2023) Emissions and energy efficiency on large-scale high performance computing facilities: ARCHER2 UK national supercomputing service case study. 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