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This study describes a new species of\n                    <jats:italic>Kudoa<\/jats:italic>\n                    in toadfish\n                    <jats:italic>Batrachoides surinamensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In 60 % of specimens of\n                    <jats:italic>B. surinamensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    collected in the eastern Amazon, elongated white plasmodia were observed in the swim bladder muscle. Subquadrate myxospores measuring 5.6 \u00b5m in length, 7.5 \u00b5m in width, and 5.5 \u00b5m in thickness were recorded, with four polar capsules measuring 2.5 \u00b5m in length and 1.5 \u00b5m in width. Morphologically and morphometrically, these myxospores differ from those of other\n                    <jats:italic>Kudoa<\/jats:italic>\n                    species found in Amazonian fish. Histopathological analysis revealed that compression caused by plasmodia in muscle fibers, although no inflammatory infiltrates were observed. The Small subunit ribosomal (SSU) DNA sequence showed 97% similarity with a\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    -distance of 1.3% from\n                    <jats:italic>K. viseuensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In phylogeny, the new species formed a subclade with the species described in the Brazilian Amazon that infects fish from both marine and freshwater environments. The novel infection site, along with the morphological and molecular characteristics, supports the designation of a new species infecting the swim bladder musculature of\n                    <jats:italic>B. surinamensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11230-026-10269-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T07:20:25Z","timestamp":1775460025000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["New species of Kudoa Meglitsch, 1947 (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) infecting the swim bladder musculature of Batrachoides surinamensis (Bloch &amp; Shneider) (Batracoidiformes: Batrachoididae)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5642-5361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jhonata","family":"Eduard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9637-366X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Eduarda Soares","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9700-6374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Alzirene","family":"de Souza Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8784-0891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ledamir","family":"Sindeaux-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2525-423X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2221-1995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evonnildo Costa","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10269_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PT.2021.01.010\/ATTACHMENT\/903B0136-BA18-405E-BC2C-AEDA51E32CC1\/MMC1.DOCX","volume":"37","author":"G Alama-Bermejo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alama-Bermejo, G., & Holzer, A. 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