{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:11:22Z","timestamp":1790806282181,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,13]],"date-time":"2019-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,13]],"date-time":"2019-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nanjing Science and Technology Development Foundation","award":["ZKX18042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZKX18042"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Thromb Thrombolysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is an acute and severe disease with high mortality, which is prone to be misdiagnosed or ignored especially when complicated with tuberculosis\u00a0(TB). Even though TB has been considered as a risk factor for PTE, there is rare report of TB with PTE worldwide. Which TB patients are more susceptible to PTE is still not clear. Here, we described a case report of PTE with pulmonary TB\u00a0in a 28-year-old man, who had no risk factors for pulmonary thrombosis at admission and developed a medium-high PTE after initiating anti-TB therapy. After local thrombolysis with interventional therapy and sequential intravenous thrombolysis, combined with long-term anticoagulation, the PTE of the patient disappeared. At follow-up of 4\u2009months, the patient was re-examined with chest enhanced CT and no obvious emboli was found. We emphasize that acute or severe TB infection should be included in the thromboembolism risk assessment and prophylactic use of anticoagulants may be considered even if there are no other obvious risk factors. Interventional therapy is a good option for thrombolysis treatment if hospital condition permits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-019-01967-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,13]],"date-time":"2019-10-13T14:03:40Z","timestamp":1570975420000},"page":"644-650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Severe pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with insidious pulmonary thromboembolism: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Lili","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyang","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1526-4677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"147","key":"1967_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170077","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0077-2017","volume":"27","author":"S Ravimohan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ravimohan S et al (2018) Tuberculosis and lung damage: from epidemiology to pathophysiology. Eur Respir Rev 27(147):170077","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1967_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-019-1334-y","volume":"20","author":"E Nemati","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nemati E et al (2019) Ethambutol-loaded solid lipid nanoParticles as dry powder inhalable formulation for tuberculosis therapy. AAPS PharmSciTech 20(3):120","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"issue":"11","key":"1967_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a017889","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a017889","volume":"5","author":"M Bates","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bates M, Marais BJ, Zumla A (2015) Tuberculosis comorbidity with communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Med 5(11):a017889","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1967_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2018.12.013","volume":"103","author":"E-O Essien","year":"2019","unstructured":"Essien E-O, Rali P, Mathai SC (2019) Pulmonary embolism. Med Clin North Am 103(3):549\u2013564","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"1967_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-015-1311-6","volume":"41","author":"JA Heit","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heit JA, Spencer FA, White RH (2016) The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis 41(1):3\u201314","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1967_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s41935-018-0080-8","volume":"8","author":"T Kondo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kondo T et al (2018) Autopsy case of acute pulmonary thromboembolism with neurosyphilis. Egypt J Forensic Sci 8(1):47","journal-title":"Egypt J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1967_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-3185-y","volume":"37","author":"M Ceccarelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ceccarelli M, Venanzi Rullo E, Nunnari G (2018) Risk factors of venous thrombo-embolism during cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompetent individuals. A systematic review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 37(3):381\u2013390","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1967_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccm.0000551413.00220.6f","volume":"47","author":"J Salonia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salonia J et al (2019) 661: severe mycoplasma pneumoniae infection presenting with status asthmaticus, ARDS, and thromboembolism. Crit Care Med 47(1):311","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1967_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.09.015","volume":"131","author":"KP Cohoon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cohoon KP et al (2018) Is infection an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism? A population-based, case-control study. Am J Med 131(3):307\u2013316.e2","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1967_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_49_17","volume":"6","author":"A Gupta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gupta A, Dixit R (2017) Pulmonary tuberculosis: a neglected risk factor for deep venous thrombosis. Int J Mycobacteriol 6(2):184\u2013186","journal-title":"Int J Mycobacteriol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1967_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2014.10.006","volume":"70","author":"LM Kager","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kager LM et al (2015) Pulmonary tuberculosis induces a systemic hypercoagulable state. J Infect 70(4):324\u2013334","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"11","key":"1967_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26861","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026861","volume":"6","author":"Y Yang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang Y et al (2011) Pulmonary embolism incidence and fatality trends in Chinese hospitals from 1997 to 2008: a Multicenter Registration Study. PLoS ONE 6(11):e26861","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"1967_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit780","volume":"58","author":"C Dentan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dentan C et al (2014) Active tuberculosis and venous thromboembolism: association according to international classification of diseases, ninth revision hospital discharge diagnosis codes. Clin Infect Dis 58(4):495\u2013501","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"1967_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14016","volume":"16","author":"FA Klok","year":"2018","unstructured":"Klok FA, Delcroix M, Bogaard HJ (2018) Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension from the perspective of patients with pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Haemost 16(6):1040\u20131051","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"10063","key":"1967_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3060","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30514-1","volume":"388","author":"M Di Nisio","year":"2016","unstructured":"Di Nisio M, van Es N, B\u00fcller HR (2016) Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Lancet 388(10063):3060\u20133073","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"1967_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1177\/0218492313485071","volume":"22","author":"K Hamida","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hamida K et al (2014) Pulmonary embolism and tuberculosis. Asian Cardiovasc Thoracic Ann 22(4):487","journal-title":"Asian Cardiovasc Thoracic Ann"},{"issue":"3","key":"1967_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1159\/000091188","volume":"73","author":"M Ambrosetti","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ambrosetti M et al (2006) Incidence of venous thromboembolism in tuberculosis patients. Respiration 73(3):396","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"6","key":"1967_CR18","first-page":"529","volume":"29","author":"Q Gai","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gai Q, Hua WLH, Ji S, Chang (2007) Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. Chin J Antituberc 29(6):529\u2013531","journal-title":"Chin J Antituberc"},{"issue":"3","key":"1967_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.5603\/PiAP.2014.0031","volume":"82","author":"S Marcin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marcin S et al (2014) Pulmonary embolism in a young male with tuberculosis and factor V Leiden. Pneumonol I Alergol Polska 82(3):264\u2013270","journal-title":"Pneumonol I Alergol Polska"},{"issue":"1","key":"1967_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000281","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2018-000281","volume":"5","author":"LS Howard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Howard LS et al (2018) British Thoracic Society Guideline for the initial outpatient management of pulmonary embolism. BMJ Open Respir Res 5(1):e000281","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1967_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2009.24.2.123","volume":"24","author":"C Won-Ho","year":"2009","unstructured":"Won-Ho C et al (2009) The pulmonary embolism severity index in predicting the prognosis of patients with pulmonary embolism. Korean J Intern Med 24(2):123\u2013127","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1967_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000550","volume":"31","author":"DM Ruohoniemi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ruohoniemi DM et al (2018) Perioperative pulmonary thromboembolism: current concepts and treatment options. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 31(1):75\u201382","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"1967_CR23","first-page":"6516791","volume":"2017","author":"C Yan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yan C et al (2017) Recent progress in research on the pathogenesis of pulmonary thromboembolism: an old story with new perspectives. Biomed Res Int 2017:6516791","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"1967_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20180297","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-3713\/e20180297","volume":"45","author":"CH Miranda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miranda CH (2019) Use of thrombolytic agents in the treatment of acute pulmonary thromboembolism: things are not as simple as you might thinkReflections on the use of thrombolytic agents in acute pulmonary embolismReperfusion in acute pulmonary thromboembolismFibrinolysis for patients with intermediate-risk pulmonary embolismImpact of Thrombolytic Therapy on the Long-Term Outcome of Intermediate-Risk Pulmonary Embolism. J Bras Pneumol 45(1):e20180297","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11239-019-01967-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11239-019-01967-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11239-019-01967-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]],"date-time":"2020-10-11T23:14:56Z","timestamp":1602458096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11239-019-01967-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,13]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1967"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11239-019-01967-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0929-5305","1573-742X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0929-5305","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-742X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 October 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from Institutional Review Board of the Second Hospital of Nanjing for this study (2018-LS-ky017). Informed consent for reviewing the medical records and publication was signed by the patient himself.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}]}}