{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T14:31:19Z","timestamp":1774362679596,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Thromb Thrombolysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been linked to a higher risk of mortality compared to influenza, which is mainly due to severe secondary diseases, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In turn, ARDS is characterized by an acute inflammation and an excessive activity of the coagulation cascade, rising the vulnerability for venous thromboembolic events. In order to investigate the relation of inflammation and the influence of coagulation factors on their release, human peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) were treated with autologous serum, heparinized plasma and different doses of fibrin. Thereafter, the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the secretome of PBMCs was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our analyses revealed autologous serum to significantly increase the secretion of cytokines and chemokines after 24\u00a0h of incubation time. Furthermore, the addition of fibrin markedly increased the secretion of cytokines and chemokines by PBMCs in a dose-dependent manner. Consequently, in accordance with previous studies, our study outlines that anti-coagulation may constitute a promising tool for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2, reducing both, the cytokine storm, as well as the risk for thrombotic complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-020-02212-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T19:03:16Z","timestamp":1594062196000},"page":"226-231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Anti-coagulation for COVID-19 treatment: both anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Vera","family":"Paar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Wernly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhichao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukas J.","family":"Motloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uta C.","family":"Hoppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Egle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lichtenauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2212_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05985-9","author":"H Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang H, Penninger JM, Li Y et al (2020) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target. Intensive Care Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-020-05985-9","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2212_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E040","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112147-20200311-00312","volume":"43","author":"T Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang T, Sun LX, Feng RE (2020) Comparison of clinical and pathological features between severe acute respiratory syndrome and coronavirus disease 2019. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi Zhonghua Jiehe He Huxi Zazhi Chin J Tuberc Respir Dis 43:E040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.cn112147-20200311-00312","journal-title":"Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi Zhonghua Jiehe He Huxi Zazhi Chin J Tuberc Respir Dis"},{"key":"2212_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281-292.e6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.058","volume":"181","author":"AC Walls","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walls AC, Park Y-J, Tortorici MA et al (2020) Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Cell 181:281-292.e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.058","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2212_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4683","author":"G Onder","year":"2020","unstructured":"Onder G, Rezza G, Brusaferro S (2020) Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to COVID-19 in Italy. JAMA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.4683","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2212_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924","author":"C-C Lai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lai C-C, Shih T-P, Ko W-C et al (2020) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2212_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202004-1076ED","author":"MJ Tobin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tobin MJ (2020) Basing respiratory management of coronavirus on physiological principles. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202004-1076ED","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2212_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","volume":"395","author":"F Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou F, Yu T, Du R et al (2020) Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Lond Engl 395:1054\u20131062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"key":"2212_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25829","author":"E Terpos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Terpos E, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Elalamy I et al (2020) Hematological findings and complications of COVID-19. Am J Hematol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.25829","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"2212_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.04.031","author":"B Bikdeli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bikdeli B, Madhavan MV, Jimenez D et al (2020) COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.04.031","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2212_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa254","volume":"41","author":"GB Danzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Danzi GB, Loffi M, Galeazzi G, Gherbesi E (2020) Acute pulmonary embolism and COVID-19 pneumonia: a random association? Eur Heart J 41:1858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa254","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2212_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047430","author":"J Poissy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Poissy J, Goutay J, Caplan M et al (2020) Pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients: awareness of an increased prevalence. Circulation. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047430","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2212_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1003.030683","volume":"10","author":"E Vicenzi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vicenzi E, Canducci F, Pinna D et al (2004) Coronaviridae and SARS-associated Coronavirus Strain HSR1. Emerg Infect Dis 10:413\u2013418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid1003.030683","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2212_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-020-02105-8","author":"S Yin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yin S, Huang M, Li D, Tang N (2020) Difference of coagulation features between severe pneumonia induced by SARS-CoV2 and non-SARS-CoV2. J Thromb Thrombolysis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11239-020-02105-8","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"2212_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.02.20029975","author":"Y Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang Y, Shen C, Li J et al (2020) Exuberant elevation of IP-10, MCP-3 and IL-1ra during SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with disease severity and fatal outcome. medRxiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.03.02.20029975","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"2212_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029619843338","author":"P Patel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patel P, Walborn A, Rondina M et al (2019) Markers of inflammation and infection in sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Clin Appl Thromb. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1076029619843338","journal-title":"Clin Appl Thromb"},{"key":"2212_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(20)30109-5","author":"T Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang T, Chen R, Liu C et al (2020) Attention should be paid to venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in the management of COVID-19. Lancet Haematol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-3026(20)30109-5","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"2212_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2009787","author":"TJ Oxley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oxley TJ, Mocco J, Majidi S et al (2020) Large-vessel stroke as a presenting feature of Covid-19 in the young. N Engl J Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc2009787","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2212_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14817","author":"N Tang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tang N, Bai H, Chen X et al (2020) Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy. J Thromb Haemost JTH. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jth.14817","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost JTH"}],"container-title":["Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11239-020-02212-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11239-020-02212-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11239-020-02212-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T23:45:12Z","timestamp":1625528712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11239-020-02212-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["2212"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11239-020-02212-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0929-5305","1573-742X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0929-5305","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-742X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 July 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}