{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:04:36Z","timestamp":1791187476198,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,30]],"date-time":"2013-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377820800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trop Anim Health Prod"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-013-0459-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,28]],"date-time":"2013-08-28T22:47:08Z","timestamp":1377730028000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["The role of leptospirosis in reproductive disorders in horses"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Camila","family":"Hamond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Pinna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Lilenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"459_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.012","volume":"140","author":"B Adler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adler, B. and de la Pe\u00f1a Moctezuma, A., 2010. Leptospira and leptospirosis, Veterinary Microbiology, 140, 287\u2013296.","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"459_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, H. and Saeid, S., 2012. Seroprevalence of leptospiral infection in horses, donkeys and mules in East Azerbaijan province, African Journal of Microbiology Research, 6, 4384\u20134387.","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMRx11.034"},{"key":"459_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2007.10.012","volume":"105","author":"DA Athanazio","year":"2008","unstructured":"Athanazio, D.A., Silva, E.F., Santos, C.S., Rocha, G.M., Vannier-Santos, M.A., McBride, A.J., Ko, A.I. and Reis, M.G., 2008. Rattus norvegicus as a model for persistent renal colonization by pathogenic Leptospira interrogans, Acta Tropica, 105, 176\u2013180.","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"459_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-51-15","volume":"51","author":"V B\u00e5verud","year":"2009","unstructured":"B\u00e5verud, V., Gunnarsson, A., Engvall, E.O., Franz\u00e9n, P. and Egenvall, A., 2009. Leptospira seroprevalence and associations between seropositivity, clinical disease and host factors in horses, Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 51, 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica"},{"key":"459_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-011-9931-3","volume":"62","author":"VA Barragan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barragan, V.A., Mejia, M.E., Tr\u00e1vez, A., Zapata, S., Hartskeerl, R.A., Haake, D.A. and Trueba, G.A., 2011. Interactions of Leptospira with environmental bacteria from surface water, Currenty Microbiology, 62, 1802\u20131806.","journal-title":"Currenty Microbiology"},{"key":"459_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(98)00069-5","volume":"36","author":"RS Barwick","year":"1998","unstructured":"Barwick, R.S., Mohammed, H.O., McDonough, P.L. and White, M.E., 1998. Epidemiologic features of equine Leptospira interrogans of human significance, Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 36, 153\u2013165.","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"459_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30612-5","volume":"9","author":"WV Bernard","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bernard, W.V., 1993. Leptospirosis, The Veterinary Clinics North American Equine Practice, 9, 435\u2013444.","journal-title":"The Veterinary Clinics North American Equine Practice"},{"key":"459_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1993.202.08.1285","volume":"202","author":"WV Bernard","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bernard, W.V., Bolin, C., Riddle, T., Durando, M., Smith, B.J. and Tramontin, R.R., 1993a. Leptospiral abortion and leptospiruria in horses from the same farm, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 202, 1285\u20131286.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"459_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1993.203.02.276","volume":"203","author":"WV Bernard","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bernard, W.V., Williams, D., Tuttle, P.A. and Pierce, S., 1993b. Hematuria and leptospiruria in a foal, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 203, 276\u2013278.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"459_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bezerra, D., Chaves, N.P., Guerra, P.C., Pereira, H.N. and Santos, H.P., 2010. Research of anti-Leptospira agglutinins in sera from donkeys (Equus asinus) and animal traction in the city of S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, MA, Brazil, Brazilian Animal Science, 11, 931\u2013937.","DOI":"10.5216\/cab.v11i4.9233"},{"key":"459_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1024\/0036-7281\/a000247","volume":"153","author":"S Blatti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Blatti, S., Overesch, G., Gerber, V., Frey, J. and H\u00fcssy, D., (2011). Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. in clinically healthy horses in Switzerland, Schweiz Archiv f\u00fcr Tierheilkunde 153: 449\u2013456.","journal-title":"Schweiz Archiv f\u00fcr Tierheilkunde"},{"key":"459_CR12","first-page":"978","volume":"2","author":"AMR Bordoy","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bordoy, A.M.R., 1985. Leptospirosis in horses in three provinces of northeastern Argentina, Veterinaria Argentina, 2, 978\u2013981.","journal-title":"Veterinaria Argentina"},{"key":"459_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Broux, B., Torfs, S., Wegge, B., Deprez, P. and Van Loon, G., 2012. Acute Respiratory Failure Caused by Leptospira spp. in 5 Foals, Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 7. doi: 10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00902.x .","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00902.x"},{"key":"459_CR14","first-page":"383","volume":"26","author":"D Cerri","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cerri, D., Ebani, V.V., Fratini, F., Pinzauti, P. and Andreani, E., 2003. Epidemiology of leptospirosis: observations on serological data obtained by a \"diagnostic laboratory for leptospirosis\" from 1995 to 2001, New Microbiology, 26, 383\u2013389.","journal-title":"New Microbiology"},{"key":"459_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762012000100012","volume":"107","author":"A D'Andrea","year":"2012","unstructured":"D'Andrea, A., Martinez, Y.Z., Alduina, R., Monteverde, V., Molina, C.F. and Vitale, M., 2012. Comparison of two PCR methods for detection of Leptospira interrogans in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues, Mem\u00f3rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 107, 85\u201388.","journal-title":"Mem\u00f3rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"459_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.07.005","volume":"108","author":"MT Faria De","year":"2008","unstructured":"De Faria, M.T., Calderwood, M.S., Athanazio, D.A., McBride, A.J., Hartskeerl, R.A., Pereira, M.M., Ko, A.I. and Reis, M.G., 2008. Carriage of Leptospira interrogans among domestic rats from an urban setting highly endemic for leptospirosis in Brazil, Acta Tropica, 108, 1\u20135.","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"459_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Desakorn, V., Wuthiekanun, V., Thanachartwet, V., Sahassananda, D., Chierakul, W., Apiwattanaporn, A., Day, N.P., Limmathurotsakul, D. and Peacock, S.J., 2012. Accuracy of a commercial IgM ELISA for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis in Thailand, The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 86, 524\u2013527.","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0423"},{"key":"459_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810002074","volume":"139","author":"A Desvars","year":"2011","unstructured":"Desvars, A., Cardinale, E. and Michault, A., 2011. Animal leptospirosis in small tropical areas, Epidemiology and Infection, 139, 167\u2013188.","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"459_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2746\/042516408X255972","volume":"40","author":"TJ Divers","year":"2008","unstructured":"Divers, T.J., Irby, N.L., Mohammed, H.O. and Schwark, W.S., 2008. Ocular penetration of intravenously administered enrofloxacin in the horse, Equine Veterinary Journal, 40, 167\u2013170.","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"459_CR20","author":"Z Djelouadji","year":"2012","unstructured":"Djelouadji, Z., Roux, V., Raoult, D., Kodjo, A. and Drancourt, M., 2012. Rapid MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identification of Leptospira organisms, Veterinary Microbiology, doi: 10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.04.013 .","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"459_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879100300208","volume":"3","author":"JM Donahue","year":"1991","unstructured":"Donahue, J.M., Smith, B.J., Redmon, K.J. and Donahue, J.K., 1991. Diagnosis and prevalence of Leptospira infection in aborted and stillborn horses, Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 3, 148\u201351.","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"459_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879500700114","volume":"7","author":"JM Donahue","year":"1995","unstructured":"Donahue, J.M., Smith, B.J., Poonacha, K.B., Donahoe, J.K. and Rigsby, C.L., 1995. Prevalence and serovars of leptospira involved in equine abortions in central Kentucky during the 1991\u20131993 foaling seasons, Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 7, 87\u201391.","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"459_CR23","first-page":"237","volume":"19","author":"VV Ebani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ebani, V.V., Bertelloni, F., Pinzauti, P. and Cerri, D., (2012). Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Italian horses, Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 19: 237\u2013240.","journal-title":"Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"459_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2.2.293","volume":"2","author":"CN Edwards","year":"2004","unstructured":"Edwards, C.N. and Levett, P.N., 2004. Prevention and treatment of leptospirosis, Expert Review Anti Infective Therapy, 2, 293\u2013298.","journal-title":"Expert Review Anti Infective Therapy"},{"key":"459_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.119.12.306","volume":"119","author":"J Egan","year":"1986","unstructured":"Egan, J. and Yearsley, D., 1986. A serological survey of leptospiral infection in horses in the Republic of Ireland, The Veterinary Record, 119, 306.","journal-title":"The Veterinary Record"},{"key":"459_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01809.x","volume":"15","author":"WA Ellis","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ellis, W.A., O'Brien, J.J. and Cassells, J.A., 1983. Montgomery J. Leptospiral infection in horses in Northern Ireland: serological and microbiological findings, Equine Veterinary Journal, 15, 317\u2013320.","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"459_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.118.1.11","volume":"118","author":"WA Ellis","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ellis, W.A., Songer, J.G., Montgomery, J. and Cassells, J.A., 1986. Prevalence of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in the genital and urinary tracts of non-pregnant cattle, The Veterinary Record, 118, 11\u201313.","journal-title":"The Veterinary Record"},{"key":"459_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00507.x","volume":"12","author":"AK Foote","year":"2012","unstructured":"Foote, A.K., Ricketts, S.W. and Whitwell, K.E., 2012. A racing start in life? The hurdles of equine feto-placental pathology, Equine Veterinary Journal, 12, 120\u2013129.","journal-title":"The hurdles of equine feto-placental pathology, Equine Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"459_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0153","volume":"11","author":"CD Gamage","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gamage, C.D., Koizumi, N., Muto, M., Nwafor-Okoli, C., Kurukurusuriya, S., Rajapakse, J.R., Kularatne, S.A., Kanda, K., Lee, R.B., Obayashi, Y., Watanabe, H. and Tamashiro, H., 2011. Prevalence and carrier status of leptospirosis in smallholder dairy cattle and peridomestic rodents in Kandy, Sri Lanka, Vector Borne Zoonotic Diseases, 11, 1041\u20131047.","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Diseases"},{"key":"459_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.04.018","volume":"70","author":"MD Givens","year":"2008","unstructured":"Givens, M.D. and Marley, M.S., 2008. Infectious causes of embryonic and fetal mortality, Theriogenology, 70, 270\u201385.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"459_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grassmann, A.A., F\u00e9lix, S.R., Dos Santos, C.X., Amaral, M.G., Seixas Neto, A.C., Fagundes, M.Q., Seixas, F.K., da Silva, E.F., Concei\u00e7\u00e3o, F.R. and Dellagostin, O.A., 2012. Protection against lethal leptospirosis after vaccination with LipL32 coupled or co-administered with B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin, Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 29, doi: 10.1128\/CVI.05720-11 .","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05720-11"},{"key":"459_CR32","unstructured":"Grubi\u0161ic\u00b4, M., Milas, Z., Cvetnic\u00b4, Z\u030c., Habu\u0161, J., Perko, V.M. and Majetic\u00b4, Z.\u0160., 2011. Serological research of the distribution of leptospirosis in donkeys in the Republic of Croatia, Veterinarska Stanica, 42, 307\u2013315."},{"key":"459_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07262.x","volume":"77","author":"DA Haake","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haake, D.A. and Matsunaga, J., 2010. Leptospira: a spirochaete with a hybrid outer membrane, Molecular Microbiology, 77, 805\u2013814.","journal-title":"Molecular Microbiology"},{"key":"459_CR34","unstructured":"Haji Hajikolaei, M. R., Gorbanpour, M., Haidari, M. and Abdollahpour, G., 2005. Comparison of leptospiral infection in the horse and donkey, Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, 49, 175\u2013178."},{"key":"459_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2011000500008","volume":"31","author":"C Hamond","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hamond, C., Martins, G., Reis, J., Kraus, E. and Lilenbaum, W., 2011. Pulmonary haemorrhage in horses seropositive to leptospirosis, Pesquisa Veterin\u00e1ria Brasileira, 31, 413\u2013415, 2011.","journal-title":"Pesquisa Veterin\u00e1ria Brasileira"},{"key":"459_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamond, C., Martins, G., Lilenbaum, W. and Medeiros, M.A., 2012a. Rapid and efficient diagnosis of leptospirosis in an aborted foal by PCR of gastric juice, Veterinary Microbiology, 160, 274\u2013275.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.05.030"},{"key":"459_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamond, C., Martins, G. and Lilenbaum, W., 2012b. Subclinical leptospirosis may impair athletic performance in racing horses, Tropical Animal Health and Production, 44, 1927\u20131930.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-012-0158-5"},{"key":"459_CR38","first-page":"1","volume":"15","author":"C Hamond","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hamond, C., Martins, G., Lawson-Ferreira, R., Medeiros, M.A. and Lilenbaum, W., 2013. The role of horses in the transmission of leptospirosis in an urban tropical area, Epidemiology and Infection, 15, 1\u20133.","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"459_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2010.10.021","volume":"84","author":"P Hern\u00e1ndez-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Rodr\u00edguez, P., D\u00edaz, C.A., Dalmau, E.A. and Quintero, G.M., 2011. A comparison between polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and traditional techniques for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in bovines, Journal of Microbiology Methods, 84, 1\u20137.","journal-title":"Journal of Microbiology Methods"},{"key":"459_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.08.020","volume":"148","author":"DJ Houwers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Houwers, D.J., Goris, M.G., Abdoel, T., Kas, J.A., Knobbe, S.S., van Dongen, A.M., Westerduin, F.E., Klein, W.R. and Hartskeerl, R.A., 2011. Agglutinating antibodies against pathogenic Leptospira in healthy dogs and horses indicate common exposure and regular occurrence of subclinical infections, Veterinary Microbiology, 148, 449\u2013451.","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"459_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762011000400009","volume":"106","author":"RS Jorge","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jorge, R.S., Ferreira, F., Ferreira Neto, J.S., Vasconcellos, S.A., Lima, E.S., Morais, Z.M. and Souza, G.O., 2011. Exposure of free-ranging wild carnivores, horses and domestic dogs to Leptospira spp in the northern Pantanal, Brazil, Mem\u00f3rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 106, 441\u2013444.","journal-title":"Brazil, Mem\u00f3rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"459_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.07.009","volume":"124","author":"S Jorge","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jorge, S., Hartleben, C.P., Seixas, F.K., Coimbra, M.A., Stark, C.B., Larrondo, A.G., Amaral, M.G., Albano, A.P., Minello, L.F., Dellagostin, O.A. and Brod, C.S., 2012. Leptospira borgpetersenii from free-living white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris): First isolation in Brazil, Acta Tropica, 124, 147\u2013151.","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"459_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung, B.Y., Lee, K.W. and Ha, T.Y (2010) Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. in clinically healthy racing horses in Korea, The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 72: 197\u2013201.","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.09-0273"},{"key":"459_CR44","first-page":"448","volume":"51","author":"AW Kitson-Piggot","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kitson-Piggot, A.W. and Prescott, J.F., 1987. Leptospirosis in horses in Ontario, Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 51, 448\u2013451.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"459_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2208","volume":"7","author":"AI Ko","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ko, A.I., Goarant, C. and Picardeau, M., 2009. Leptospira: the dawn of the molecular genetics era for an emerging zoonotic pathogen, Nature Reviews Microbiology, 7, 736\u2013747.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"key":"459_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koizumi, N., Nakajima, C., Harunari, T., Tanikawa, T., Tokiwa, T., Uchimura, E., Furuya, T., Mingala, C.N., Villanueva, M.A., Ohnishi, M. and Suzuki, Y., 2012. A new loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid, simple, and sensitive detection of Leptospira spp. in urine, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 14. doi: 10.1128\/JCM.00481-12 .","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00481-12"},{"key":"459_CR47","first-page":"128","volume":"42","author":"A La-Ard","year":"2011","unstructured":"La-Ard, A., Amavisit, P., Sukpuaram, T. and Wajjwalku, W., 2011. Evaluation of recombinant Lig antigen-based ELISA for detection of leptospiral antibodies in canine sera, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 42, 128\u2013137.","journal-title":"The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"key":"459_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lambert, A., Picardeau, M., Haake, D.A., Sermswan, R.W., Srikram, A., Adler, B. and Murray, G., 2012. FlaA proteins in Leptospira interrogans are essential for motility and virulence, but not required for the formation of flagella sheath, Infection and Immunity, 26. doi: 10.1128\/IAI.00131-12 .","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00131-12"},{"key":"459_CR49","first-page":"636","volume":"35","author":"VW Lees","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lees, V.W. and Gale, S.P., 1994. Titers to Leptospira species in horses in Alberta, The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 35, 636\u2013640.","journal-title":"The Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"459_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870601800216","volume":"18","author":"A L\u00e9on","year":"2006","unstructured":"L\u00e9on, A., Pronost, S., Tapprest, J., Foucher, N., Blanchard, B., Andr\u00e9-Fontaine, G., Laugier, C., Fortier, G., Leclercq, R., 2006. Identification of pathogenic Leptospira strains in tissues of a premature foal by use of polymerase chain reaction analysis, Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 18, 218\u2013221.","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"459_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lilenbaum, W., Varges, R., Brand\u00e3o, F.Z., Cortez, A., de Souza, S.O., Brand\u00e3o, P.E., Richtzenhain, L.J. and Vasconcellos, S.A., 2008. Detection of Leptospira spp. in semen and vaginal fluids of goats and sheep by polymerase chain reaction, Theriogenology, 69, 837\u2013842.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.10.027"},{"key":"459_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07510.x","volume":"79","author":"YP Lin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lin, Y.P., McDonough, S.P., Sharma, Y. and Chang, Y.F., 2011. Leptospira immunoglobulin-like protein B (LigB) binding to the C-terminal fibrinogen \u03b1C domain inhibits fibrin clot formation, platelet adhesion and aggregation, Molecular Microbiology, 79, 1063\u20131076.","journal-title":"Molecular Microbiology"},{"key":"459_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-53-53","volume":"12","author":"E Lindahl","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lindahl, E., Boqvist, S., Artursson, K. and Magnusson, U., 2011. A field-study on Leptospira seroprevalence in dairy cows in four geographical areas in Sweden, Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 12, 53.","journal-title":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica"},{"key":"459_CR54","first-page":"1","volume":"33","author":"VK Lim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lim, V.K., 2011. Leptospirosis: a re-emerging infection, Malaysian of Journal Pathology, 33, 1\u20135.","journal-title":"Malaysian of Journal Pathology"},{"key":"459_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.157.17.518","volume":"157","author":"N Odontsetseg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Odontsetseg, N., Boldbaatar, D., Mweene, A.S. and Kida, H., 2005. Serological prevalence of Leptospira interrogans serovar Bratislava in horses in Mongolia, The Veterinary Record, 157, 518\u2013519.","journal-title":"The Veterinary Record"},{"key":"459_CR56","unstructured":"Organization for Animal Health (OIE)., 2008. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, Sixth Edition."},{"key":"459_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001361","volume":"5","author":"J Perez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Perez, J., Brescia, F., Becam, J., Mauron, C. and Goarant, C., 2011. Rodent abundance dynamics and leptospirosis carriage in an area of hyper-endemicity in New Caledonia, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 5, 1361.","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"459_CR58","first-page":"1197","volume":"41","author":"LE Perryman","year":"1980","unstructured":"Perryman, L.E., McGuire, T.C., Torbeck, R.L., 1980. Ontogeny of lymphocyte function in the equine fetus, American Journal of Veterinary Research, 41, 1197\u20131200","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"459_CR59","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"MH Pinna","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pinna, M.H., Varges, R., Abreu, R. and Lilenbaum, W., 2007. Outbreak of equine leptospirosis by s. Bratislava, Online American Journal of Veterinary Research, 11, 1\u20134.","journal-title":"Bratislava, Online American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"459_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-84782010005000178","volume":"40","author":"M Pinna","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pinna, M., Martins, G., Freire, I. and Lilenbaum, W., 2010. Seropositivity to Leptospira interrogans serovar Bratislava associated to reproductive problems without significant biochemical or hematological alterations in horses, Ci\u00eancia Rural, 40, 2214\u20132221.","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia Rural"},{"key":"459_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.06.015","volume":"153","author":"AE Pinna","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pinna, A.E., Martins, G., Hamond, C., Lilenbaum, W. and Medeiros, M.A., 2011. Molecular diagnostics of leptospirosis in horses is becoming increasingly important, Veterinary Microbiology, 153, 413.","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"459_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.e296","volume":"170","author":"A Pinna","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pinna, A., Martins, G. and Lilenbaum, W., 2012. Leptospirosis and embryo recovery rate in mares, Veterinary Record, 170, 60.","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"459_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589303000405","volume":"30","author":"KB Poonacha","year":"1993","unstructured":"Poonacha, K.B., Donahue, J.M., Giles, R.C., Hong, C.B., Petrites-Murphy, M.B., Smith, B.J., Swerczek, T.W., Tramontin, R.R. and Tuttle, P.A., 1993. Leptospirosis in equine fetuses, stillborn foals, and placentas, Veterinary Patholology, 30, 362\u2013369.","journal-title":"Veterinary Patholology"},{"key":"459_CR64","series-title":"R&W Publications","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Equine Infectious Diseases","author":"KB Poonacha","year":"1994","unstructured":"Poonacha, K.B., Donahue, J.M., Smith, B.J., Giles, R.C., Hong, C.B., Petrites-Murphy, M.B., Swerczek, T.W. and Tramontin, R.R., 1994. The role of Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona-type kennewicki as a cause of abortion and stillbirth in mares. In: Plowright, W., Nakajima, H. (Eds.), Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Equine Infectious Diseases. R&W Publications, Newmarket, UK, 113\u2013119"},{"key":"459_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2011.05.010","volume":"101","author":"R Raghavan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Raghavan, R., Brenner, K., Higgins, J., Van der Merwe, D. and Harkin, K.R., 2011. Evaluations of land cover risk factors for canine leptospirosis: 94 cases (2002\u20132009), Preventive Veterinary Medice, 101, 241\u2013249.","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medice"},{"key":"459_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2003.12.003","volume":"76","author":"T Rocha","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rocha, T., Ellis, W.A., Montgomery, J., Gilmore, C., Regalla, J. and Brem, S., 2004. Microbiological and serological study of leptospirosis in horses at slaughter: first isolations, Research in Veterinary Science, 76, 199\u2013202.","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"459_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2005.00367.x","volume":"8","author":"BW Rohrbach","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rohrbach, B.W., Ward, D.A., Hendrix, D.V., Cawrse-Foss, M. and Moyers, T.D., 2005. Effect of vaccination against leptospirosis on the frequency, days to recurrence and progression of disease in horses with equine recurrent uveitis, Veterinary Ophthalmology, 8, 171\u2013179.","journal-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology"},{"key":"459_CR68","first-page":"517","volume":"71","author":"C Roqueplo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roqueplo, C., Davoust, B., Mulot, B., Lafrance, B. and Kodjo, A., 2011. Serological study of leptospirosis in equids, camelids and bovids from Djibouti, M\u00e9decine Tropicale, 71, 517\u2013518.","journal-title":"M\u00e9decine Tropicale"},{"key":"459_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakoda, Y., Naito, M., Ito, M., Ito, Y., Isoda, N., Tanaka, T., Umemura, T. and Kida, H., 2012. Recovery of Leptospires from Miniature Pigs Experimentally Infected with Leptospira interrogans Serovar Manilae Strain UP-MMC under Immunosuppressive Conditions by Dexamethasone, The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 9. doi: 10.1292\/jvms.11-0537 .","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.11-0537"},{"key":"459_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1590\/1808-1657v68n2p0772001","volume":"68","author":"E Scarcelli","year":"2001","unstructured":"Scarcelli, E., Genovez, M.E., Piatti, R.M., Girio, R.J.S., Cardoso, M.V. and Miyashiro S., 2001. Leptospira spp detected by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in semen of Stallion PSI, Arquivo do Instituto Biol\u00f3gico, 68, 77.","journal-title":"Arquivo do Instituto Biol\u00f3gico"},{"key":"459_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.42-5-659","volume":"42","author":"M Sebastian","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sebastian, M., Giles, R., Roberts, J., Poonacha, K., Harrison, L., Donahue, J. and Benirschke, K., 2005. Funisitis associated with leptospiral abortion in an equine placenta, Veterinary Pathology, 42, 659\u2013662.","journal-title":"Veterinary Pathology"},{"key":"459_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0653.x","volume":"25","author":"LM Shanahan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shanahan, L.M. and Slovis, N.M., 2011. Leptospira interrogans associated with hydrallantois in 2 pluriparous Thoroughbred mares, Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 25, 158\u2013161.","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"key":"459_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(00)00247-6","volume":"29","author":"AS Sheoran","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sheoran, A.S., Nally, J.E., Donahue, J.M., Smith, B.J. and Timoney, J.F., 2000. Antibody isotypes in sera of equine fetuses aborted due to Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona-type kennewicki infection, Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 29, 301\u2013309.","journal-title":"Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology"},{"key":"459_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1504.071669","volume":"15","author":"EF Silva","year":"2009","unstructured":"Silva, E.F., Cerqueira, G.M., Seyffert, N., Seixas, F.K., Hartwig, D.D., Athanazio, D.A., Pinto, L.S., Queiroz, A., Ko, A.I., Brod, C.S. and Dellagostin, O.A., 2009. Leptospira noguchii and human and animal leptospirosis, Southern Brazil, Emerging Infectious Diseases, 15, 621\u2013623.","journal-title":"Southern Brazil, Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"459_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6266","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.05695-11","volume":"193","author":"L Slamti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Slamti, L., de Pedro, M.A., Guichet, E. and Picardeau, M., 2011. Deciphering morphological determinants of the helix-shaped Leptospira, Journal of Bacteriology, 193, 6266\u20136275.","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"},{"key":"459_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2011.624985","volume":"60","author":"S Subharat","year":"2012","unstructured":"Subharat, S., Wilson, P.R., Heuer, C. and Collins-Emerson, J.M., 2012. Growth response and shedding of Leptospira spp. in urine following vaccination for leptospirosis in young farmed deer, New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 60, 14\u201320.","journal-title":"New Zealand Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"459_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0654.x","volume":"25","author":"JE Sykes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sykes, J.E., Hartmann, K., Lunn, K.F., Moore, G.E., Stoddard, R.A. and Goldstein, R.E., 2011. 2010 ACVIM small animal consensus statement on leptospirosis: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment, and prevention, Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 25, 1\u201313.","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"key":"459_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.43-5-755","volume":"43","author":"L Szeredi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Szeredi, L. and Haake, D.A., 2006. Immunohistochemical identification and pathologic findings in natural cases of equine abortion caused by leptospiral infection, Veterinary Pathology, 43, 755\u2013761.","journal-title":"Veterinary Pathology"},{"key":"459_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.02.049","volume":"150","author":"JF Timoney","year":"2011","unstructured":"Timoney, J.F., Kalimuthusamy, N., Velineni, S., Donahue, J.M., Artiushin, S.C. and Fettinger, M., 2011. A unique genotype of Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona type kennewicki is associated with equine abortion, Veterinary Microbiology, 150, 349\u2013353.","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"459_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870501700114","volume":"17","author":"R Vemulapalli","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vemulapalli, R., Langohr, I.M., Sanchez, A., Kiupel, M., Bolin, C.A., Wu, C.C. and Lin, T.L., 2005. Molecular detection of Leptospira kirschneri in tissues of a prematurely born foal, Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 17, 67\u201371.","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"459_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000778","volume":"4","author":"A Verma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Verma, A., Kumar, P., Babb, K., Timoney, J.F. and Stevenson, B., 2010. Cross-reactivity of antibodies against leptospiral recurrent uveitis-associated proteins A and B (LruA and LruB) with eye proteins, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 4, 778.","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"459_CR82","first-page":"452","volume":"19","author":"A Verma","year":"2012","unstructured":"Verma, A., Matsunaga, J., Artiushin, S., Pinne, M., Houwers, D.J., Haake, D.A., Stevenson, B. and Timoney, J.F., 2012. Antibodies to a novel leptospiral protein, LruC, in the eye fluids and sera of horses with Leptospira-associated uveitis, Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 19, 452\u2013456.","journal-title":"LruC, in the eye fluids and sera of horses with Leptospira-associated uveitis, Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"},{"key":"459_CR83","first-page":"471","volume":"65","author":"B Wasi\u0144ski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wasi\u0144ski, B., 2011. Leptospirosis-current problems, Przegl Epidemiol, 65, 471\u2013476.","journal-title":"Przegl Epidemiol"},{"key":"459_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wasi\u0144ski, B. and Pejsak, Z., 2010. Occurrence of leptospiral infections in swine population in Poland evaluated by ELISA and microscopic agglutination test, Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 13, 695\u2013699.","DOI":"10.2478\/v10181-010-0006-3"},{"key":"459_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.165.13.377","volume":"165","author":"KE Whitwell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Whitwell, K.E., Blunden, A.S., Miller, J. and Errington, J., 2009. Two cases of equine pregnancy loss associated with Leptospira infection in England, The Veterinary Record, 165, 377\u2013378.","journal-title":"The Veterinary Record"},{"key":"459_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1994.tb04345.x","volume":"26","author":"DM Williams","year":"1994","unstructured":"Williams, D.M., Smith, B.J., Donahue, J.M. and Poonacha, K.B., 1994. Serological and microbiological findings on 3 farms with equine leptospiral abortions, Equine Veterinary Journal, 26, 105\u2013108.","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"459_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.00507.x","volume":"24","author":"W Yan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yan, W., Faisal, S.M., Divers, T., McDonough, S.P., Akey, B. and Chang, Y.F., 2010. Experimental Leptospira interrogans serovar Kennewicki infection of horses, Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 24, 912\u2013917.","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"}],"container-title":["Tropical Animal Health and Production"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11250-013-0459-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11250-013-0459-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11250-013-0459-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T14:15:54Z","timestamp":1746022554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11250-013-0459-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,30]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["459"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-013-0459-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0049-4747","1573-7438"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0049-4747","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7438","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,30]]}}}