{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T20:55:47Z","timestamp":1792961747147,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trop Anim Health Prod"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Livestock are a major cornerstone for livelihoods of smallholders in the highlands of Ethiopia. However, infectious diseases are a key constraint in livestock production affecting productivity and food security. This study aimed to understand livestock producers\u2019 perception on importance and epidemiology of livestock diseases. Participatory tools using focus group discussions were used to identify and rank livestock species, major livestock diseases, and their epidemiological patterns in smallholder systems. The study covered 17 districts in four regions, with two or three<jats:italic>kebeles<\/jats:italic>(smallest administrative unit) included in each district. To capture views of women and men, separate focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted. Data collected through proportional piling were used in generalized linear model analysis. Taking sheep as a reference, cattle were significantly the most preferred species with the odds of cattle scoring higher than sheep being 2.08 times (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.000). Sheep and poultry were equally the second most important livestock, followed by goat and equine. There were no statistically significant differences between men and women FGD groups and between the four regions in their preference for livestock species. Twelve out of 28 identified livestock diseases were mentioned by at least 10% of FGDs in their list of five most important diseases. Blackleg, foot, and mouth disease, lumpy skin disease, anthrax, and bovine pasteurellosis were ranked as the top five diseases by both men and women focus groups. Reasons for high scores included suddenness of death, zoonosis risks, animal age groups and species affected, frequency of occurrence, rate of transmission in herds, curability, and inefficient vaccination. Seasonality and agro-ecology were also factors associated with disease occurrence. The study also documents that adult men and women are more involved in activities related to disease transmission compared with other family members. When asked about impacts of diseases, loss of livelihood, displacement, and infection with zoonoses were mentioned, with women considered equally affected as men. In conclusion, participatory tools allowed understanding disease priorities of and their perceived epidemiology in smallholder systems. The perceptions and priorities of men and women are very similar, and both need to be involved in designing health management interventions. Based on the findings of this study, the intervention strategies listed in the 2013 animal health strategy of Ethiopia (MoA and ILRI 2013) seem pertinent and need to be implemented to overcome the challenges of diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-019-02187-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T01:02:51Z","timestamp":1578013371000},"page":"1745-1757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Importance of livestock diseases identified using participatory epidemiology in the highlands of Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0600-7188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solomon","family":"Gizaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiwot","family":"Desta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biruk","family":"Alemu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azage","family":"Tegegne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Wieland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2187_CR1","unstructured":"Abeyasekera, S., 2001. Analysis approaches in participatory work involving ranks or scores. Statistical Services Centre, The University of Reading. https:\/\/www.reading.ac.uk\/ssc\/resources\/AnalysisApproachesInParticipatoryWorkInvolvingRanksOrScores.pdf. (Accessed May 2017)."},{"key":"2187_CR2","volume-title":"An introduction to categorical data analysis","author":"A Agresti","year":"1996","unstructured":"Agresti A. (1996). An introduction to categorical data analysis. Wiley, New York."},{"key":"2187_CR3","unstructured":"Aklilu, Y., Little, P.D., Mahmoud, H. and McPeak, J., 2013. Market access and trade issues affecting the dry lands in the Horn of Africa. Brief prepared by a Technical Consortium hosted by CGIAR in partnership with the FAO Investment Centre. Technical Consortium Brief 2. Nairobi: International Livestock Research Institute."},{"key":"2187_CR4","unstructured":"Albe, A., Feyera, T., and Gebeyew, K. 2016. Major animal health constraints of market-oriented livestock development in Sidama Dale district southern region Ethiopia. J Vet Sci Technol, 7:5."},{"key":"2187_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alberto Allepuz, Katinka de Balogh, Ryan Aguanno, Martin Heilmann, Daniel Beltran-Alcrudo, Joan A Cayl\u00e0, (2017) Review of Participatory Epidemiology Practices in Animal Health (1980-2015) and Future Practice Directions. PLOS ONE 12 (1):e0169198","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169198"},{"key":"2187_CR6","unstructured":"Birhanu, T., 2014. Prevalence of the major infectious animal diseases affecting livestock trade industry in Ethiopia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare 4, 17."},{"issue":"2","key":"2187_CR7","first-page":"101","volume":"44","author":"A Bogale","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bogale, A., Hagedorn, K., Korf, B., 2005. Determinants of poverty in rural Ethiopia. Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture 44 (2): 101\u2013120.","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture"},{"key":"2187_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2011.03.010","volume":"191","author":"A Catley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Catley, A., Alders, R.G., Wood, J.L.N., 2012. Participatory epidemiology: approaches, methods, experiences. The Veterinary Journal 191, 151\u2013160.","journal-title":"The Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"2187_CR9","unstructured":"Central Statistical Agency (CSA) (2009). The 2002\/2003 Ethiopian Agricultural Enumeration (ESAE), Executive Summary, May 2009, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia."},{"issue":"4","key":"2187_CR10","first-page":"240","volume":"8","author":"BZ Dereje","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dereje, B. Z. and Shibiru, D. W., 2016. Most prevalent animal diseases and their seasonal occurrences in East Wollega, Ethiopia. African Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 8 (4): 240\u2013243.","journal-title":"African Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences"},{"key":"2187_CR11","unstructured":"Genbremedhin, B., Woldahana M., Flintan, F., Wieland, B. and Poole, J., 2017. Baseline report for the regional pastoral livelihoods resilience project in Ethiopia. ILRI project report, Nairobi, Kenya, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)."},{"key":"2187_CR12","unstructured":"Hooper, P., 2016. Review of animal health service delivery in the mixed crop-livestock system in Ethiopia. LIVES Working Paper 18. Nairobi, Kenya: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)."},{"key":"2187_CR13","unstructured":"Hassen K., Melaku, A. and Kebede, E., 2014. Constraints in animal health service delivery and sustainable improvement alternatives in North Gondar, Ethiopia, Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 8:1."},{"issue":"2","key":"2187_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3382\/japr\/pfv012","volume":"24","author":"AH Jibril","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jibril, A. H., J. U. Umoh, J. Kabir, M. M. Gashua, and Bello, M. B., 2015. Application of participatory epidemiology techniques to investigate Newcastle disease among rural farmers in Zamfara state, Nigeria. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 24 (2): 233\u2013239.","journal-title":"The Journal of Applied Poultry Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2187_CR15","first-page":"204","volume":"4","author":"DG Mahachi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mahachi, D. G., 2016. Alternative remedies used to mitigate cattle blackleg disease in Zimbabwe. 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MSc thesis, Addis Ababa University."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-021-02593-7","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613520000000}}],"container-title":["Tropical Animal Health and Production"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11250-019-02187-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11250-019-02187-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11250-019-02187-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T19:48:59Z","timestamp":1665344939000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11250-019-02187-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["2187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-019-02187-4","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s11250-021-02593-7","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0049-4747","1573-7438"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0049-4747","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7438","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 April 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2021","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-021-02593-7","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-021-02593-7","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}