{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:53:29Z","timestamp":1790744009889,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613088000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007537","name":"Agricultural Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trop Anim Health Prod"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-021-02610-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T19:09:59Z","timestamp":1613243399000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Growth performance and fertility of Windsnyer boars supplemented with \u03b1-tocopherol"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Ntombizodwa","family":"Bovula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyprial N.","family":"Ncobela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril M.","family":"Pilane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tshimangadzo L.","family":"Nedambale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9226-1026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Chimonyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2610_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2010.10.032","volume":"75","author":"N Am-In","year":"2011","unstructured":"Am-In, N., Kirkwood, R. N., Techakumphu, M. and Tantasuparuk, W., 2011. Lipid profiles of sperm and seminal plasma from boars having normal or low sperm motility. Theriogenology, 75, 897-903.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2610_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.2527\/1995.732490x","volume":"73","author":"LE Anderson Sr","year":"1995","unstructured":"Anderson Sr, L. E., Myer, R. O., Brendemuhl, J. H., & McDowell, L.R, 1995. Bioavailability of various vitamin E compounds for finishing swine. Journal of animal science, 73, 490-495.","journal-title":"Journal of animal science"},{"key":"2610_CR3","volume-title":"Official Methods of Analysis (16th ed)","author":"AOAC","year":"1990","unstructured":"AOAC, 1990. Official Methods of Analysis (16th ed), Association of Analytical Chemist, Washington DC, USA."},{"key":"2610_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod23.5.1007","volume":"23","author":"JL Bartle","year":"1980","unstructured":"Bartle, J.L., Senger, P.L. and Hillers, J.K., 1980. Influence of injected selenium in dairy bulls on blood and semen selenium, glutathione peroxidase and seminal quality. Biology of reproduction, 23, 1007-1013.","journal-title":"Biology of reproduction"},{"key":"2610_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.10347","volume":"66","author":"C Br\u00e9que","year":"2003","unstructured":"Br\u00e9que, C., Surai, P., & Brillard, J. P., 2003. Roles of antioxidants on prolonged storage of avian spermatozoa in vivo and in vitro. Molecular Reproduction and Development: Incorporating Gamete Research, 66, 314-323.","journal-title":"Molecular Reproduction and Development: Incorporating Gamete Research"},{"key":"2610_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02790102","volume":"47","author":"E Brzezinska-Slebodzinska","year":"1995","unstructured":"Brzezinska-Slebodzinska, E., Slebodzinski, A.B., Prietas, B. and Wieezorek, G., 1995. Antioxidant effect of vitamin E and glutathione on lipid peroxidation in boar seminal plasma. Biological trace element research, 47, 69-74.","journal-title":"Biological trace element research"},{"key":"2610_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.2527\/1996.74198x","volume":"74","author":"JE Cannon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cannon, J. E., Morgan, J. B., Schmidt, G. R., Tatum, J. D., Sofos, J. N., Smith, G. C., Delmore, R.J. and Williams, S. N., 1996. Growth and fresh meat quality characteristics of pigs supplemented with vitamin E. Journal of Animal Science, 74: 98-105.","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"2610_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0309-1740(94)P1826-H","volume":"39","author":"KS Cheah","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cheah, K. S., 1993. Effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin E on pig growth and meat quality. Meat Science, 39, 255.","journal-title":"Meat Science"},{"key":"2610_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2006.04.034","volume":"105","author":"M Chimonyo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chimonyo, M., Dzama, K., Bhebhe, E., 2006. Genetic determination of individual birth weight, litter weight and litter size in Mukota pigs. Livestock Science, 105, 69-77.","journal-title":"Livestock Science"},{"key":"2610_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2007.02.014","volume":"113","author":"M Chimonyo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chimonyo, M., Dzama, K. and Bhebhe, E., 2008. Genetic determination of mothering ability and piglet growth in indigenous Mukota sows of Zimbabwe, Livestock Science, 113: 74-80.","journal-title":"Livestock Science"},{"key":"2610_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-009-9522-5","volume":"42","author":"M Chimonyo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chimonyo, M., Dzama, K. and Mapiye, C., 2010. Growth performance and carcass characteristics of indigenous Mukota pigs of Zimbabwe. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 42, 1001-1007.","journal-title":"Tropical Animal Health and Production"},{"key":"2610_CR12","first-page":"134","volume":"70","author":"BA Didion","year":"2008","unstructured":"Didion, B.A., 2008. Computer-assisted semen analysis and its utility for profiling boar semen samples. Theriogenology. 70, 134-1376.","journal-title":"Theriogenology."},{"key":"2610_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831.72.6.383","volume":"72","author":"A Giguere","year":"2002","unstructured":"Giguere, A., Girard, C.L. and Matte, J.J., 2002. Erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity and riboflavin nutritional status in early-weaned piglets. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 72, 383-387.","journal-title":"International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research"},{"key":"2610_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f3rnicka, M., Ciecierska, A., Hamulka, J., Drywie\u0144, M. E., Frackiewicz, J., G\u00f3rnicki, K., & Wawrzyniak, A., 2019. \u03b1-Tocopherol protects the heart, muscles, and testes from lipid peroxidation in growing male rats subjected to physical efforts. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2019.","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8431057"},{"key":"2610_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2010.01.005","volume":"69","author":"TE Halimani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Halimani, T. E., Muchadeyi, F. C., Chimonyo, M. and Dzama, K., 2010. Pig genetic resource conservation, The Southern African perspective. Ecological Economic, 69, 944-951.","journal-title":"Ecological Economic"},{"key":"2610_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3230","DOI":"10.2527\/2002.80123230x","volume":"80","author":"JL Hasty","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hasty, J. L., Van Heugten, E., See, M. T., & Larick, D. K., 2002. Effect of vitamin E on improving fresh pork quality in Berkshire-and Hampshire-sired pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 80, 3230-3237.","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"2610_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2008.12.004","volume":"58","author":"YJ Jeong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jeong, Y.J., Kim, M.K., Song, H.J., Kang, E.J., Ock, S.A., Kumar, B.M., 2009. Effect of \u03b1-tocopherol supplementation during boar semen cryopreservation on sperm characteristics and expression of apoptosis related genes, Cryobiology, 58, 181-189.","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"key":"2610_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.2527\/1999.773541x","volume":"77","author":"RK Johnson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Johnson, R.K., Nielsen, M.K. and Casey, D.S., 1999. Responses in ovulation rate, embryonic survival and litter traits in swine to 14 generations of selection to increase litter size. Journal of Animal Science, 77, 541-557.","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"2610_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1017\/S1357729800053844","volume":"78","author":"AT Kanengoni","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kanengoni, A.T., Dzama, K., Chimonyo, M., Kusina, J. and Maswaure, S.M., 2004. Growth performance and carcass traits of Large White, Mukota and their F1 crosses fed on graded levels of maize cobs, Journal of Animal Science, 78, 61-66.","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"2610_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5739","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-8067","volume":"92","author":"AT Kanengoni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kanengoni, A.T., Chimonyo, M. and Erlwanger, K.H., 2014. Growth performance, blood metabolic responses and carcass characteristics of grower and finisher South Africa Windsnyer-type indigenous and Large White \u00d7 Landrace crossbred pigs fed diets containing ensiled corncobs, Journal of Animal Science, 92, 5739-48.","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"2610_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.5194\/aab-48-68-2005","volume":"48","author":"ANITA Ko\u0142odziej","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ko\u0142odziej, A.N.I.T.A, Jacyno, E., 2005. Effect of selenium and vitamin E supplementation on reproductive performance of young boars. Archives Animal Breeding, 48, 68-75.","journal-title":"Archives Animal Breeding"},{"key":"2610_CR22","first-page":"9","volume":"7","author":"E Kotowska","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kotowska, E. and Kotowski, B., 2001. Significance of selenium and vitamin E in pig reproduction, Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, 7, 9-11.","journal-title":"Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities"},{"key":"2610_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2994","DOI":"10.2527\/1997.75112994x","volume":"75","author":"J Marin-Guzman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Marin-Guzman, J., Mahan, D. C., Chung, Y. K., Pate, J. L and Pope, W. F., 1997. Effects of dietary selenium and vitamin E on boar performance and tissue responses, semen quality, and subsequent fertilization rates in mature gilts, Journal of animal science, 75, 2994-3003.","journal-title":"Journal of animal science"},{"key":"2610_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.2527\/2000.7861537x","volume":"78","author":"J Marin-Guzman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Marin-Guzman, J., Mahan, D.C and Pate, J.L., 2000. Effect of dietary selenium and vitamin E on spermatogenic development in boars, Journal of Animal Science, 78, 1537-1543.","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"2610_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14223","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB11.2010","volume":"10","author":"MB Masenya","year":"2011","unstructured":"Masenya, M.B., Mphaphathi, M.L., Mapeka, M.H., Munyai, P.H., Makhafola, M.B., Ramukhithi, F.V., Malusi, P.P., Umesiobi, D.O. and Nedamble, T.L., 2011. Comparative study on semen characteristics of Kolbroek and Large White boars following computer aided sperm analysis\u00ae (CASA), African Journal Biotechnology, 10, 14223-14229.","journal-title":"African Journal Biotechnology"},{"key":"2610_CR26","first-page":"8","volume":"1","author":"LR McDowell","year":"2002","unstructured":"McDowell, L.R., 2002. Recent advances in mineral and vitamin nutrition of cows. Pakistan Journal Nutrition, 1, 8-19.","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal Nutrition"},{"key":"2610_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2009.29","volume":"11","author":"MS Mehranjani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mehranjani, M. S., Noorafshan, A., Momeni, H. R., Abnosi, M. H., Mahmoodi, M., Anvari, M., & Hoseini, S. M., 2009. Stereological study of the effects of vitamin E on testis structure in rats treated with para-nonylphenol, Asian journal of andrology, 11, 508.","journal-title":"Asian journal of andrology"},{"key":"2610_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S1642-431X(12)60084-9","volume":"12","author":"HR Momeni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Momeni, H. R., Oryan, S and Eskandari, N., 2012. Effect of vitamin E on sperm number and testis histopathology of sodium arsenite-treated rats. Reproductive biology, 12, 171-181.","journal-title":"Reproductive biology"},{"key":"2610_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-016-1158-7","volume":"49","author":"P Munzhelele","year":"2017","unstructured":"Munzhelele, P., Oguttu, J., Fasanmi, O. G., & Fasina, F. O., 2017. Production constraints of smallholder pig farms in agro-ecological zones of Mpumalanga, South Africa. Tropical animal health and production, 49, 63-69.","journal-title":"Tropical animal health and production"},{"key":"2610_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ncobela, C. N., Kanengoni, A. T., Thomas, R. S and Chimonyo, M., 2018. Voluntary feed intake and growth performance of slow-growing pigs fed on increasing levels of ensiled potato hash meal, Tropical Animal Health Production, 50, 113-120.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-017-1410-9"},{"key":"2610_CR31","unstructured":"NRC. 1998. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. 10th Revised Ed. P.123."},{"key":"2610_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2006.7","volume":"19","author":"S Oh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oh S, Lee D.H, See M.T., 2010. Estimation of genetic parameters for reproductive traits between first and later parities in Pig, Asian-Australian of Journal Animal Science, 19, 7-12","journal-title":"Asian-Australian of Journal Animal Science"},{"key":"2610_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramsay, K., Smuts, M. and Els, H.C., 2000. Adding value to South African landrace breeds conservation through utilization. Agri 2000. 27, 9-15","DOI":"10.1017\/S1014233900001243"},{"key":"2610_CR34","volume-title":"SAS user\u2019s guide: Statistics, Version 9.1","author":"SAS","year":"2008","unstructured":"SAS, 2008. SAS user\u2019s guide: Statistics, Version 9.1. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA."},{"key":"2610_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01099740","volume":"22","author":"A Sharaf","year":"1972","unstructured":"Sharaf, A, Gomaa, N., 1972. Hormonal properties of vitamin E and its synergism with gonadal hormones. Qualitas Plantarum et Materiae Vegetabiles, 22, 91-98.","journal-title":"Qualitas Plantarum et Materiae Vegetabiles"},{"issue":"2","key":"2610_CR36","first-page":"394","volume":"21","author":"B Szostak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Szostak, B., Apostolov, A. and Marchev, J., 2015. The influence of the libido of polish Large White boars on their ejaculates, Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 21 (2): 394 -398.","journal-title":"Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science"},{"key":"2610_CR37","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Improvement of semen quality by feed supplement and semen cryopreservation in swine","author":"M Techakumphu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Techakumphu, M., Buranaamnuay, K., Tantasuparuk, W and Am-In, N., 2013. Improvement of semen quality by feed supplement and semen cryopreservation in swine. Success in Artificial Insemination-Quality Of Semen And Diagnostics Employed. LEMMA, Alemayehu, 17-37"},{"key":"2610_CR38","first-page":"560","volume":"42","author":"DO Umesiobi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Umesiobi, D.O., 2012. The effect of vitamin E supplementation on the libido and reproductive capacity of Large White boars. South African Journal Animal Science, 42,560-563.","journal-title":"South African Journal Animal Science"},{"key":"2610_CR39","first-page":"145","volume":"6","author":"M Zubair","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zubair, M., 2017. Effects of dietary vitamin E on male reproductive system. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, 6, 145.","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction"}],"container-title":["Tropical Animal Health and Production"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11250-021-02610-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11250-021-02610-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11250-021-02610-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T10:24:21Z","timestamp":1622802261000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11250-021-02610-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["2610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-021-02610-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0049-4747","1573-7438"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0049-4747","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7438","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production Ethics committee approved standard operating procedures applied the study (Reference number: APIEC 15\/017). The standard operating procedures included handling, feeding and weighing of pigs.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Authors agreed upon the roles and responsibilities taken towards one another throughout the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Authors grant the publisher the sole and exclusive license of the full copyright.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"161"}}