{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T10:24:38Z","timestamp":1778322278545,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"CONAHCYT","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["750549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["750549"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trop Anim Health Prod"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The Mexican food production industry spans diverse agricultural and livestock products. Growing demand for animal-based products is driving significant changes in Livestock Production Systems (LPS), including shifts in location, herd sizes, and specializations. Global trade in livestock products has impacted Mexican producers\u2019 competitiveness and natural resource demands, raising environmental concerns. Better understanding of production system variations can assist decision-makers in enhancing agricultural sustainability. The study aimed to characterize the different types and distribution of LPSs in Mexico and their key factors. A conceptual model was developed reflecting the elements and interactions within production systems for cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. Input variables were defined using this model, and data were gathered from government and official sources. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a Hierarchical Cluster on Principal Components (HCPC) were used to characterize LPSs and classify states based on this typology. The multivariate analysis identified four production profiles, and the country\u2019s 32 states were classified into four distinct LPSs. The typology revealed by these production systems was consistent with traditional definitions previously established in Mexico. We observe changes within cattle and pig production systems, most notably in the adoption of new technology and integration of crop and livestock enterprises. Systemic heterogeneity was evident, with less economically developed states the most likely to display differences in the competitiveness of their production. This analysis represents the first quantitative synthesis of LPSs in Mexico and demonstrates the need for further investigation into their conditions and the factors that influence its diversification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-025-04389-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T06:44:53Z","timestamp":1742712293000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Multivariate classification of livestock production systems in Mexico"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5918-6768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Zaldivar-Gomez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1855-0097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Mart\u00ednez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2508-6376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Suz\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9833-1101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Rico-Ch\u00e1vez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"4389_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2003.06.001","volume":"21","author":"C Abizaid","year":"2004","unstructured":"Abizaid C, Coomes OT (2004) Land use and forest fallowing dynamics in seasonally dry tropical forests of the southern Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula. Mexico Land Use Policy 21:71\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landusepol.2003.06.001","journal-title":"Mexico Land Use Policy"},{"key":"4389_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9081295","volume":"9","author":"M Ahmed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmed M, Seraj R, Islam SMS (2020) The k-means algorithm: a comprehensive survey and performance evaluation. Electronics 9:1295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/electronics9081295","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"4389_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez-Mac\u00edas A, Santos-Ch\u00e1vez VM, \u00c1lvarez-Mac\u00edas A, Santos-Ch\u00e1vez VM (2019) Alcances de la pol\u00edtica pecuaria en M\u00e9xico. El caso del Progan 2008\u20132013 Estudios sociales. Revista de alimentaci\u00f3n contempor\u00e1nea y desarrollo regional, 29 (Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo A.C.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24836\/es.v29i53.650","DOI":"10.24836\/es.v29i53.650"},{"key":"4389_CR4","unstructured":"Amendola-Massiotti R, Castillo-Gallegos E, Martinez-Hern\u00e1ndez PA (2005) Country pasture\/forage resource profiles Mexico. J. Suttie and S. Reynolds (eds), (Rome, Italy)"},{"key":"4389_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Angel-Hern\u00e1ndez A, Garc\u00eda-Mungu\u00eda CA, Garc\u00eda-Mungu\u00eda AM, Valencia-Posadas M, Hern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz J, Vel\u00e1zquez-Madrazo PA (2021) Tipificaci\u00f3n y caracterizaci\u00f3n del sistema de producci\u00f3n del cerdo criollo de la Regi\u00f3n Centro, M\u00e9xico Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios, 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19136\/era.a8n3.2777","DOI":"10.19136\/era.a8n3.2777"},{"key":"4389_CR6","first-page":"501","volume":"2","author":"AV Ayala-Garay","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ayala-Garay AV, Ma S-J, Rindermann RS, Almaguer-Vargas G, Jolalpa-Barrera JL (2011) Determinaci\u00f3n de la competitividad del sector agropecuario en M\u00e9xico 1980\u20132009. Rev Mex De Ciencias Agricolas 2:501\u2013514","journal-title":"Rev Mex De Ciencias Agricolas"},{"key":"4389_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2020.01.005","volume":"59","author":"S Ayesha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ayesha S, Hanif MK, Talib R (2020) Overview and comparative study of dimensionality reduction techniques for high dimensional data. Inform Fusion 59:44\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inffus.2020.01.005","journal-title":"Inform Fusion"},{"key":"4389_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spc.2022.08.012","volume":"33","author":"L Barros","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barros L, Mart\u00ednez-Zarzoso I (2022) Systematic literature review on trade liberalization and sustainable development. Sustain Prod Consumpt 33:921\u2013931. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spc.2022.08.012","journal-title":"Sustain Prod Consumpt"},{"key":"4389_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bautista-Mart\u00ednez Y, Granados-Zurita L, Joaqu\u00edn-Cancino S, Ruiz-Albarr\u00e1n M, Garay-Mart\u00ednez JR, Infante-Rodr\u00edguez F, Granados-Rivera LD, Bautista-Mart\u00ednez Y, Granados-Zurita L, Joaqu\u00edn-Cancino S, Ruiz-Albarr\u00e1n M, Garay-Mart\u00ednez JR, Infante-Rodriguez F, Granados Rivera LD (2020) Factores que determinan la producci\u00f3n de becerros en el sistema vaca-cr\u00eda del Estado de Tabasco, M\u00e9xico Nova Scientia, 12 (Universidad de La Salle Baj\u00edo A. C., Coordinaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21640\/ns.v12i25.2117","DOI":"10.21640\/ns.v12i25.2117"},{"key":"4389_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.110944","volume":"271","author":"JJ Cadillo-Benalcazar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cadillo-Benalcazar JJ, Renner A, Giampietro M (2020) A multiscale integrated analysis of the factors characterizing the sustainability of food systems in Europe. J Environ Manage 271:110944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.110944","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"4389_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.22231\/asyd.v18i4.1540","volume":"18","author":"VM Castillo Gir\u00f3n","year":"2022","unstructured":"Castillo Gir\u00f3n VM, Ayala Ram\u00edrez S (2022) Organizaci\u00f3n y nuevos rasgos alimentarios en el campo mexicano: alternativas productivas en Ameca. Jalisco Agri Soc Desarrollo 18:471\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22231\/asyd.v18i4.1540","journal-title":"Jalisco Agri Soc Desarrollo"},{"key":"4389_CR12","unstructured":"Cavallotti-V\u00e1zquez BA, Rojo-Mart\u00ednez GE, Ces\u00edn-Vargas A, Ram\u00edrez-Valverde B, Marcof-\u00c1lvarez CF (2013) La ganader\u00eda en la seguridad alimentaria de las familias campesinas, B. Nava-Moreno (ed), (Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Chapingo: Chapingo, Estado de M\u00e9xico)"},{"key":"4389_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ch\u00e1vez-Espinoza M, Cant\u00fa-Silva I, Gonz\u00e1lez-Rodr\u00edguez H, Monta\u00f1ez-Valdez OD (2022) Sistemas de producci\u00f3n de peque\u00f1os rumiantes en M\u00e9xico y su efecto en la sostenibilidad productiva Revista MVZ C\u00f3rdoba, 27: e2246\u2013e2246 (Biblioteca Universidad de Cordoba). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21897\/rmvz.2246","DOI":"10.21897\/rmvz.2246"},{"key":"4389_CR14","unstructured":"CONAPO (2020) \u00cdndice de marginaci\u00f3n por entidad federativa y municipio. Consejo Nacional de Poblaci\u00f3n (CONAPO). https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/conapo\/documentos\/indices-de-marginacion-2020-284372. Accessed 3 June 2021"},{"key":"4389_CR15","unstructured":"COTECOCA (2014) Compendio de estadisticas ambientales 2020 - Coeficientes de agostadero por entidad. Comisi\u00f3n T\u00e9cnico Consultiva de Coeficientes de Agostadero (COTECOCA). https:\/\/apps1.semarnat.gob.mx:8443\/dgeia\/gob-mx\/publicaciones.html. Accessed 3 June 2021"},{"key":"4389_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D\u2019agostino RB, Russell HK (2005) Scree Test In:, Encyclopedia of Biostatistics. Wiley, Chichester. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/0470011815.b2a10082","DOI":"10.1002\/0470011815.b2a10082"},{"key":"4389_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1051\/agro\/2009053","volume":"30","author":"I Darnhofer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Darnhofer I, Bellon S, Dedieu B, Milestad R (2010) Adaptiveness to enhance the sustainability of farming systems: a review. Agro Sustain Dev 30:545\u2013555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/agro\/2009053","journal-title":"Agro Sustain Dev"},{"key":"4389_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Darnhofer I, Gibbon D, Dedieu B (2012) Farming systems research: an approach to inquiry In:, Farming systems research into the 21st Century: the new dynamic. Springer, Dordrecht. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-007-4503-2_1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-4503-2_1"},{"key":"4389_CR19","volume-title":"Analisis estadistico multivariante. Un enfoque teorico y practico","author":"J De la Garza-Garcia","year":"2013","unstructured":"De la Garza-Garcia J, Morales-Serrano BN, Gonzalez-Cavazos BA (2013) Analisis estadistico multivariante. Un enfoque teorico y practico. Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, McGraw-Hill Interamericana"},{"key":"4389_CR20","unstructured":"Dixon J, Gulliver A, Gibbon D, Hall M (2001) Farming systems and poverty. Improving farmer\u2019s livelihoods in a changing world. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and World Bank (eds). Rome. http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/126251468331211716\/Farming-systems-and-poverty-improving-farmers-livelihoods-in-a-changing-world. Accessed 16 April 2022"},{"key":"4389_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpolmod.2019.07.004","volume":"42","author":"C Dutilly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dutilly C, Alary V, Bonnet P, Lesnoff M, Fandamu P, de Haan C (2020) Multi-scale assessment of the livestock sector for policy design in Zambia. J Pol Modeling 42:401\u2013418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpolmod.2019.07.004","journal-title":"J Pol Modeling"},{"key":"4389_CR22","unstructured":"Echavarr\u00eda-Ch\u00e1irez F, G\u00f3mez-Ruiz W (2013) Los sistemas de producci\u00f3n de rumiantes menores en M\u00e9xico y sus limitantes productivas. In: I\u00f1iguez-Rojas L (ed) La producci\u00f3n de rumiantes en las zonas \u00e1ridas de Latinoam\u00e9rica. Embrapa, Brasilia, pp 95\u2013114"},{"key":"4389_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.22319\/rmcp.v12s3.5876","volume":"12","author":"JF Enr\u00edquez Quiroz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Enr\u00edquez Quiroz JF, Esqueda Esquivel VA, Mart\u00ednez M\u00e9ndez D (2021) Rehabilitaci\u00f3n de praderas degradadas en el tr\u00f3pico de M\u00e9xico. Rev Mex Ciencias Pecuarias 12:243\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22319\/rmcp.v12s3.5876","journal-title":"Rev Mex Ciencias Pecuarias"},{"key":"4389_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Escare\u00f1o-S\u00e1nchez LM, Wurzinger M, Pastor-L\u00f3pez F, Salinas H, S\u00f6lkner J, I\u00f1iguez L (2011) La cabra y los sistemas de produccion caprina de los peque\u00f1os productores de la comarca lagunera, en el norte de M\u00e9xico Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente, XVII, 235\u2013246 (Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Chapingo, Coordinaci\u00f3n de Revistas Institucionales). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5154\/r.rchscfa.2010.10.087","DOI":"10.5154\/r.rchscfa.2010.10.087"},{"key":"4389_CR25","first-page":"127","volume":"39","author":"JA Espinosa-Garc\u00eda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Espinosa-Garc\u00eda JA (2012) Productividad de los sistema-producto pecuarios en M\u00e9xico. Rev Mex De Ciencias Pecuarias 39:127\u2013138","journal-title":"Rev Mex De Ciencias Pecuarias"},{"key":"4389_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crm.2021.100358","volume":"34","author":"M Faisal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Faisal M, Abbas A, Xia C, Haseeb Raza M, Akhtar S, Arslan Ajmal M, Mushtaq Z, Cai Y (2021) Assessing small livestock herders\u2019 adaptation to climate variability and its impact on livestock losses and poverty. Clim Risk Manag 34:100358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crm.2021.100358","journal-title":"Clim Risk Manag"},{"key":"4389_CR27","unstructured":"FAO (2019) El sistema alimentario en M\u00e9xico - Oportunidades para el campo mexicano en la Agenda 2030 de Desarrollo Sonstenible. https:\/\/opsaa.iica.int\/resource-909-el-sistema-alimentario-en-mexico.-oportunidades-para-el-campo-mexicano-en-la-agenda-2030-de-desarrollo-sostenible. Accessed 02 June 2021"},{"key":"4389_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Feng J, Xu H, Yan S (2012) Robust PCA in high-dimension: a deterministic approach. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1206.4628","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1206.4628"},{"key":"4389_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Figueroa-Sandoval B, Coronado-Minjarez MA, Garc\u00eda-Herrera EJ, Ram\u00edrez-L\u00f3pez A, Sangerman-Jarqu\u00edn DM, Figueroa-Rodr\u00edguez KA (2019) Production system diversification and livelihood in the Drylands of North Central Mexico. Sustainability 11: 2750 (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su11102750","DOI":"10.3390\/su11102750"},{"key":"4389_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/27685241.2021.1956220","volume":"93","author":"RM Freitas Silveira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Freitas Silveira RM, de Vasconcelos AM, da Silva VJ, Ortiz Vega WH, Toro-Mujica P, Ferreira J (2021) Typification, characterization, and differentiation of sheep production systems in the Brazilian semiarid region. NJAS: Impact Agri Life Sci 93:48\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/27685241.2021.1956220","journal-title":"NJAS: Impact Agri Life Sci"},{"key":"4389_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fresco LO, Westphal E (1988) A hierarchical classification of farm systems. Exp Agri 24: 399\u2013419 Cambridge University Press (CUP). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0014479700100146","DOI":"10.1017\/S0014479700100146"},{"key":"4389_CR32","unstructured":"FUNDAR (2019) Programa PROGAN (Subsidios al Campo en M\u00e9xico). Centro de An\u00e1lisis e Investigaci\u00f3n A.C. http:\/\/subsidiosalcampo.org.mx\/analiza\/padrones\/programa-progan\/. Accessed 02 June 2022"},{"key":"4389_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-018-0550-2","volume":"39","author":"D Gait\u00e1n-Cremaschi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gait\u00e1n-Cremaschi D, Klerkx L, Duncan J, Trienekens JH, Huenchuleo C, Dogliotti S, Contesse ME, Rossing WAH (2019) Characterizing diversity of food systems in view of sustainability transitions: a review. Agro Sustain Dev 39:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13593-018-0550-2","journal-title":"Agro Sustain Dev"},{"key":"4389_CR34","volume-title":"Cadena productiva de carne bovina en el estado de Jalisco, M\u00e9xico (en l\u00ednea)","author":"A Gamboa-Chavarr\u00eda","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gamboa-Chavarr\u00eda A, Acu\u00f1a-Torres S, Escobedo-Aguilar A, Betanzos-Sim\u00f3n JE, Sep\u00falveda-L\u00f3pez C (2023) Cadena productiva de carne bovina en el estado de Jalisco, M\u00e9xico (en l\u00ednea). Turrialba, Costa Rica, CATIE- Centro Agron\u00f3mico Tropical de Investigaci\u00f3n y Ense\u00f1anza"},{"key":"4389_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Villegas JDD, Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez A, Arriaga-Jord\u00e1n CM, Ruiz-Torres ME, Rayas-Amor AA, Dorward P, Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda CG (2020) Use of information and communication technologies in small-scale dairy production systems in central Mexico. Exp Agricult 56: 767\u2013779 (Cambridge University Press). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0014479720000319","DOI":"10.1017\/S0014479720000319"},{"key":"4389_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11010100","volume":"11","author":"S Ghimire","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghimire S, Wang J, Fleck JR (2021) integrated crop-livestock systems for nitrogen management: a multi-scale spatial analysis. Animals 11:100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani11010100","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"4389_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Padilla E, Lassala A, Pedernera M, Guti\u00e9rrez CG (2019) Cow-calf management practices in Mexico: farm organization and infrastructure. Vet M\u00e9xico OA, 6: 1\u201317 (Raymundo Martinez Pena). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22201\/fmvz.24486760e.2019.3.677","DOI":"10.22201\/fmvz.24486760e.2019.3.677"},{"key":"4389_CR38","unstructured":"Grace D, Bett B, Lindahl J, Robinson T (2015) Climate and livestock disease: assessing the vulnerability of agricultural systems to livestock pests under climate change scenarios. CCAFS Working Paper, Copenhagen , 27 pp. https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/66595. Accessed 01 June 2021"},{"issue":"8","key":"4389_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20220397","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-8478cr20220397","volume":"53","author":"F Guevara-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guevara-Hern\u00e1ndez F, O-Arias MA, Aguilar-V\u00e1zquez EH, Ruiz-S\u00e1nchez E, Mart\u00ednez-Aguilar F, Aguilar-Jim\u00e9nez CE (2023) Backyards: typology and contribution to food security in Mexico. Ci\u00eancia Rural 53(8):20220397","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia Rural"},{"key":"4389_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guevara-Hern\u00e1ndez F, O-Arias MAL, Aguilar-V\u00e1zquez EH, Ruiz-S\u00e1nchez E, Mart\u00ednez-Aguilar F, Aguilar-Jim\u00e9nez CE (2023) Backyards: typology and contribution to food security in Mexico. Ci\u00eancia Rural 53:e20220397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0103-8478cr20220397","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-8478cr20220397"},{"key":"4389_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Husson F, Le S, Pag\u00e8s J (2017) Exploratory multivariate analysis by example using R, 2nd edn. Chapman and Hall\/CRC. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/b21874","DOI":"10.1201\/b21874"},{"key":"4389_CR42","unstructured":"INEGI (2013) Continuo de Elevaciones Mexicano (CEM 3.0). Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Geograf\u00eda (INEGI). https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/app\/geo2\/elevacionesmex\/. Accessed 02 June 2022"},{"key":"4389_CR43","unstructured":"INEGI (2016) Actualizaci\u00f3n del Marco Censal Agropecuario. Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Geograf\u00eda (INEGI). https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/programas\/amca\/2016\/. Accessed 02 June 2022"},{"key":"4389_CR44","unstructured":"INEGI (2017) Conjunto de datos vectoriales de la carta de uso del suelo y vegetacion (Escala 1:250 000) - Serie VI. Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Geograf\u00eda (INEGI). https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/app\/biblioteca\/ficha.html?upc=889463173359. Accessed 02 June 2022"},{"key":"4389_CR45","unstructured":"INEGI (2019a) Encuesta Nacional Agropecuaria 2019. Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Geograf\u00eda (INEGI). https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/programas\/ena\/2019\/. Accessed 02 June 2022"},{"key":"4389_CR46","unstructured":"INEGI (2019b) Producto Interno Bruto por actividad econ\u00f3mica en Mexico. Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Geograf\u00eda (INEGI). https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/temas\/pib\/. Accessed 02 June 2022"},{"key":"4389_CR47","unstructured":"INEGI (2020) Censo de Poblaci\u00f3n y Vivienda - Poblaci\u00f3n estatal 2020. Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Geograf\u00eda (INEGI). https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/programas\/ccpv\/2020\/. Accessed 02 June 2022"},{"key":"4389_CR48","first-page":"31","volume":"4","author":"RA Jim\u00e9nez-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Jim\u00e9nez RA, Rend\u00f3n-Rend\u00f3n MC, Ch\u00e1vez-P\u00e9rez LM, Soler Fonseca DM (2019) La Polarizaci\u00f3n de los sistemas de producci\u00f3n pecuaria en m\u00e9xico\u202f: the polarization of livestock production systems in Mexico. Ciencia y Tecnologia Agropecuaria 4:31\u201339","journal-title":"Ciencia y Tecnologia Agropecuaria"},{"key":"4389_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2018.2846730","volume":"106","author":"IM Johnstone","year":"2018","unstructured":"Johnstone IM, Paul D (2018) PCA in High Dimensions: An Orientation. Proc IEEE 106:1277\u20131292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JPROC.2018.2846730","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"key":"4389_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2016.05.014","volume":"155","author":"JW Jones","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jones JW, Antle JM, Basso B, Boote KJ, Conant RT, Foster I, Godfray HCJ, Herrero M, Howitt RE, Janssen S, Keating BA, Munoz-Carpena R, Porter CH, Rosenzweig C, Wheeler TR (2017) Brief history of agricultural systems modeling. Agric Syst 155:240\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agsy.2016.05.014","journal-title":"Agric Syst"},{"key":"4389_CR51","unstructured":"Kassambara A, Mundt F (2020) factoextra: extract and visualize the results of multivariate data analyses. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/factoextra\/index.html. Accessed 02 May 2022"},{"key":"4389_CR52","unstructured":"Kassambara A (2017) Practical guide to principal component methods in R - principal component analysis and correspondence analysis, (Statistical Tools For High-Troughput Data Analysis STHDA)"},{"key":"4389_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20978","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00372-w","volume":"11","author":"J Kaur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaur J, Prusty AK, Ravisankar N, Panwar AS, Shamim M, Walia SS, Chatterjee S, Pasha ML, Babu S, Jat ML, L\u00f3pez-Ridaura S, Groot JCJ, Toorop RA, Barba-Escoto L, Noopur K, Kashyap P (2021) Farm typology for planning targeted farming systems interventions for smallholders in indo-gangetic plains of India. Sci Rep 11:20978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-00372-w","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4389_CR54","first-page":"607","volume":"71","author":"C Kay","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kay C (2009) Estudios rurales en Am\u00e9rica Latina en el periodo de globalizaci\u00f3n neoliberal: \u00bfuna nueva ruralidad? Rev Mex Sociol 71:607\u2013664","journal-title":"Rev Mex Sociol"},{"key":"4389_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lassala A, Hern\u00e1ndez-Cer\u00f3n J, Pedernera M, Gonz\u00e1lez-Padilla E, Guti\u00e9rrez CG (2020) Cow-calf management practices in Mexico: reproduction and breeding. Veterinaria M\u00e9xico OA, 7 (Raymundo Martinez Pena). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22201\/fmvz.24486760e.2020.1.839","DOI":"10.22201\/fmvz.24486760e.2020.1.839"},{"key":"4389_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v025.i01","volume":"25","author":"S L\u00ea","year":"2008","unstructured":"L\u00ea S, Josse J, Husson F (2008) FactoMineR: an R package for multivariate analysis. J Stat Softw 25:1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v025.i01","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"4389_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.31893\/jabb.21018","volume":"9","author":"ERJ Lizbeth","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lizbeth ERJ, Hernandez AX, Benaouda M, Avalos JO, Corona L, Gallegos EC, Castelan AOO, Gonzalez-Ronquillo M (2021) Concentrate supplementation on milk yield, methane and CO2 production in crossbred dairy cows grazing in tropical climate regions. J Anim Behav Biometeorol 9:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31893\/jabb.21018","journal-title":"J Anim Behav Biometeorol"},{"key":"4389_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.5424\/sjar\/2013112-3295","volume":"11","author":"W Madry","year":"2013","unstructured":"Madry W, Mena Y, Roszkowska-Madra B, Gozdowski D, Hryniewski R, Castel JM (2013) An overview of farming system typology methodologies and its use in the study of pasture-based farming system: a review. Span J Agric Res 11:316\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5424\/sjar\/2013112-3295","journal-title":"Span J Agric Res"},{"key":"4389_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1080\/20421338.2018.1471027","volume":"10","author":"C Makate","year":"2018","unstructured":"Makate C, Makate M, Mango N (2018) Farm household typology and adoption of climate-smart agriculture practices in smallholder farming systems of southern Africa. Afr J Sci Technol Innov Dev 10:421\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20421338.2018.1471027","journal-title":"Afr J Sci Technol Innov Dev"},{"issue":"26","key":"4389_CR60","first-page":"132","volume":"3","author":"JC Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez JC, Castillo-Rodr\u00edguez SP, Villalobos-Cort\u00e9s A, Hern\u00e1ndez-Mel\u00e9ndez J (2017) Sistemas de producci\u00f3n con rumiantes en M\u00e9xico. Ciencia Agropecuaria. 3(26):132\u2013152","journal-title":"Ciencia Agropecuaria."},{"key":"4389_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2019.102656","volume":"176","author":"MPM Meuwissen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meuwissen MPM, Feindt PH, Spiegel A, Termeer CJAM, Mathijs E, de Mey Y, Finger R, Balmann A, Wauters E, Urquhart J, Vigani M, Zawali\u0144ska K, Herrera H, Nicholas-Davies P, Hansson H, Paas W, Slijper T, Coopmans I, Vroege W, Ciechomska A, Accatino F, Kopainsky B, Poortvliet PM, Candel JJL, Maye D, Severini S, Senni S, Soriano B, Lagerkvist C-J, Peneva M, Gavrilescu C, Reidsma P (2019) A framework to assess the resilience of farming systems. Agric Syst 176:102656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agsy.2019.102656","journal-title":"Agric Syst"},{"key":"4389_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21930\/rcta.vol22_num1_art:1742","volume":"22","author":"IE Monta\u00f1o M\u00e9ndez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Monta\u00f1o M\u00e9ndez IE, Avenda\u00f1o Ru\u00edz BD, \u00c1vila Arce A, de Gonz\u00e1lez Mil\u00e1n D, J. (2021) Competitividad y el desequilibrio comercial de M\u00e9xico en el mercado mundial de carne de bovino, 1990\u20132016. Ciencia Tecnolog\u00eda Agropecuaria 22:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21930\/rcta.vol22_num1_art:1742","journal-title":"Ciencia Tecnolog\u00eda Agropecuaria"},{"key":"4389_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13570-020-00187-w","volume":"11","author":"Y Mugumaarhahama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mugumaarhahama Y, Ayagirwe RBB, Mutwedu VB, Cirezi NC, Wasso DS, Azine PC, Karume K (2021) Characterization of smallholder cattle production systems in South-Kivu province, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Pastoralism 11:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13570-020-00187-w","journal-title":"Pastoralism"},{"key":"4389_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-019-02373-1","volume":"153","author":"GN Murray-Tortarolo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Murray-Tortarolo GN, Jaramillo VJ (2019) The impact of extreme weather events on livestock populations: the case of the 2011 drought in Mexico. Clim Change 153:79\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10584-019-02373-1","journal-title":"Clim Change"},{"key":"4389_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sciaf.2020.e00458","volume":"8","author":"CM Musafiri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Musafiri CM, Macharia JM, Ngetich OK, Kiboi MN, Okeyo J, Shisanya CA, Okwuosa EA, Mugendi DN, Ngetich FK (2020) Farming systems\u2019 typologies analysis to inform agricultural greenhouse gas emissions potential from smallholder rain-fed farms in Kenya. Sci Afr 8:e00458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sciaf.2020.e00458","journal-title":"Sci Afr"},{"key":"4389_CR66","first-page":"53","volume":"18","author":"JM Palma-Garc\u00eda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Palma-Garc\u00eda JM (2014) Escenarios De Sistemas De Producci\u00f3n De Carne De Bovino En M\u00e9xico. Avances En Investigaci\u00f3n Agropecuaria 18:53\u201362","journal-title":"Avances En Investigaci\u00f3n Agropecuaria"},{"key":"4389_CR67","unstructured":"PGN (2019) Estadistica pecuaria - registro de unidades de producci\u00f3n pecuaria. Padr\u00f3n Ganadero Nacional (PGN). https:\/\/www.pgn.org.mx\/ Accessed 18 January 2020"},{"key":"4389_CR68","unstructured":"PGN (2020) Listado individual de Prestadores de Servicios Ganaderos. Secretar\u00eda de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural (SADER)"},{"key":"4389_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pires AM, Branco JA (2019) High dimensionality: the latest challenge to data analysis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1902.04679","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1902.04679"},{"key":"4389_CR70","volume-title":"Investigacion en Sistemas de Produccion Pecuaria: 10 a\u00f1os de experiencia en Mexico y Centroamerica","author":"C Pomareda","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pomareda C, Vargas H (1997) Investigacion en Sistemas de Produccion Pecuaria: 10 a\u00f1os de experiencia en Mexico y Centroamerica. San Jos\u00e9, Costa Rica, Centro Internacional de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo (CIID)"},{"key":"4389_CR71","unstructured":"R Core Team (2021) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R foundation for statistical computing, Vienna"},{"key":"4389_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rangel J, Perea J, De-Pablos-heredero C, Espinosa-Garc\u00eda JA, Mujica PT, Feijoo M, Barba C, Garc\u00eda A (2020) Structural and technological characterization of tropical smallholder farms of dual-purpose cattle in Mexico. Animals 10: 86. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani10010086","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10010086"},{"key":"4389_CR73","unstructured":"Robinson T, Thornton P, Franceschini G, Kruska R, Chiozza F, Notenbaert A, Cecchi G, Herrero M, Epprecht M, Fritz S, You L, Conchedda G, See L (2011) Global livestock production systems. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO], International Livestock Research Institute [ILRI], Rome"},{"key":"4389_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40","DOI":"10.1017\/S0014479722000369","volume":"58","author":"ME Ruiz-Torres","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ruiz-Torres ME, Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez A, Arriaga-Jord\u00e1n CM, Dorward P, Rayas-Amor AA, Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda CG (2022) Role of small-scale dairy production systems in central Mexico in reducing rural poverty. Exp Agric 58:e40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0014479722000369","journal-title":"Exp Agric"},{"key":"4389_CR75","first-page":"243","volume":"4","author":"JM Salas-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salas-Gonz\u00e1lez JM, Leos-Rodr\u00edguez JA, Sagarnaga-Villegas LM, Zavala-Pineda MJ (2013) Adopci\u00f3n de tecnolog\u00edas por productores beneficiarios del programa de est\u00edmulos a la productividad ganadera (PROGAN) en M\u00e9xico. Rev Mex de Cienc Pecuarias 4:243\u2013254","journal-title":"Rev Mex de Cienc Pecuarias"},{"key":"4389_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2020.104028","volume":"237","author":"JA Salinas-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salinas-Mart\u00ednez JA, Posadas-Dom\u00ednguez RR, Morales-D\u00edaz LD, Rebollar-Rebollar S, Rojo-Rubio R (2020) Cost analysis and economic optimization of small-scale dairy production systems in Mexico. Livest Sci 237:104028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.livsci.2020.104028","journal-title":"Livest Sci"},{"key":"4389_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jafr.2021.100190","volume":"5","author":"U Sekaran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sekaran U, Lai L, Ussiri DAN, Kumar S, Clay S (2021) Role of integrated crop-livestock systems in improving agriculture production and addressing food security \u2013 A review. J Agri Food Res 5:100190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jafr.2021.100190","journal-title":"J Agri Food Res"},{"key":"4389_CR78","unstructured":"SENASICA (2019) Organos de coadyuvancia en salud animal - Directorio Nacional de M\u00e9dicos Veterinarios Responsables Autorizados. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASICA). https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/senasica\/documentos\/organos-de-coadyuvancia-49059. Accessed 3 June 2021"},{"key":"4389_CR79","unstructured":"SENASICA (2020) Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiol\u00f3gica SIVE - Informe de la Situaci\u00f3n Zoosanitaria Nacional. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASICA). https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/senasica\/acciones-y-programas\/sistema-nacional-de-vigilancia-epidemiologica-sive-387894. Accessed 3 June 2021"},{"key":"4389_CR80","unstructured":"SENASICA (2021) Organos de coadyuvancia en salud animal - Directorio de laboratorios de diagn\u00f3stico autorizado. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASICA). https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/senasica\/documentos\/organos-de-coadyuvancia-49059. Accessed 3 June 2021"},{"key":"4389_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shaner WW (2019) Farming systems research and development, 1st ed. Routledge, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780429049163","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429049163"},{"key":"4389_CR82","unstructured":"SIAP (2019a) Capacidad instalada para sacrificio de especies pecuarias. Servicio de Informaci\u00f3n Agroalimentaria y Pesquera (SIAP). https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/siap\/articulos\/capacidad-instalada-para-sacrificio?idiom=es#:~:text=La%20capacidad%20instalada%20para%20sacrificio,humanos%20y%20tecnolog%C3%ADa%2C%20entre%20otros. Accessed 3 June 2021"},{"key":"4389_CR83","unstructured":"SIAP (2019b) Cierre de la producci\u00f3n anual agr\u00edcola. Servicio de Informaci\u00f3n Agroalimentaria y Pesquera (SIAP). https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/siap\/acciones-y-programas\/produccion-agricola-33119. Accessed 3 June 2021"},{"key":"4389_CR84","unstructured":"SIAP (2020) Producci\u00f3n anual ganadera. Servicio de Informaci\u00f3n Agroalimentaria y Pesquera (SIAP). https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/siap\/acciones-y-programas\/produccion-pecuaria. Accessed 3 June 2021"},{"key":"4389_CR85","unstructured":"SIAP (2021) Exportacion de ganado bovino en pie a los Estados Unidos de America. Servicio de Informaci\u00f3n Agroalimentaria y Pesquera (SIAP). https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/siap\/prensa\/exportacion-de-ganado-bovino-103649. Accessed 5 January 2022"},{"key":"4389_CR86","unstructured":"SIAP (2023a) Infografias agroalimentarias. Servicio de Informaci\u00f3n Agroalimentaria y Pesquera (SIAP). https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/siap\/acciones-y-programas\/infografias-agroalimentarias. Accessed 3 July 2023"},{"key":"4389_CR87","unstructured":"SIAP (2023b) Panorama agroalimentario. Servicio de Informaci\u00f3n Agroalimentaria y Pesquera (SIAP). https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/siap\/acciones-y-programas\/panorama-agroalimentario-258035. Accessed 3 July 2023"},{"key":"4389_CR88","unstructured":"Skaggs R, Acu\u00f1a R, Torell LA, Southard L (2004) Live cattle exports from Mexico into the United States: where do the cattle come from and where do they go? Choices, 19: 25\u201329.\u00a0https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/choices.19.1.0025. Accessed 10 January 2023"},{"key":"4389_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ten Napel J, van der Veen AA, Oosting SJ, Koerkamp PWGG (2011) A conceptual approach to design livestock production systems for robustness to enhance sustainability. Livest Sci 139:150\u2013160 (Elsevier). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.livsci.2011.03.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2011.03.007"},{"key":"4389_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Theusme C, Avenda\u00f1o-Reyes L, Mac\u00edas-Cruz U, Correa-Calder\u00f3n A, Garc\u00eda-Cueto RO, Mellado M, Vargas-Villamil L, Vicente-P\u00e9rez A (2021) Climate change vulnerability of confined livestock systems predicted using bioclimatic indexes in an arid region of M\u00e9xico. Sci Total Environ 751: 141779 (Elsevier). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141779"},{"key":"4389_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thornton PK (2010) Livestock production: recent trends, future prospects. Phil Trans Royal Soc B: Biol Sci 365: 2853\u20132867 (The Royal Society). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2010.0134","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0134"},{"key":"4389_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Trilleras JM, Jaramillo VJ, Vega EV, Balvanera P (2015) Effects of livestock management on the supply of ecosystem services in pastures in a tropical dry region of western Mexico. Agri Ecosyst Environ 211: 133\u2013144 (Elsevier). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agee.2015.06.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2015.06.011"},{"key":"4389_CR93","first-page":"85","volume":"15","author":"I V\u00e1zquez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2018","unstructured":"V\u00e1zquez-Mart\u00ednez I, Jaramillo-Villanueva JL, Bustamante-Gonz\u00e1lez \u00c1, Vargas-L\u00f3pez S, Calder\u00f3n-S\u00e1nchez F, Torres-Hern\u00e1ndez G, Pittroff W (2018) Estructura y tipolog\u00eda de las unidades de producci\u00f3n ovinas en el centro de M\u00e9xico. Agric Soc Desarro 15:85\u201397","journal-title":"Agric Soc Desarro"},{"key":"4389_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"V\u00e9lez Izquierdo A, Espinosa Garc\u00eda JA, Aguilar Romero F, V\u00e9lez Izquierdo A, Espinosa Garc\u00eda JA, Aguilar Romero F (2021) Type and characterization of rabbit farmers in Mexico\u2019s central states. Rev Mex de Cienc Pecuarias 12: 469\u2013486 (Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agr\u00edcolas y Pecuarias). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22319\/rmcp.v12i2.5811","DOI":"10.22319\/rmcp.v12i2.5811"},{"key":"4389_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2019.104939","volume":"165","author":"C Verdouw","year":"2019","unstructured":"Verdouw C, Sundmaeker H, Tekinerdogan B, Conzon D, Montanaro T (2019) Architecture framework of IoT-based food and farm systems: a multiple case study. Comput Electron Agric 165:104939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2019.104939","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"key":"4389_CR96","volume-title":"Analisis multivariado de datos. Aplicaci\u00f3n: sistemas de producci\u00f3n de doble prop\u00f3sito","author":"ML Vertel-Morinson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vertel-Morinson ML, Botero-Arango LM, Cepeda-Coronado JA (2016) Analisis multivariado de datos. Aplicaci\u00f3n: sistemas de producci\u00f3n de doble prop\u00f3sito. Barranquilla, Ediciones Universidad Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar"},{"key":"4389_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Villarroel-Molina O, De-Pablos-Heredero C, Rangel J, Vitale MP, Garc\u00eda A (2021) Usefulness of network analysis to characterize technology leaders in small dual-purpose cattle farms in Mexico. Sustainability 13: 2291 (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su13042291","DOI":"10.3390\/su13042291"},{"key":"4389_CR98","unstructured":"Villegas-Duran G, Bola\u00f1os-Medina A, Olguin-Prado L (2001) La ganader\u00eda en M\u00e9xico. In: Otero-Andres D and Pav\u00f3n M (eds). Instituto de Geograf\u00eda, UNAM, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico"},{"key":"4389_CR99","unstructured":"Wadsworth J (1997) An\u00e1lisis de sistemas de producci\u00f3n animal - Tomo 1: las bases conceptuales In:, J. Wadsworth (ed), Estudio FAO Producci\u00f3n y Sanidad Animal 140\/2, (Organizaci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentaci\u00f3n: Roma)"},{"key":"4389_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-020-02241-6","volume":"52","author":"B Zoma-Traor\u00e9","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zoma-Traor\u00e9 B, Soudr\u00e9 A, Ou\u00e9draogo-Kon\u00e9 S, Khayatzadeh N, Probst L, S\u00f6lkner J, M\u00e9sz\u00e1ros G, Burger PA, Traor\u00e9 A, Sanou M, Ou\u00e9draogo GMS, Traor\u00e9 L, Ou\u00e9draogo D, Yougbar\u00e9 B, Wurzinger M (2020) From farmers to livestock keepers: a typology of cattle production systems in south-western Burkina Faso. Trop Anim Health Prod 52:2179\u20132189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-020-02241-6","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"}],"container-title":["Tropical Animal Health and Production"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11250-025-04389-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11250-025-04389-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11250-025-04389-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T05:56:14Z","timestamp":1745992574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11250-025-04389-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["4389"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-025-04389-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0049-4747","1573-7438"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0049-4747","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7438","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Our study did not involve direct participation of humans or animals. Instead, we conducted a retrospective analysis of information related to indicators and data associated with productive activities in Mexico. Therefore, an ethics committee was not consulted as there was no direct interaction with human subjects, nor were animal data collected. Additionally, it\u2019s important to note that no sensitive or private information was collected from any individual during this study. Data collection adhered to Mexican government regulations regarding confidentiality and personal data protection.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"140"}}