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Probiotic represents an alternative to counteract those negative effects. This study evaluated the performance and intestinal integrity of HS chickens supplemented with a\n                    <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    based probiotic in two 35-d periods. Period 1 was conducted under thermoneutral conditions (TN; 25.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7\u00a0\u00b0C) using 150 one-day old chickens (Ross-308) randomly assigned to two dietary treatments: TN birds fed a standard diet without (TN-S) or added with 0.05% probiotic (TN-P)\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Period 2 was conducted under HS (29.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6\u00a0\u00b0C) with 120 one-day old chickens fed the standard diet without (HS-S) or with 0.05% probiotic (HS-P). On day 35, ten birds per treatment were sacrificed and jejunum was collected. HS and probiotic supplementation reduced feed intake from d-1 to d-35 (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Feed conversion from day 1 to 21 was better in HS compared to TN chickens, but the opposite occurred from d-1 to d-35 (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Overall, from d-1 to d-35, body weight and daily gain were lower in HS than TN chickens (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), but these variables were higher in HS-P than HS-S chickens (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). HS chickens reduced villi height, and crypt depth, and increased villi height:crypt depth ratio compared to TN chickens (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), but probiotic supplementation increased them (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Probiotic supplementation increased claudin-5 expression during TN and HS periods (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and TJP-1 during TN period (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), but decreased occludin expression during HS (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In general,\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    supplementation positively impacts performance and epithelium integrity of the small intestine of HS broiler chickens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-025-04488-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T01:34:25Z","timestamp":1748568865000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effect of probiotic supplementation on productive performance and epithelial intestinal integrity of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Ana Cecilia","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Coronado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Cervantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nestor","family":"Arce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nydia","family":"V\u00e1squez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6721-2257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"4488_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13454","volume":"104","author":"ME Abd El-Hack","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abd El-Hack ME, El-Saadony MT, Shafi ME, Qattan SYA, Batiha GE, Khafaga AF, Abdel-Moneim AME, Alagawany M (2020) Probiotics in poultry feed: a comprehensive review. 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