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The sector, however, has substantial potential for emission reduction through improved practices.\n                    <jats:italic>Tithonia diversifolia<\/jats:italic>\n                    (TD), a shrub that thrives in low-fertility soils, offers promise as a sustainable feed alternative. This study explores whether ruderal TD, accessible but with variable nutritional quality, can be used to reduce enteric methane (CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) emissions and nitrogen (N) excretion in sheep, offering a low-input strategy for enhancing ruminant sustainability. Eight adult rams were used to evaluate diets with 4 increasing levels of TD hay on carbon dioxide (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    , nitrous oxide (N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O) and ammonia (NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) emissions, apparent digestibility, and fermentation parameters. The animals received four increasing levels of TD hay (0, 90, 270, 450\u00a0g kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                    DM) in a diet based on Tifton 85 hay, soybean meal, and ground corn. Feeding sheep with ruderal TD had no effects on intake and N balance but reduced digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral and acid detergent fiber, while crude protein digestibility remained unaffected. There was also a decrease in acetate and ruminal N-NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    concentrations, alongside an increase in iso-acid proportions. CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    , N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O and NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions were consistent across diets, averaging 98.05 gCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                    DMI, 9.3 gCH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                    DMI, 2.62 gN\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                    excreted N, and 37.8 gNH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                    excreted N. In conclusion, incorporating ruderal TD into sheep diets reduced nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation but did not impact feed intake, protein digestibility, or greenhouse gas emissions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-025-04664-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T12:03:31Z","timestamp":1758888211000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ruderal Tithonia diversifolia inclusion in sheep diets: impacts on digestibility and greenhouse gas emissions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3108-8159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sim\u00f3n","family":"P\u00e9rez-M\u00e1rquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2179-5861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vagner","family":"Ovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c2ngela Maria Quint\u00e3o","family":"Lana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7129-8463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helder","family":"Louvandini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5440-9974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adibe Luiz","family":"Abdalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5688-2255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rog\u00e9rio Martins","family":"Maur\u00edcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"4664_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-011-9992-0","volume":"44","author":"AL Abdalla","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abdalla AL, Louvandini H, Sallam SMAH et al (2012) In vitro evaluation, in vivo quantification, and microbial diversity studies of nutritional strategies for reducing enteric methane production. 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