{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:31:12Z","timestamp":1772119872049,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trop Anim Health Prod"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-025-04679-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T06:34:08Z","timestamp":1759818848000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular characterization and phylogenetic insights into Theileria annulata affecting cattle in Western Uttar Pradesh, India"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Vishnu Kumar","family":"Rai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arbind","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8438-5002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit Kumar","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prem Sagar","family":"Maurya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Jaiswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Ramakant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Surendra","family":"Upadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayush","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4679_CR1","first-page":"247","volume":"24","author":"AF Ahmad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahmad AF, Usman NM, Zahid AR, Mehnaz S, Adnan SM, Ben SM (2023) Molecular epidemiology, associated risk factors, and phylogeny of Theileria annulata infecting buffaloes and cattle from different agro-climatic regions of Punjab, Pakistan. Iran JVet Res 24(3):247\u2013257","journal-title":"Iran JVet Res"},{"key":"4679_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2022.106587","volume":"234","author":"M Asif","year":"2022","unstructured":"Asif M, Said MB, Parveen A, Ejaz A, Ikram M, Awais MM, Ozubek S, Aktas M, Baber M, Iqbal F (2022) Seasonal survey, risk factor\u2019s analysis and genotyping of Theileria annulata infecting cattle in Punjab Province. Pakistan Acta Trop 234:106587","journal-title":"Pakistan Acta Trop"},{"key":"4679_CR3","first-page":"79","volume":"43","author":"F Aslam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aslam F, Rehman MU, Saleem G, Ashraf K, Hafeez MA, Saqib M (2023) Identification and molecular characterization of Theileria annulata with associated risk factors in naturally infected camels from selected districts in Punjab, Pakistan. Pak Vet J 43:79\u201384","journal-title":"Pak Vet J"},{"key":"4679_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-022-03158-y","volume":"54","author":"FA Atif","year":"2022","unstructured":"Atif FA, Abbas RZ, Mehnaz S, Qamar MF, Hussain K, Nazir MU, Zaman MA, Khan AU, Said MB (2022) First report on molecular surveillance based on duplex detection of Anaplasmamarginale and Theileria annulata in dairy cattle from Punjab, Pakistan. Trop Anim Health Prod 54:1\u20139","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"issue":"1","key":"4679_CR5","first-page":"16","volume":"39","author":"V Bhanot","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bhanot V, Ganguly A, Prakash A, Gupta R (2018) Comparative efficacy of direct blood PCR with microscopy for detection of theileriosis in cross breed cattle. Indian J Comp Microbiol Immunol Infect Dis 39(1):16\u201319","journal-title":"Indian J Comp Microbiol Immunol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2\u20134","key":"4679_CR7","first-page":"150","volume":"Parasitol182","author":"ME Chaisi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chaisi ME, Sibeko KP, Collins NE, Potgieter FT, Oosthuizen MC (2011) Identification of Theileria Parva and Theileriaspecies (buffalo) 18S rRNA gene sequence variants in the African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in Southern Africa. Vet Parasitol182(2\u20134):150\u2013162","journal-title":"Vet"},{"key":"4679_CR8","unstructured":"Chauhan RS, Srivastava SK, Yadav SP (2014) Molecular epidemiology of Theileria annulata in Northern India: a study of genetic diversity and distribution in bovine populations. J VetSci 3:253\u2013258"},{"issue":"3","key":"4679_CR10","first-page":"220","volume":"45","author":"S Ghosh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Kundu K, Sharma N (2012) Diagnostic techniques for the detection of Theileriaspecies in bovines: A comparative study of PCR and microscopy. J Vet Res 45(3):220\u2013226","journal-title":"J Vet Res"},{"key":"4679_CR11","first-page":"118","volume":"259","author":"S Ghosh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Singh BR, Sharma R (2018) Molecular detection and characterization of Theileria annulata in bovines: A survey in Uttar Pradesh. Vet Parasitol 259:118\u2013124","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4679_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.3906\/vet-2103-17","volume":"45","author":"S Gokpinar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gokpinar S, Gazyagci AN, Aydenizoz M, Kaya U (2021) A research on Babesia and Theileriaspecies in sheep and goats of K\u0131r\u0131kkale Province through molecular methods. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 45(5):912\u2013919","journal-title":"Turk J Vet Anim Sci"},{"key":"4679_CR13","first-page":"47","volume":"68","author":"G Habibi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Habibi G (2013) A comparative phylogenetic analysis of Theileriaspecies by using two 18Sribosomal RNA and Theileria annulata merozoite surface antigen. Gene Sequences Arch Razi Inst 68:47\u201352","journal-title":"Gene Sequences Arch Razi Inst"},{"issue":"12","key":"4679_CR14","first-page":"52","volume":"30","author":"TJ Harikrishnan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Harikrishnan TJ, Chellappa DJ, Balasundaram S (2001) Theileriaorientalis in a calf in Tamil Nadu. Cheiro 30(12):52\u201353","journal-title":"Cheiro"},{"issue":"4","key":"4679_CR15","first-page":"411","volume":"66","author":"DM Hillis","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hillis DM, Dixon MT (1991) Ribosomal DNA: molecular evolution and phylogenetic inference. QRev Biol 66(4):411\u2013453","journal-title":"QRev Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4679_CR16","first-page":"171","volume":"104","author":"HS Hussein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hussein HS, El-Dakhly KM, Abdel-Rahman MA (2018) Field evaluation of diagnostic tests for bovine theileriosis in egypt: PCR versus microscopy. J Parasitol 104(2):171\u2013177","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4679_CR17","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"S Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar S, Mohmad A, Parthasarathi BC, Fular A, Gupta S, Singh D (2018a) Current epidemiological status of bovine theileriosis in Indian scenario. Ann Clin Cytol Pathol 4(1):1\u20135","journal-title":"Ann Clin Cytol Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4679_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096","volume":"35","author":"S Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K (2018b) MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol 35(6):1547\u20131549","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"4679_CR19","unstructured":"Maiti SK (2021) Advances in diagnosis, therapeutic management and control of haemoprotozoan diseases in livestock. In: Approaches for Improving Livestock Productivity through Nutrition and Animal Health Management: SAU-Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya & National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE), Hyderabad, India. 2:50\u2009\u2013\u20098"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"4679_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.021","volume":"137","author":"A Manuja","year":"2006","unstructured":"Manuja A, Malhotra DV, Sikka VK, Sangwan AK, Sharma R, Kumar B, Nichani AK (2006) Isolates of Theileria annulata collected from different parts of India show phenotypic and genetic diversity. Vet Parasitol 137(3\u20134):242\u2013252","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4679_CR22","unstructured":"Minjauw B, McLeod A (2003) Tick-borne diseases and poverty. The impact of ticks and tick-borne diseases on the livelihood and marginal livestock owners. India and Eastern and Southern Africa. Research report. DFID Animal Health Programme, Centre of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh"},{"key":"4679_CR23","unstructured":"Mohan M (1972) In India, theileriosis was first reported by Lingard in 1905. IJVR11(2):87\u201389"},{"key":"4679_CR24","unstructured":"Peerapan TA, Chanutree K, Nopporn S, Mathirut M (2001) A short-term in vitro cultivation of Thai isolate Theileria sp. Sci. Asia 27:149\u2013156"},{"issue":"6","key":"4679_CR25","first-page":"2491","volume":"42","author":"FT Potgieter","year":"2004","unstructured":"Potgieter FT, Krecek RC, Coetzer JAW (2004) A standard procedure for Preparing thin blood smears for diagnostic purposes. J Clin Microbiol 42(6):2491\u20132494","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4679_CR26","first-page":"49","volume":"14","author":"VK Rai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rai VK, Singh A, Maurya PS, Ramakant, Singh D, Jaiswal V, Deepak D, Tyagi K, Verma AK (2024) Study on therapeutic management of tick-borne diseases in cross-bred cattle. Int JLivest Res 14(6):49\u201355","journal-title":"Int JLivest Res"},{"key":"4679_CR21","first-page":"543","volume":"85","author":"S Ramesh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ramesh S, Rajendran A, Veeraselvam M, Rajesh NV, Jayathangaraj MG (2003) Concurrent infection of B. bigemina and E. bovis in a cow. IVJ 85:543","journal-title":"IVJ"},{"key":"4679_CR27","volume-title":"Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual","author":"J Sambrook","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sambrook J, Russell DW (2001) Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual, 3rd edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York","edition":"3"},{"issue":"7","key":"4679_CR28","first-page":"478","volume":"58","author":"RA Sani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sani RA, Kabu MK, Bahrami S (2011) Schizont stage in lymphocytes as Koch blue bodies in theileriosis: A histopathological study. J Vet Med 58(7):478\u2013482","journal-title":"J Vet Med"},{"key":"4679_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-022-03156-0","volume":"54","author":"A Shahedi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shahedi A, Habibi G, Fathi S, Abdigoudarzi M, Afshari A, Bozorgi S, Chegini MR (2022) Molecular identification of Theileriaspecies in ruminants and ticks from Southern Littoral of Caspian Sea, Iran. Trop Anim Health Prod 54:1\u20139","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"4679_CR30","first-page":"88","volume":"243","author":"A Sharma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sharma A, Singh B, Kumar M (2017) Prevalence of bovine theileriosis in different States of india: A survey in Punjab and other regions. Vet Parasitol 243:88\u201392","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4679_CR31","first-page":"275","volume":"9","author":"UV Shastri","year":"1985","unstructured":"Shastri UV, Jadhav KV, Pathak SV, Shastri SR, Deshpande PD (1985) Studies on Theileriaspecies from buffalo, Bubalus bubalis, from Maharashtra. J Indian J Parasitol 9:275\u2013279","journal-title":"J Indian J Parasitol"},{"key":"4679_CR32","first-page":"173","volume":"12","author":"UV Shastri","year":"1988","unstructured":"Shastri UV, PathakSV, Jadhav KV, Deshpande PD (1988) Occurrence of Theileriaorientalis in bovines from Maharashtra state and its transmission by Haemaphysalisbispinosa ticks. Indian J Parasitol 12:173\u2013177","journal-title":"Indian J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"4679_CR33","first-page":"55","volume":"Parasitol130","author":"MT Shaw","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shaw MT, Smith CS, Thompson PN (2005) Comparison of conventional and molecular diagnostic methods for bovine theileriosis: microscopic examination versus PCR. Vet Parasitol130(1\u20132):55\u201360","journal-title":"Vet"},{"key":"4679_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soliman AM, Amer MM, Memon FU (2021) Comparing the efficacy of three diagnostic tools (microscopic examination, conventional PCR, and Real-Time PCR) in detecting Theileriaequi infection among Egyptian equines. R Sq1-12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-770255\/v1","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-770255\/v1"},{"key":"4679_CR35","unstructured":"Sudan V, Gupta R, Sharma K (2017a) The use of 18S rRNA gene in phylogenetic studies of parasites. J Parasitol Res 6129134"},{"issue":"8","key":"4679_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.56093\/ijans.v87i8.73470","volume":"87","author":"V Sudan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sudan V, Shanker D, Sharma B, Jaiswal AK, Singh A (2017b) Molecular characterization and sequence phylogenetic analysis of Babesia Bigemina cattle isolate from Mathura based on 18S ribosomal DNA gene. Indian J Anim Sci 87(8):977\u2013979","journal-title":"Indian J Anim Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4679_CR37","first-page":"153","volume":"106","author":"M Tariq","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tariq M, Verma R, Yadav S (2020) Molecular survey and genetic characterization of Theileria species in bovines of Uttar pradesh: evidence for the prevalence of Theileria annulata. J Parasitol 106(2):153\u2013160","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4679_CR38","first-page":"549","volume":"97","author":"G Uilenberg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Uilenberg G, de-VosAJ, Ristic M (1989) Theileria species in bovine lymphocytes: identification of Koch blue bodies. Parasitol 97(3):549\u2013554","journal-title":"Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4679_CR39","first-page":"185","volume":"33","author":"G Uilenberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Uilenberg G, Walker JA, Horak IG (2004) Water logging and its influence on the survival of tick populations and transmission of pathogens. Exp Appl Acarol 33(3):185\u2013191","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4679_CR40","first-page":"177","volume":"5","author":"R Velusamy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Velusamy R, Ponnudurai G, Larcombe S, Rani N, Kolte SW, Rubinibala B (2017) Prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in co-grazed dairy bovines differs by region and host type in Tamil Nadu, India. J Adv Dairy Res 5(2):177\u2013183","journal-title":"J Adv Dairy Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4679_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-014-0457-z","volume":"40","author":"AK Verma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Verma AK, Singh SK (2016) Control and therapeutic management of bovine tropical theileriosis in crossbred cattle. J Parasit Dis 40(1):208\u2013210","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"key":"4679_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.29261\/pakvetj\/2020.006","volume":"40","author":"SG Yousef","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yousef SG, El-Balkemy FA, El-Damaty HM (2020) Mutations in Theileria annulatacytochrome B gene associated with Buparvaquone resistance in cattle, Egypt. Pak Vet J 40:261\u2013263","journal-title":"Pak Vet J"}],"container-title":["Tropical Animal Health and Production"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11250-025-04679-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11250-025-04679-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11250-025-04679-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T14:04:16Z","timestamp":1764338656000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11250-025-04679-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["4679"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-025-04679-y","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7154385\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0049-4747","1573-7438"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0049-4747","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7438","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Internal Ethics Review Committee at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut has approved this study (Approval Number: IAEC\/SVPUAT\/2023\/135). All procedure for sample collection adhered to ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All authors consented to the publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors affirm that they are no conflicts of interest among them.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"426"}}