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Ninety nursing Holstein Friesian cows were randomly distributed to three groups: Control (C), low dosage (0.1\u00a0kg\/cow\/day, XE1), and high dose (0.2\u00a0kg\/cow\/day, XE2). Over the course of one week, known as the acclimatization period, we gradually exposed the cows to the extra food. Using XE components glycerol and propylene glycol made via fermentation with single-cell protein, the treatment ran for eight weeks. Milk composition and its production, along with blood metabolites, were evaluate. The XE2 group significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) improved total digestible nutrients and net energy\n                    <jats:italic>versus\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    control group. Compared to other groups, cows in the XE2 group produced the most milk during the weeks; their relative increase from 29.5\u00a0L\/day in week 1 to 31.5\u00a0L\/day in week 8 is statistically significant (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Milk fat and protein notably (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) increased in the high-dose group (XE2) by roughly 14% and 9%, respectively,\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0control cows. Blood metabolites like beta-hydroxybutyrate, non-esterified fatty acids went down (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and urea nitrogen was nonsignificant, even though insulin and blood glucose levels went up, which means metabolic health and energy balance got better. Particularly in cows with outstanding production potential, the study found that introducing energy supplementation into dairy diets improved energy balance, milk yield, milk composition, and blood metabolites.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-025-04816-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T11:13:07Z","timestamp":1766574787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Influence of energy supplementation on mitigating energy deficit and enhancing dairy performance in Holstein Friesian cows"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Hany M.","family":"Gado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona M. M. 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The use of animals in our study was in strict accordance with the Directions for Caring for Experimental Animals according to the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals 2020.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All authors agree to publish the findings of the current research.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors would like to declare that Professor Abdelfattah Z.M. Salem, who is one of the editorialboard members of Tropical Animal Health and Production and at the same time one of the manuscript authors, did not participate in any step of reviewingor evaluating this manuscript with the editorial journal team.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"19"}}