{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T16:02:58Z","timestamp":1779897778203,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005639","name":"Universidade De S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005639","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trop Anim Health Prod"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Following the global ban on mercury thermometers due to their toxicological risks, alternative devices such as digital, ecological (galinstan-based), and infrared thermometers, as well as infrared thermography, have emerged for veterinary use. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and agreement of these alternatives compared to the mercury thermometer for measuring body temperature in cattle. Twenty-four clinically healthy or stable cattle were monitored twice daily over five consecutive days. Rectal temperatures were recorded using mercury, digital, and ecological thermometers. Infrared thermometers and thermographic cameras were used to assess cutaneous temperatures at the forehead, eyes, axillae, and perineum. Correlation analyses (Pearson or Spearman) and Bland\u2013Altman plots were applied to determine agreement. Infrared thermography and infrared thermometer measurements at the eyes and perineum exhibited the highest correlations but failed to meet clinical agreement standards. In contrast, both ecological and digital thermometers showed strong correlation (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2265\u20090.85) and acceptable agreement limits with the mercury thermometer (mean difference\u2009&lt;\u20090.3\u00a0\u00b0C; SD\u2009&lt;\u20090.5\u00a0\u00b0C), indicating their suitability as substitutes in clinical practice. Despite the promise of infrared techniques for non-invasive screening, further validation is needed before clinical implementation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-026-05059-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T07:41:04Z","timestamp":1778571664000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative evaluation of thermography, infrared, mercury, digital, and ecological thermometers for body temperature measurements in cattle"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5660-3817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7062-0814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo Siuffi","family":"Abbud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7706-0392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly Grayce","family":"Perestrelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9857-0893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer Evangelista","family":"de Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0067-1377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia Marques Nascimento","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0327-1709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Claudia Araripe","family":"Sucupira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"5059_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baura G (2021) Thermometers. medical device technologies: a systems based overview using engineering standards, 2nd edn. 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