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The Ethics Committee on Animal Use of Shahrekord University approved the experimental protocol (SKU-1402R). Throughout the 42-day experiment, the following measures were implemented to ensure animal welfare: birds had ad libitum access to feed and water; ambient temperature was gradually reduced according to standard broiler management to avoid thermal stress; stocking density did not exceed 20 birds per 7.84\u00a0m\u00b2 pen (\u2248\u20092.55 birds\/m\u00b2); and euthanasia was performed by cervical dislocation after stunning to minimize pain, consistent with AVMA guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Animal welfare statement"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests. We declare have no competing interests and can be excluded from the peer review process if a competing interest exists.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"314"}}