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Two experiments were conducted for this purpose. Experiment 1 evaluated the infection rate by the intrastadial and transstadial routes. Calves naturally infected with\n                    <jats:italic>A. marginale<\/jats:italic>\n                    were infested with\n                    <jats:italic>R. microplus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and were called \u201cpositive with ticks\u201d (PWT). These PWT animals were housed together with\n                    <jats:italic>A. marginale<\/jats:italic>\n                    -negative, tick-free calves, called \u201cnegative and free-tick\u201d (NFT) for 31 consecutive days. On day 31, the PWT animals were removed from the pens and returned to the farm\/herd of origin. The NFT animals remained in the pens until day 84, and the possible infection rate of these calves with\n                    <jats:italic>A. marginale<\/jats:italic>\n                    by cattle ticks via the transstadial or intrastadial route was investigated (using blood smears, PCR, and ELISA). During this period, we evaluated the transfer rate of\n                    <jats:italic>R. microplus<\/jats:italic>\n                    from PWT to NFT animals. As a result of Experiment 1, only adult male and female ticks were found on the NFT animals. The transfer rate of ticks from PWTs to NFT calves was 0.10% (31\/28464), and 70% (7 of 10), and all the NFT animals housed along with PWT animals became infected by\n                    <jats:italic>A. marginale.<\/jats:italic>\n                    In Experiment 2, the infection rate of\n                    <jats:italic>A. marginale<\/jats:italic>\n                    in calves by\n                    <jats:italic>R. microplus<\/jats:italic>\n                    larvae was carried out in two steps. The first step involved the use of the first tick generation larvae, which were used to infest (at 40,000 larvae per animal) five NFT calves. If any of these five NFT animals became infected with this rickettsia, fully engorged females detached from these animals were collected to perform the second step of the Experiment 2, conducted with the second-generation larvae. The second-generation larvae came from the first generation. Another five NFT calves were infested with 40,000 larvae\/animal from the second tick generation. As a result of Experiment 2, 100% of NFT calves were infected by\n                    <jats:italic>A. marginale<\/jats:italic>\n                    due to infestation with\n                    <jats:italic>R. microplus<\/jats:italic>\n                    larvae of the first and second generations. This tick species has epidemiological importance in the transmission of\n                    <jats:italic>A. marginale<\/jats:italic>\n                    to calves by the intra-transstadial or unfed larval route.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-026-05124-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:27:17Z","timestamp":1780586837000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Demonstration of Anaplasma marginale transmission to cattle through the intra-transstadial and by unfed larvae of Rhipicephalus microplus routes, with subsequent calculation of infection rates"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Luciana Maffini","family":"Heller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina Mar\u00eda Beltr\u00e1n","family":"Zapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor Maciel Lopes","family":"de Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Ferreira","family":"Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Fellipe Monteiro","family":"Couto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00eddia Mendes","family":"de Aquino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucianne Cardoso","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca Barbara Fonseca","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena Lopes","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"da Silva Krawczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caio Marcio","family":"de Oliveira Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8009-8436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Welber Daniel Zanetti","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"5124_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1994014405","volume":"1","author":"DH Aguirre","year":"1994","unstructured":"Aguirre DH, Gaido AB, Vi\u00f1abal AE, Echaide STD, Guglielmone AA (1994) Transmission of Anaplasma marginale with adult Boophilus microplus ticks fed as nymphs on calves with different levels of rickettsaemia. 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