{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:23:05Z","timestamp":1790641385422,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005639","name":"Universidade De S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005639","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trop Anim Health Prod"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study evaluated the adaptive responses of dark-coated Canind\u00e9 and light-coated Moxot\u00f3 goats reared under semiarid conditions in Brazilian semiarid through an integrated assessment of thermoregulatory, biochemical, hormonal, and morphological variables. Sixty non-pregnant and non-lactating goats (30 Canind\u00e9 and 30 Moxot\u00f3) were evaluated during summer and winter under the same grazing and management conditions. Animals received native pasture and concentrate supplementation (200\u00a0g\/head\/day). Significant breed \u00d7 season interactions (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) were observed for physiological, metabolic, hormonal, and coat variables. Dark-coated Canind\u00e9 goats showed higher coat surface temperature and greater seasonal variation in coat thickness (0.60 vs. 0.51\u00a0mm), as well as marked seasonal changes in T4 (1.67 vs. 4.47\u00a0\u00b5g\/dL), glucose (48.87 vs. 105.03\u00a0mg\/dL), and albumin (4.42 vs. 8.19\u00a0mg\/dL) from summer to winter, indicating greater metabolic flexibility. In contrast, light-coated Moxot\u00f3 goats maintained lower and more stable thyroid hormone concentrations across seasons (T4: 1.63 vs. 1.63\u00a0\u00b5g\/dL) and exhibited increased creatinine levels during winter (0.95 vs. 1.57\u00a0mg\/dL), suggesting a more conservative adaptive strategy. Multivariate analyses demonstrated distinct adaptive profiles between breeds. Factor analysis revealed integration between thermoregulation and metabolism in Canind\u00e9 goats, whereas Moxot\u00f3 goats showed stronger biochemical compensation mechanisms. Decision tree analysis identified globulin and coat thickness as the main discriminating variables between breeds and seasons. These findings demonstrate that locally adapted goat breeds use distinct but effective adaptive strategies to cope with semiarid environmental conditions and provide important phenotypic indicators to support conservation programs, breed selection, and climate-resilient small ruminant production systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-026-05173-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T11:12:30Z","timestamp":1782472350000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Coat characteristics, physiological traits, serum metabolites, and thyroid hormones of Canind\u00e9 and Moxot\u00f3 goats in a semiarid environment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Wallace S. Tavares","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2285-9695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robson M.","family":"Freitas Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacinara H. Gurgel Morais","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concepta","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora A. Evangelista","family":"Fa\u00e7anha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"5173_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alvares CA, Stape JL, Sentelhas PC, de Gon\u00e7alves JLM, Sparovek G (2013) K\u00f6ppen\u2019s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 22(6):711\u2013728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1127\/0941-2948\/2013\/0507","DOI":"10.1127\/0941-2948\/2013\/0507"},{"key":"5173_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2019.06.007","volume":"84","author":"MLCM Amorim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amorim MLCM, Saraiva EP, de Fran\u00e7a Carvalho Fons\u00eaca V, Guerra RR, Dos Santos SGCG, de Melo Costa CC, Almeida MEV, da Costa Pinheiro A, Pimenta Filho EC (2019) Coat and skin morphology of hair sheep breeds in an equatorial semi-arid environment. J Therm Biol 84:103\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2019.06.007","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5173_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bianco AC (2000) Horm\u00f4nios tire\u00f3ideos, UCPs e termog\u00eanese. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab 44(4):281\u2013289","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302000000400003"},{"key":"5173_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2016.07.007","volume":"60","author":"LZ Camerro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Camerro LZ et al (2016) Thermal equilibrium responses in Guzerat cattle raised under tropical conditions. J Therm Biol 60:213\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2016.07.007","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5173_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1093\/af\/vfy033","volume":"9","author":"MJ Caraba\u00f1o","year":"2019","unstructured":"Caraba\u00f1o MJ et al (2019) Selecting for heat tolerance. Anim Front 9:62\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/af\/vfy033","journal-title":"Anim Front"},{"key":"5173_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"da Silva WST, Silveira RMF, Leite JHGM et al (2026) Morphological and physiological adaptive profilesof Spanish and Brazilian goat breeds in arid environments. Trop Anim Health Prod 58:213.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-026-05007-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-026-05007-8"},{"key":"5173_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fa\u00e7anha DAE, Ferreira J, Silveira RMF, Nunes TL, de Oliveira MGC, de Sousa JER, de Paula VV (2020) Arelocally adapted goats able to recover homeothermy, acid-base and electrolyte equilibrium in a semi-arid region? J Therm Biol 90:102593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2020.102593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2020.102593"},{"key":"5173_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fa\u00e7anha DAE, Ferreira J, Silveira RMF, Morais FX, de Medeiros CC, Fac\u00f3 O, de Sousa JER, et al (2022) Thermoregulatory responses, and acid\u2013base and electrolytic balance of indigenous ewes of different coat colour in anequatorial semi-arid region. Anim Prod Sci 62:121\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/AN20321","DOI":"10.1071\/AN20321"},{"key":"5173_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2021.103027","volume":"100","author":"J Ferreira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferreira J, Silveira RMF, Sousa JER, Vasconcelos AM, Guilhermino MM, Fa\u00e7anha DAE (2021) Evaluation of homeothermy, acid\u2013base and electrolytic balance of black goats and ewes in an equatorial semi-arid environment. J Therm Biol 100:103027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2021.103027","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5173_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.53.1.30155771","volume":"53","author":"VA Finch","year":"1980","unstructured":"Finch VA, Dmi\u2019el R, Boxman R, Shkolnik A, Taylor R (1980) Why black goats in hot deserts? Effects of coat color on heat exchanges of wild and domestic goats. Physiol Zool 53:19\u201325","journal-title":"Physiol Zool"},{"issue":"4","key":"5173_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cstres.2025.100082","volume":"30","author":"P Gopikrishnan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gopikrishnan P, Jose RA, Abraham J, Deepak Mathew DK, Raji K, Ibrahim NPS et al (2025) The effect of heat stress on the physiological variables and blood biomarkers in Malabari goats. Cell Stress Chaperones 30(4):100082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cstres.2025.100082","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"5173_CR10","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Manual of field studies on heat tolerance of domestic animals","author":"DHK Lee","year":"1953","unstructured":"Lee DHK (1953) Manual of field studies on heat tolerance of domestic animals. FAO, Rome, p 161"},{"issue":"12","key":"5173_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-020-02014-8","volume":"64","author":"JHGM Leite","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leite JHGM, Silva RG, Asensio LAB, Sousa JER, Silva WST, Silva WE et al (2020) Coat color and morphological hair traits influence on the mechanisms related to the heat tolerance in hair sheep. Int J Biometeorol 64(12):2185\u20132194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-020-02014-8","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"5173_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-35982003000400009","volume":"32","author":"ASC Maia","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maia ASC, Silva RG, Bertipaglia ECA (2003) Caracter\u00edsticas do pelame de vacas Holandesas em ambiente tropical: um estudo gen\u00e9tico e adaptativo. Rev Bras Zootec 32:843\u2013853","journal-title":"Rev Bras Zootec"},{"key":"5173_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2022.103418","volume":"103","author":"NMH Mascarenhas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mascarenhas NMH, Furtado DA, de Souza BB, de Sousa OB, da Costa ANL, Feitosa JV, da Silva MR, Batista LF, Dornelas KC (2022) Morphology of coat and skin of small ruminants reared in the Brazilian semi-arid region. J Therm Biol 103:103418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2022.103418","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5173_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10319","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241210319","volume":"24","author":"S Mullakkalparambil Velayudhan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mullakkalparambil Velayudhan S, Sejian V, Devaraj C, Manjunathareddy GB, Ruban W, Kadam V et al (2023) Novel insights to assess climate resilience in goats using a holistic approach of skin-based advanced NGS technologies. Int J Mol Sci 24(12):10319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241210319","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5173_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2006.11.010","volume":"83","author":"G Piccione","year":"2007","unstructured":"Piccione G, Caola G, Refinetti R (2007) Annual rhythmicity and maturation of physiological variables in goats. Res Vet Sci 83(2):239\u2013243","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"5173_CR17","unstructured":"Ribeiro NL, Medeiros AN, Ribeiro MN, Pimenta Filho EC (2004) Estimaci\u00f3n del peso vivo de caprinosaut\u00f3ctonos brasile\u00f1os mediante medidas morfom\u00e9tricas. Arch Zoo 53(203):341\u2013344."},{"key":"5173_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ribeiro NL, Pimenta Filho EC, Arandas JKG, Ribeiro MN, Saraiva EP, Bozzi R, Costa, RG (2015) Multivariate characterization of the adaptive profile in brazilian and italian goat population. Small Rumin Res 123(2\u20133):232\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2014.12.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2014.12.010"},{"key":"5173_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ribeiro MN, Ribeiro NL, Bozzi R, Costa RG (2018) Physiological and biochemical blood variables of goatssubjected to heat stress \u2013 a review. J Appl Anim Res 46(1):1036\u20131041. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09712119.2018.1456439","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2018.1456439"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"5173_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s431","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731118001945","volume":"12","author":"V Sejian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sejian V, Bhatta R, Gaughan JB, Dunshea FR, Lacetera N (2018) Review: adaptation of animals to heat stress. Anim 12(suppl 2):s431\u2013s444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1751731118001945","journal-title":"Anim"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"5173_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(00)00162-7","volume":"67","author":"N Silanikove","year":"2000","unstructured":"Silanikove N (2000) Effects of heat stress on the welfare of extensively managed domestic ruminants. Livest Prod Sci 67(1\u20132):1\u201318","journal-title":"Livest Prod Sci"},{"key":"5173_CR22","unstructured":"Silva RG (2008) Biof\u00edsica ambiental: os animais e seu ambiente. FUNEP, S\u00e3o Paulo, p 386"},{"key":"5173_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Silva RC, Melo MN, de Oliveira CFT, Cardoso JV, Cevallos LAC, da Rocha LL, Arandas JKG, Ribeiro MN (2025) Ethnozootechnical perspectives on the decline of traditional knowledge about local goat and sheep breeds in the semi-arid region of Para\u00edba, Brazil. Ruminants 5(2):26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ruminants5020026","DOI":"10.3390\/ruminants5020026"},{"key":"5173_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Silveira RMF, de Vasconcelos AM, McManus C, F\u00e1vero LPL, da Silva IJO (2025) Intelligent multi-modeling reveals biological relationships and adaptive phenotypes for dairy cow adaptation to climatechange. Smart Agric Technol 12:1\u201414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atech.2025.101128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atech.2025.101128"},{"key":"5173_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Silveira RMF, Fa\u00e7anha DAE, de Vasconcelos AM, Leite SCB, Leite JHGM, Saraiva EP, F\u00e1vero LPL, Tedeschi LO, Silva IJO (2026) Physiological adaptability of livestock to climate change: a global model-based assessment for the 21st century. Environ Impact Assess Rev 116:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eiar.2025.108061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2025.108061"},{"key":"5173_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2005.11.018","volume":"68","author":"L Todini","year":"2007","unstructured":"Todini L, Malfatti A, Valbonesi A, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Debenedetti A (2007) Plasma total T3 and T4 concentrations in goats at different physiological stages, as affected by the energy intake. Small Rumin Res 68:285\u2013290","journal-title":"Small Rumin Res"},{"key":"5173_CR27","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Hair coat characteristics in Friesian heifers in The Netherlands and Kenya","author":"HJM Udo","year":"1978","unstructured":"Udo HJM (1978) Hair coat characteristics in Friesian heifers in The Netherlands and Kenya. Meded Landbouwhogeschool, Wagneingen, p 135"},{"key":"5173_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2020.102543","volume":"89","author":"AA Vasconcelos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vasconcelos AA, Albuquerque CC, Carvalho JFJF, Fa\u00e7anha DAE, Lima FRL, Silveira RMF et al (2020) Development of an animal adaptability index: application for dairy cows. J Therm Biol 89:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2020.102543","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"5173_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338643","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1338643","volume":"11","author":"L Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang L, Zhang P, Du Y, Wang C, Zhang L, Yin L et al (2024) Effect of heat stress on blood biochemistry and energy metabolite of the Dazu black goats. Front Vet Sci 11:1338643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2024.1338643","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"}],"container-title":["Tropical Animal Health and Production"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11250-026-05173-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11250-026-05173-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11250-026-05173-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T18:17:10Z","timestamp":1785521830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11250-026-05173-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["5173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-026-05173-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0049-4747","1573-7438"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0049-4747","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7438","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The animal study protocol was approved by the Comiss\u00e3o de \u00c9tica no Uso de Animais (CEUA) of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-\u00c1rido (UFERSA), Mossor\u00f3, Brazil (Process N. 23091003895\/2014\u201371).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Institutional review board statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used ChatGPT (OpenAI) to assist in drafting, language refinement, text organization, and improvement of scientific readability. All generated content was critically reviewed, revised, and validated by the authors, who take full responsibility for the accuracy, interpretation, and integrity of the final manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"378"}}