{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:21:08Z","timestamp":1792783268321,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidade Federal De Vi\u00e7osa","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0409dgb37","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trop Anim Health Prod"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of yeast, tannin, and amylolytic enzymes on intake, digestibility, and biochemical parameters of lambs fed a high-concentrate diet. A total of five lambs were used in a 5\u2009\u00d7\u20095 Latin square design. Diets consisted of 75% concentrate and 25% roughage. The treatments were: control (without additive), TE (tannin and enzyme), EY (enzyme and yeast), TY (tannin and yeast), and TYE (tannin, yeast, and enzyme). Digestibility trials were conducted to determine nutrient intake and digestibility, as well as urinary, fecal, and serum parameters. Analyses of variance were applied, and means were compared using Tukey\u2019s test at a 5% significance level. No differences were observed in nutrient intake or urinary and fecal parameters with the inclusion of feed additives (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). However, dry matter digestibility increased with additive inclusion (775 vs. 749\u00a0g kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                    day\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.04). Crude protein digestibility decreased (886 vs. 912\u00a0g kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                    day\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0096) with the combination of tannin and yeast. For metabolites, serum concentrations of gamma-glutamyl transferase (28.5 vs. 25 U\/L,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01) increased, whereas alkaline phosphatase (272 vs. 331 U\/L,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.02) decreased with the use of dietary additive. The results suggest that the inclusion of yeast, tannin, and amylolytic enzymes in high-concentrate diets for lambs may contribute to increased dry matter digestibility and changes in selected hepatic parameters, without compromising feed intake or animal health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-026-05299-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T06:58:34Z","timestamp":1788937114000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of yeast, tannin, and amylolytic enzyme combinations in high-concentrate diets on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and serum metabolites in Lambs"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4901-4775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Eduardo Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Vila\u00e7a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1916-2117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica Beatriz","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7624-6945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcela Rodrigues","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7792-2615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karla Alves","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2098-8568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco T\u00falio Santos","family":"Siqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9268-0693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Henrique Cavalcante","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5781-7917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilberto de Lima Macedo","family":"J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"5299_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2020.104228","volume":"241","author":"HH Azzaz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Azzaz HH, Kholif AE, Tawab AE, Khattab AM, Murad MSA, H. A., Olafadehan OA (2020) A newly developed tannase enzyme from Aspergillus terreus versus commercial tannase in the diet of lactating Damascus goats fed diet containing pomegranate peel. Livest Sci 241:104228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.livsci.2020.104228","journal-title":"Livest Sci"},{"key":"5299_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2023.115564","volume":"298","author":"AS Ber\u00e7a","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ber\u00e7a AS, Tedeschi LO, da Silva Cardoso A, Reis RA (2023) Meta-analysis of the relationship between dietary condensed tannins and methane emissions by cattle. Anim Feed Sci Technol 298:115564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2023.115564","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol"},{"issue":"23","key":"5299_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8273","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27238273","volume":"27","author":"M Besharati","year":"2022","unstructured":"Besharati M, Maggiolino A, Palangi V, Kaya A, Jabbar M, Eseceli H, De Palo P, Lorenzo JM (2022) Tannin in ruminant nutrition. Rev Molecules 27(23):8273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27238273","journal-title":"Rev Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"5299_CR4","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"VK Bidarkar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bidarkar VK, Swain PS, Ray S, Dominic G (2014) Probiotics: Potential alternative to antibiotics in ruminant feeding. Trends Veterinary Anim Sci 1(1):1\u20134","journal-title":"Trends Veterinary Anim Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"5299_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.5433\/1679-0359.2024v45n4p1013","volume":"45","author":"ABI de Freitas","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Freitas ABI, Vila\u00e7a LE, Silva AF, de Sousa LF, Schultz EB, de Sousa JTL, de Macedo J\u00fanior G L (2024) Intake, digestibility and blood metabolites of lambs fed increasing levels of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes. Semina: Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias 45(4):1013\u20131030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5433\/1679-0359.2024v45n4p1013","journal-title":"Semina: Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias"},{"issue":"9","key":"5299_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15091269","volume":"15","author":"S de Jong","year":"2025","unstructured":"de Jong S, Pereira FC, Castillo AR, Pellikaan WF, Gregorini P (2025) The effects of a small dose of tannin supplementation on in vitro fermentation characteristics of different forages. Animals 15(9):1269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani15091269","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"5299_CR7","unstructured":"Detmann E, Silva LFC, Rocha GC, Palma MNN, Rodrigues JPP (2021) M\u00e9todos para an\u00e1lise de alimentos. 2nd ed. Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Independente. ISBN 978-6599512223"},{"key":"5299_CR6","unstructured":"Dickson H, Jolly S (2011) National procedures and guidelines for intensive sheep and lamb feeding systems. Meat and Livestock Australia"},{"key":"5299_CR8","unstructured":"Dukes HH, Reece WO, Figueiredo C, Vanzellotti IR, Zanon RF (2006) Fisiologia dos animais dom\u00e9sticos (Vol. 1)"},{"key":"5299_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-025-01226-5","volume":"16","author":"IM Ferreira","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ferreira IM, Mantovani HC, Viquez-Umana F et al (2025) Feeding with exogenous amylolytic and fibrolytic enzymes in feedlot diets: Effects on ruminal parameters, nitrogen balance and microbial diversity of Nellore cattle. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 16:96. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40104-025-01226-5","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"issue":"11","key":"5299_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11580","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20512","volume":"104","author":"J Halfen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Halfen J, Carpinelli N, Pino D, Chapman FAB, Sharman JD, Anderson ED, J. L., Osorio JS (2021) Effects of yeast culture supplementation on lactation performance and rumen fermentation profile and microbial abundance in mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 104(11):11580\u201311592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2021-20512","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"5299_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12999","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b01702","volume":"3","author":"MG Jagadeeshaprasad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jagadeeshaprasad MG, Venkatasubramani V, Unnikrishnan AG, Kulkarni MJ (2018) Albumin abundance and its glycation status determine hemoglobin glycation. ACS Omega 3(10):12999\u201313008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.8b01702","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"5299_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-016-3075-7","volume":"5","author":"D L\u00f3pez-Aguirre","year":"2016","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Aguirre D, Hern\u00e1ndez-Mel\u00e9ndez J, Rojo R, S\u00e1nchez-D\u00e1vila F, L\u00f3pez-Villalobos N, Salem AFZ, Ru\u00edz S (2016) Effects of exogenous enzymes and application method on nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance of Pelibuey lambs. SpringerPlus 5:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40064-016-3075-7","journal-title":"SpringerPlus"},{"issue":"8","key":"5299_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2020.107585","volume":"34","author":"MD Lundholm","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lundholm MD, Emanuele MA, Ashraf A, Nadeem S (2020) Applications and pitfalls of hemoglobin A1C and alternative methods of glycemic monitoring. J Diabetes Complicat 34(8):107585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2020.107585","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complicat"},{"key":"5299_CR17","unstructured":"Macedo J\u00fanior GL, Zanine ADM, Borges I, P\u00e9rez JRO (2007) Qualidade da fibra para a dieta de ruminantes. Ci\u00eancia Animal 17(1):7\u201317"},{"key":"5299_CR18","unstructured":"National Research Council (2007) Nutrient requirements of small ruminants. National Academies"},{"key":"5299_CR19","unstructured":"Ncube S, Ndlovu LR, Tavirimirwa B, Tambo G, Mwembe RBNG, Nyamushamba GB (2014) Growth performance of ruminants fed different proportions of maize and sorghum grain. Livest Res Rural Dev 26:166. http:\/\/www.lrrd.org\/lrrd26\/9\/ncub26166.htm"},{"key":"5299_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e56504","DOI":"10.4025\/actascianimsci.v44i1.56504","volume":"44","author":"MC Neiva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Neiva MC, Schultz EB, Sousa LM, Oliveira KA, Sousa LF, Macedo GDL (2022) Exogenous enzymes in sheep diet: Nutritional and physiological parameters. Acta Scientiarum Anim Sci 44:e56504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4025\/actascianimsci.v44i1.56504","journal-title":"Acta Scientiarum Anim Sci"},{"key":"5299_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-009-9364-1","volume":"96","author":"AK Patra","year":"2009","unstructured":"Patra AK, Saxena J (2009) Dietary phytochemicals as rumen modifiers: A review of the effects on microbial populations. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 96:363\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10482-009-9364-1","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"5299_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pereira ES, Teixeira IAMA, Azev\u00eado JAG, Santos SA (eds) (2024) Exig\u00eancias nutricionais de caprinos e ovinos \u2013 BR-Caprinos & Ovinos. Editora Scienza, S\u00e3o Carlos, p 270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26626\/9786556681849.2024B0001","DOI":"10.26626\/9786556681849.2024B0001"},{"key":"5299_CR37","unstructured":"R Core Team (2023) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria"},{"issue":"4","key":"5299_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13040767","volume":"13","author":"D Ramdani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramdani D, Yuniarti E, Jayanegara A, Chaudhry AS (2023) Roles of essential oils, polyphenols, and saponins as natural additive in ruminant diets: A systematic review. Animals 13(4):767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani13040767","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"3","key":"5299_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.5433\/1679-0359.2025v46n3p983","volume":"46","author":"PHC Ribeiro","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ribeiro PHC, Oliveira KA, Siqueira MTS, Faria LO, Oliveira MR, Vila\u00e7a LEG, Ara\u00fajo LC (2025) Productive, behavioral and metabolic parameters of sheep fed with different roughage: Concentrate ratios in fully extruded diets. Semina: Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias 46(3):983\u2013998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5433\/1679-0359.2025v46n3p983","journal-title":"Semina: Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias"},{"key":"5299_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rodrigues GRD, Schultz EB, Siqueira MTS, Fonseca AL, de Oliveira MR, Silva DADP, J\u00fanior M, GDL (2021) Use of active and inactive yeasts in lamb diets: intake, digestibility, and metabolism. Veterin\u00e1ria Not\u00edcias 27(2):19\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14393\/VTN-v27n2-2021-58884","DOI":"10.14393\/VTN-v27n2-2021-58884"},{"issue":"3","key":"5299_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.32406\/v5n3\/2022\/59-72\/agrariacad","volume":"5","author":"GRD Rodrigues","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rodrigues GRD, Siqueira MTS, Dutra TO, Schultz EB, Sousa LF, Macedo J\u00fanior GDL (2022) Uso de enzima amilol\u00edtica associada a enzimas proteol\u00edticas e fibrol\u00edticas na dieta para ovinos. Revista Agr\u00e1ria Acad\u00eamica 5(3):59\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32406\/v5n3\/2022\/59-72\/agrariacad","journal-title":"Revista Agr\u00e1ria Acad\u00eamica"},{"issue":"3","key":"5299_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.56369\/tsaes.1014","volume":"14","author":"AZM Salem","year":"2011","unstructured":"Salem AZM, El-Adawy M, Gado H, Camacho LM, Gonz\u00e1lez-Ronquillo M, Alsersy H, Borhami B (2011) Effects of exogenous enzymes on nutrients digestibility and growth performance in sheep and goats. Trop Subtropical Agroecosystems 14(3):867\u2013874","journal-title":"Trop Subtropical Agroecosystems"},{"key":"5299_CR36","unstructured":"Silva DJ, Queiroz AC (2002) An\u00e1lise de alimentos: m\u00e9todos qu\u00edmicos e biol\u00f3gicos, 3rd edn. Editora UFV, Vi\u00e7osa, MG, p 235"},{"key":"5299_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1507","DOI":"10.17523\/bia.2022.v79.e1507","volume":"79","author":"MTS Siqueira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Siqueira MTS, Souza AMD, Schultz EB, Oliveira KA, Sousa LF, Macedo J\u00fanior GDL (2022) Nutritional and metabolic parameters of ewe lambs fed yeast in the diet containing fibrolytic enzyme. Bol de Ind\u00fastria Anim 79:e1507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17523\/bia.2022.v79.e1507","journal-title":"Bol de Ind\u00fastria Anim"},{"key":"5299_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657816","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.657816","volume":"8","author":"B Song","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song B, Wu T, You P, Wang H, Burke JL, Kang K, Yu W, Wang M, Li B, He Y, Huo Q, Li C, Tian W, Li R, Li J, Wang C, Sun X (2021) Dietary supplementation of yeast culture into pelleted total mixed rations improves the growth performance of fattening lambs. Front Veterinary Sci 8:657816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.657816","journal-title":"Front Veterinary Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"5299_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2005.02.013","volume":"121","author":"M Thi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thi M, Nguyen TMN, Van Binh D, D. V. B., \u00d8rskov ER (2005) Effect of foliages containing condensed tannins on gastrointestinal parasites. Anim Feed Sci Technol 121(1\u20132):45\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2005.02.013","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol"},{"key":"5299_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s42523-025-00444-6","volume":"7","author":"JP Thompson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Thompson JP, Cristobal-Carballo O, Yan T et al (2025) Unlocking the potential of willow condensed tannins: Effects on rumen fermentation, microbiome, and metabolome. Anim Microbiome 7:81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42523-025-00444-6","journal-title":"Anim Microbiome"},{"issue":"2","key":"5299_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1264\/jsme2.ME14176","volume":"30","author":"Y Uyeno","year":"2015","unstructured":"Uyeno Y, Shigemori S, Shimosato T (2015) Effect of probiotics\/prebiotics on cattle health and productivity. Microbes Environ 30(2):126\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1264\/jsme2.ME14176","journal-title":"Microbes Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"5299_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.5433\/1679-0359.2021v42n3Supl1p1725","volume":"42","author":"LFM Varanis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Varanis LFM, Schultz EB, Oliveira KA, Sousa LF, Cruz WFG, Macedo J\u00fanior GL (2021) Serum biochemical reference ranges for lambs from birth to 1 year of age in the tropics. Semina: Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias 42(3):1725\u20131740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5433\/1679-0359.2021v42n3Supl1p1725","journal-title":"Semina: Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias"},{"key":"5299_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang X, Hao W, Huang X, Duan Z (2023) Lower blood lipid level from the administration of plant tannins via altering the gut microbiota diversity and structure. Food Funct 14(10):4847\u20134858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D2FO03206F","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO03206F"},{"issue":"15","key":"5299_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12151941","volume":"12","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Li F, Ma X, Li F, Wang Z (2022) Effects of barley starch level in diet on fermentation and microflora in rumen of Hu sheep. Animals 12(15):1941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani12151941","journal-title":"Animals"}],"container-title":["Tropical Animal Health and Production"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11250-026-05299-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11250-026-05299-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11250-026-05299-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:34:54Z","timestamp":1790879694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11250-026-05299-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5299"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-026-05299-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0049-4747","1573-7438"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0049-4747","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7438","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee (CEUA) of the Federal University of Uberl\u00e2ndia under protocol number 23117.079416\/2023-43.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"522"}}