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No experimental manipulations, treatments, or invasive procedures were performed. Animals were assessed exclusively by behavioural observation during routine morning feeding, with no interference with normal husbandry practices. All procedures complied with Algerian legislation on veterinary activities (Law No. 88\u2009\u2212\u200908 relating to veterinary activities) and with the ethical standards applicable to purely observational animal welfare research. No ethics committee approval number is assigned to purely observational studies under the applicable national legislation.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written permission was obtained from each farm owner prior to data collection. 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