{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T23:48:42Z","timestamp":1791676122148,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["306920\/2023-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306920\/2023-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["406734\/2022-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["406734\/2022-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trop Anim Health Prod"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study evaluated the effects of rumen-protected flaxseed oil (RPFO; 30% flaxseed free oil and 70% carnauba wax) on intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, nitrogen balance, and blood parameters in crossbred male lambs (Santa In\u00eas \u00d7 mixed breed). Fifty lambs (20.5\u2009\u00b1\u20093.0\u00a0kg; five months old) were assigned to a completely randomized design with five treatments: control, 4% and 8% free oil, and 4% and 8% RPFO (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910 per treatment). Flaxseed free oil inclusion, regardless of form, significantly affected intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, and nitrogen metabolism (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Lambs fed 8% free oil showed the lowest (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.009) dry matter intake (DMI), whereas 4% RPFO resulted in the highest DMI. Crude protein and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (\n                    <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                    NDFom) intakes decreased (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) with 8% free oil, while control, 4% free oil, and 8% RPFO showed higher intake and feed efficiency. Average daily gain was lowest with 8% free oil (169\u00a0g\/day). Free oil reduced rumination time and fiber eating efficiency (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), while RPFO (4%) improved chewing activity and fiber utilization. Animals receiving free oil showed greater rejection of coarse particles (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), whereas RPFO maintained more uniform particle selection and physically effective fiber intake. Nutrient digestibility generally decreased with oil inclusion, especially with RPFO at 4% (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Nitrogen intake was reduced with 8% free oil and 4% RPFO, while urinary N excretion increased with RPFO (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), resulting in lower N retention efficiency at 4% RPFO. Blood biochemical parameters were not affected (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The RPFO mitigated negative effects of unsaturated lipids on rumen function, whereas high free oil reduced intake and performance. However, RPFO levels tested did not improve overall efficiency, indicating the need for further optimization.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-026-05406-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:28:17Z","timestamp":1791667697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of dietary inclusion of rumen-protected flaxseed oil (Linum usitatissimum) on intake, ingestive behavior, diet particle selectivity, digestibility, nitrogen balance, and blood parameters of lambs"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Sonel","family":"Gilles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Morais","family":"Pereira Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas de Souza","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevily Henrique de Oliveira Soares","family":"de Lucena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romilda Rodrigues","family":"do Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gildenia Ara\u00fajo","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronaldo Lopes","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui Jos\u00e9 Branquinho","family":"Bessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f4nio Fernando","family":"de Melo Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leilson Rocha","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"5406_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11010180","volume":"11","author":"N Amin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amin N, Tagliapietra F, Arango S, Guzzo N, Bailoni L (2021) Free and microencapsulated essential oils incubated in vitro: ruminal stability and fermentation parameters. Animals 11:180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani11010180","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"5406_CR3","volume-title":"Official methods of analysis","author":"Association of official analytical chemists","year":"1990","unstructured":"Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1990) Official methods of analysis, 15th edn. AOAC, Washington DC","edition":"15"},{"key":"5406_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2007.05.022","volume":"77","author":"P Bas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bas P, Berthelot V, Pottier E, Normand J (2007) Effect of level of linseed on fatty acid composition of muscles and adipose tissues of lambs with emphasis on trans fatty acids. Meat Sci 77:678\u2013688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meatsci.2007.05.022","journal-title":"Meat Sci"},{"key":"5406_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.23.011702.073408","volume":"23","author":"DE Bauman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bauman DE, Griinari JM (2003) Nutritional regulation of milk fat synthesis. Annu Rev Nutr 23:203\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.nutr.23.011702.073408","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"5406_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4762","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13706","volume":"101","author":"KA Beauchemin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beauchemin KA (2018) Current perspectives on eating and rumination activity in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 101:4762\u20134784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2017-13706","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"5406_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3390\/ruminants5040050","volume":"5","author":"LR Bezerra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bezerra LR, Mazza PHS, Lucena KHOS, Amorim MAF, Moura JFP, Oliveira JPF, Oliveira RL, Barbosa AM, Fonseca MA, Pereira Filho JM (2025) Slow-release urea technologies: effects on nitrogen utilization and small ruminant performance. Ruminants 5:50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ruminants5040050","journal-title":"Ruminants"},{"key":"5406_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16020239","volume":"16","author":"LR Bezerra","year":"2026","unstructured":"Bezerra LR, Oliveira JPF, Vaz AFM, Lucena KHOS, Barros LS, Fortunato YMA, Gonzaga Neto S, Pereira ES, Oliveira RL, Pereira Filho JM (2026) Nitrogen source\u2013carbohydrate synchronization in ruminant nutrition: a systematic review. Animals 16:239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani16020239","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"5406_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s40003-017-0273-7","volume":"6","author":"RS Bhatt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bhatt RS, Sahoo A, Soni LK, Gadekar Y (2017) Effect of protected fat as Ca-soap and formaldehyde-treated soybean in lamb diets. Agricultural Res 6:427\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40003-017-0273-7","journal-title":"Agricultural Res"},{"key":"5406_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-020-00512-8","volume":"11","author":"M Bionaz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bionaz M, Vargas-Bello-P\u00e9rez E, Busato S (2020) Advances in fatty acids nutrition in dairy cows: from gut to cells and effects on performance. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 11:110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40104-020-00512-8","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"5406_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2019.09.005","volume":"179","author":"ADB Carvalho","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carvalho ADB, Silva AL, Silva ADA, Netto AJ, Medeiros TTB, Ara\u00fajo Filho JM, Agostini DLS, Oliveira DLV, Mazzetto SE, Kotzebue LRV, Oliveira JR, Oliveira RL, Bezerra LR (2019) Effect of slow-release urea microencapsulated in beeswax in ruminant diets. Small Ruminant Res 179:56\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2019.09.005","journal-title":"Small Ruminant Res"},{"key":"5406_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.03.133","volume":"291","author":"CAS de Freitas","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Freitas CAS, Sousa PHM, Soares DJ, Silva JYG, Benjamin SR, Guedes MIF (2019) Carnauba wax uses in food: a review. Food Chem 291:38\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.03.133","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"5406_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2024.115925","volume":"310","author":"KHOS de Lucena","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Lucena KHOS, Mazza PH, Oliveira RL, Barbosa AM, Pereira Filho JM, Bessa RJB, Alves SP, Edvan RL, Pereira ES, Fonseca M, Silva Filho EC, Bezerra LR (2024) Slow-releasing urea coated with vegetable lipids: effects on lamb performance. Anim Feed Sci Technol 310:115925. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2024.115925","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol"},{"key":"5406_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.9275","volume":"103","author":"IG de Medeiros","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Medeiros IG, Carvalho GGP, Oliveira RL, Ribeiro OL, Costa RM, Silva RR (2019) Carnauba wax as a wall material for urea microencapsulation. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 103:1475\u20131486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jsfa.9275","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr"},{"key":"5406_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7655","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17662","volume":"103","author":"L Dewanckele","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dewanckele L, Toral PG, Vlaeminck B, Fievez V (2020) Role of rumen biohydrogenation intermediates and rumen microbes in diet-induced milk fat depression: an update. J Dairy Sci 103:7655\u20137681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2019-17662","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"5406_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Diog\u00e9nes L, Bezerra L, Pereira Filho J, Silva Junior J, Oliveira J, Moura J, Barbosa A, Souza M, Sousa S, Pereira E, Oliveira R (2020) Effects of dietary inclusion of buriti oil on lamb performance, carcass traits, digestibility, nitrogen balance, ingestive behavior and blood metabolites. Animals 10: 1973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani10111973","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10111973"},{"key":"5406_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-024-04261-y","volume":"57","author":"T Feitosa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feitosa T, Bezerra L, Silva AC, Oliveira D, Mazzetto S, Cavalcanti M, Pereira Filho JM, Oliveira R, Oliveira J, Fonseca M, Silva A (2024) Manufacturing technology for rumen-protected fat using beeswax. Trop Anim Health Prod 57:6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-024-04261-y","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"5406_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2015.09.007","volume":"216","author":"EM Ferreira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ferreira EM, Pires AV, Susin I, Gentil RS, Parente MOM, Nolli CP, Meneghini RCM, Mendes CQ, Ribeiro CVDM (2016) Nutrient digestibility and ruminal fatty acid metabolism in lambs supplemented with soybean oil partially replaced by fish oil blend. Anim Feed Sci Technol 216:30\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2015.09.007","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol"},{"key":"5406_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.14393\/BJ-v36n6a2020-48025","volume":"36","author":"AMS Ferreira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferreira AMS, Silva SP, Faria CU, Mendes EDM, Felipe EF (2020) Consumption of dry matter observed and predicted by nutritional systems in Senepol bulls kept in confinement. Bioscience J 36:2165\u20132171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14393\/BJ-v36n6a2020-48025","journal-title":"Bioscience J"},{"key":"5406_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-35982007001000032","volume":"36","author":"MB Hall","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hall MB (2007) Methodological challenges in carbohydrate analyses. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 36:359\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S1516-35982007001000032","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia"},{"key":"5406_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.3.677","volume":"136","author":"KJ Harvatine","year":"2006","unstructured":"Harvatine KJ, Allen MS (2006) Fat supplements affect fractional rates of ruminal fatty acid biohydrogenation and passage in dairy cows. J Nutr 136:677\u2013685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/136.3.677","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"5406_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E188","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0546","volume":"86","author":"BW Hess","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hess BW, Moss GE, Rule DC (2008) A decade of developments in fat supplementation research with beef cattle and sheep. J Anim Sci 86:E188\u2013E204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2527\/jas.2007-0546","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"5406_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1071\/AN14555","volume":"54","author":"B Hiller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hiller B (2014) Recent developments in lipid metabolism in ruminants: the role of fat in maintaining animal health and performance. Anim Prod Sci 54:1549\u20131560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/AN14555","journal-title":"Anim Prod Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"5406_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.2527\/1997.753852x","volume":"75","author":"GB Huntington","year":"1997","unstructured":"Huntington GB (1997) Starch utilization by ruminants: From basics to the bunk. J Anim Sci 75(3):852\u2013867","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"5406_CR25","volume-title":"Nutritional requirements of goats and sheep: BR-Caprinos & Ovinos","author":"INCT Animal Science","year":"2024","unstructured":"INCT Animal Science (2024) Nutritional requirements of goats and sheep: BR-Caprinos & Ovinos. Scienza Publishing, Vi\u00e7osa"},{"key":"5406_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3851","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(93)77727-9","volume":"76","author":"TC Jenkins","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jenkins TC (1993) Lipid metabolism in the rumen. J Dairy Sci 76:3851\u20133863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(93)77727-9","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"5406_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0588","volume":"86","author":"TC Jenkins","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jenkins TC, Wallace RJ, Moate PJ, Mosley EE (2008) Recent advances in biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids within the rumen microbial ecosystem. J Anim Sci 86:397\u2013412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2527\/jas.2007-0588","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"5406_CR28","volume-title":"Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals","author":"JJ Kaneko","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kaneko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML (2008) Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals, 6th edn. Academic, San Diego","edition":"6"},{"key":"5406_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73773-4","volume":"86","author":"PJ Kononoff","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kononoff PJ, Heinrichs AJ, Buckmaster DR (2003) Modification of the Penn State forage and total mixed ration particle separator and the effects of moisture content on its measurements. J Dairy Sci 86:1858\u20131863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73773-4","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"5406_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(96)76442-1","volume":"79","author":"BP Lammers","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lammers BP, Buckmaster DR, Heinrichs AJ (1996) Method for particle size analysis of rations. J Dairy Sci 79:922\u2013928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(96)76442-1","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"5406_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-8401(95)00837-3","volume":"57","author":"G Licitra","year":"1996","unstructured":"Licitra G, Hernandez TM, Van Soest PJ (1996) Standardization of nitrogen fractionation procedures. Anim Feed Sci Technol 57:347\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0377-8401(95)00837-3","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol"},{"key":"5406_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-023-03563-x","volume":"55","author":"JAM Lima","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lima JAM, Bezerra LR, Feitosa TJO, Oliveira J, Oliveira DLV, Mazetto SE, Cavalcante MT, Pereira Filho JM, Oliveira RL, Oliveira JPF, Silva AL (2023) Rumen-protected fat and ruminal function in sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 55:142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-023-03563-x","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"5406_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1017\/S175173111000042X","volume":"4","author":"M Louren\u00e7o","year":"2010","unstructured":"Louren\u00e7o M, Ramos-Morales E, Wallace RJ (2010) The role of microbes in rumen lipolysis and biohydrogenation and their manipulation. Animal 4:1008\u20131023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S175173111000042X","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"5406_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139168342","volume-title":"Measuring behaviour","author":"P Martin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Martin P, Bateson P (1993) Measuring behaviour, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge","edition":"2"},{"key":"5406_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mertens DR (1993) Kinetics of cell wall digestion and passage in ruminants. In: Jung HG, Buxton DR, Hatfield RD, Ralph J (eds) Forage cell wall structure and digestibility. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2134\/1993.foragecellwall.c21","DOI":"10.2134\/1993.foragecellwall.c21"},{"key":"5406_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(97)76075-2","volume":"80","author":"DR Mertens","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mertens DR (1997) Creating a system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 80:1463\u20131481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(97)76075-2","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"5406_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/11654","volume-title":"Nutrient requirements of small ruminants: sheep, goats, cervids, and New World camelids","author":"National Research Council","year":"2007","unstructured":"National Research Council (2007) Nutrient requirements of small ruminants: sheep, goats, cervids, and New World camelids. National Academies, Washington DC. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/11654"},{"key":"5406_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1071\/AN20694","volume":"62","author":"AJ Netto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Netto AJ, Azevedo Silva AM, Bezerra LR, Barros Carvalho A, Silva Agostini DL, Vasconcelos de Oliveira DL, Mazzetto SE, Viana Kotzebue LR, Ribeiro Oliveira J, Oliveira RL, Pereira Filho JM, Silva AL (2022) Lipid microspheres containing urea for slow release of non-protein nitrogen in ruminant diets. Anim Prod Sci 62:191\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/AN20694","journal-title":"Anim Prod Sci"},{"key":"5406_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2019.107971","volume":"160","author":"MOM Parente","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parente MOM, Rocha KS, Bessa RJB, Parente HN, Zanine AM, Machado NAF, Lorenco Junior JB, Bezerra LR, Landim AV, Alves SP (2020) Effects of dietary inclusion of baba\u00e7u oil or buriti oil on lamb performance, meat quality and fatty acid composition. Meat Sci 160:107971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meatsci.2019.107971","journal-title":"Meat Sci"},{"key":"5406_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-025-03765-z","volume":"64","author":"LS Perkins","year":"2025","unstructured":"Perkins LS, Nugent AP, Woodside JV, Cardwell CR, Scollan ND (2025) Consuming grass-finished lamb improves blood plasma omega-3 fatty acid response among healthy consumers. Eur J Nutr 64:242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-025-03765-z","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"5406_CR42","unstructured":"SAS Institute Inc (2013) SAS\/STAT 9.4 user\u2019s guide. SAS Institute Inc"},{"key":"5406_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731114002055","volume":"8","author":"AKS Schulze","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schulze AKS, Weisbjerg MR, N\u00f8rgaard P (2014) Effects of feeding level and neutral detergent fiber content of grass-clover silages on chewing activity, fecal particle size and digestibility in dairy heifers. Animal 8:1945\u20131954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1751731114002055","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"5406_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2007.12.008","volume":"146","author":"CC Senger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Senger CC, Kozloski GV, Sanchez LMB, Mesquita FR, Alves TP, Castagnino DS (2008) Evaluation of autoclave procedures for fibre analysis in forage and concentrate feedstuffs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 146:169\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2007.12.008","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol"},{"key":"5406_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-023-03833-8","volume":"55","author":"A Silva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Silva A, Pereira Filho JM, Oliveira J, Lucena K, Mazza P, Silva Filho E, Nascimento A, Pereira E, Vaz A, Barbosa A, Oliveira R, Bezerra L (2023) Effect of slow-release urea on intake, ingestive behavior, digestibility, nitrogen metabolism, microbial protein production, and blood and ruminal parameters of sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 55:414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-023-03833-8","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"5406_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.3390\/environments12110437","volume":"12","author":"EB Silva","year":"2025","unstructured":"Silva EB, Kavamura VN, Freitas FMM, Souza AJ, Pereira APA (2025) Current knowledge of carnauba plant (Copernicia prunifera): current stage, trends, and future perspectives. Environments 12:437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/environments12110437","journal-title":"Environments"},{"key":"5406_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e56131","DOI":"10.4025\/actascianimsci.v44i1.56131","volume":"44","author":"RL Soares","year":"2022","unstructured":"Soares RL, Queiroga RCRE, Bessa RJB, Sousa FA, Fernandes BDO, Souza AP, Medeiros AN (2022) Performance and carcass characteristics of lambs fed diets containing different types of carbohydrates associated with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Acta Scientiarum Anim Sci 44:e56131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4025\/actascianimsci.v44i1.56131","journal-title":"Acta Scientiarum Anim Sci"},{"key":"5406_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.5433\/1679-0359.2025v46n3p739","volume":"46","author":"R Souza","year":"2025","unstructured":"Souza R, Alcalde CR, Damasceno JC, Passetti LCG, Molina BSL, Hygino B, Horst JA, Santos GT (2025) Impact of doses of protected fat supplementation on milk composition and performance of lactating Saanen goats. Semina: Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias 46:739\u2013756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5433\/1679-0359.2025v46n3p739","journal-title":"Semina: Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias"},{"key":"5406_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11051253","volume":"11","author":"CH Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun CH, Lee JS, Nejad JG, Kim WS, Lee HG (2021) Effect of a rumen-protected microencapsulated supplement from linseed oil on growth performance, meat quality, and fatty acid composition in Korean native steers. Animals 11:1253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani11051253","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"5406_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10115","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24591","volume":"107","author":"PG Toral","year":"2024","unstructured":"Toral PG, Herv\u00e1s G, Frutos P (2024) Research on ruminal biohydrogenation: achievements, gaps in knowledge, and future approaches from the perspective of dairy science. J Dairy Sci 107:10115\u201310140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2023-24591","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"5406_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2","volume":"74","author":"PJ Van Soest","year":"1991","unstructured":"Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA (1991) Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 74:3583\u20133597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"5406_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.18280\/ijdne.190513","volume":"19","author":"B Wardiman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wardiman B, Natsir A, Syahrir S (2024) Bibliometric analysis of trends and future research directions in protected fat supplementation in ruminant nutrition. Int J Des Nat Ecodyn 19:1591\u20131602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18280\/ijdne.190513","journal-title":"Int J Des Nat Ecodyn"},{"key":"5406_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2022.11.002","volume":"12","author":"C Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang C, Deng X, Lund P, Liu H, Ding X, Fu Z, Zhang N, Li J, Dong L (2022) Rumen microbiota-host transcriptome interaction mediates the protective effects of trans-10, cis-12 CLA on facilitating weaning transition of lambs. Anim Nutr 12:345\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aninu.2022.11.002","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"}],"container-title":["Tropical Animal Health and Production"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11250-026-05406-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11250-026-05406-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11250-026-05406-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T23:04:45Z","timestamp":1791673485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11250-026-05406-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["5406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-026-05406-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0049-4747","1573-7438"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0049-4747","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7438","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All procedures followed the guidelines recommended by the National Ethical Committee for the Control of Animal Experimentation (CONCEA, Brazil) for the use of animals (Approval Protocol Number 09\/2024).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval for animal use","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This manuscript is part of the academic thesis of the author Bernardin Fonrose defended in the Graduate Program in Science and Animal Health at the Federal University of Campina Grande. All authors consent to the publication of this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors affirm the absence of any financial conflicts of interest or personal affiliations that could be construed as having biased the conduct or interpretation of the research presented herein.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"590"}}