{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:39:40Z","timestamp":1792622380797,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792281600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trop Anim Health Prod"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-026-05423-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T17:10:54Z","timestamp":1792343454000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alterations in serum calcium and phosphorus levels, organ lesions and their relationships to egg production in point of lay pullets infected with Salmonella Gallinarum"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8509-4610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simeon Chibuko","family":"Okafor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0780-7531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Ikechukwu","family":"Ihedioha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9625-7956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Osita Arinze","family":"Okoye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"5423_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjem.2018.08.001","volume":"18","author":"H Akoglu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Akoglu H (2018) User\u2019s guide to correlation coefficients. Turk J Emerg Med 18:91\u201393","journal-title":"Turk J Emerg Med"},{"key":"5423_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174238","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1174238","volume":"14","author":"MA Bahry","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bahry MA, Hanlon C, Ziezold SS, Bedecarrats GY (2023) Impact of growth trajectory on sexual maturation in layer chickens. Front Physiol 14:1174238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2023.1174238","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5423_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2008.07.006","volume":"151","author":"A Bar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bar A (2008) Calcium homeostasis and vitamin D metabolism and expression in strongly calcifying laying birds. Comp Biochem Physio Mol Int Physiol 151(4):477\u2013490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpa.2008.07.006","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physio Mol Int Physiol"},{"key":"5423_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2010.542575","volume":"40","author":"PA Barrow","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barrow PA, Freitas Neto OC (2011) Pullorum disease and fowl typhoid\u2013 new thoughts on old diseases: a review. Avian Pathol 40:1\u201313","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"5423_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.3733\/hilg.v02n12p411","volume":"2","author":"JR Beach","year":"1927","unstructured":"Beach JR, Davis DE (1927) Acute infection in chicks and chronic infection of the ovaries of hens caused by the fowl typhoid organisms. Hilgardia 2:411\u2013424","journal-title":"Hilgardia"},{"issue":"1","key":"5423_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450120054631","volume":"30","author":"A Berchieri Jr","year":"2001","unstructured":"Berchieri A Jr, Murphy CK, Marston K, Barrow PA (2001) Observations on the persistence and vertical transmission of Salmonella enterica serovars Pullorum and Gallinarum in chickens: Effect of bacterial and host genetic background. Avian Pathol 30(1):221\u2013231","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5423_CR7","first-page":"101","volume":"34","author":"L Beyaz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Beyaz L, Atasever A, Aydin F, Gumusoy KS, Abay S (2010) Pathological and clinical findings and tissue distribution of Salmonella Gallinarum infection in Turkey poults. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 34(2):101\u2013110","journal-title":"Turk J Vet Anim Sci"},{"key":"5423_CR8","first-page":"378","volume-title":"Veterinary hematology and clinical chemistry","author":"AA Bohn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bohn AA (2012) Laboratory evaluation of electrolytes. In: Thrall MA, Weiser G, Allison R, Campbell TW (eds) Veterinary hematology and clinical chemistry, 2nd edn. Ames (IA), Wiley, pp 378\u2013392","edition":"2"},{"key":"5423_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.02033","volume":"7","author":"D Borda-Molina","year":"2016","unstructured":"Borda-Molina D, Vital M, Sommerfeld V, Rodehutscord M, Camarinha-Silva A (2016) Insights into broilers\u2019 gut microbiota fed with phosphor2c vxus, calcium, and phytase supplemented diets. Front Microbiol 7:2033. 10.3389\/ fmicb.2016.02033","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"5423_CR10","unstructured":"Campbell TW (2012) Haematology of birds. In: Thrall MA, Weiser G, Allison R (eds) Veterinary hematology and clinical chemistry, 2nd edn. Ames (IA), pp 238\u2013276"},{"key":"5423_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1637\/10796-021114-Case.1","volume":"58","author":"RA Casagrande","year":"2014","unstructured":"Casagrande RA, Wouters ATB, Wouters F, Pissetti C, de Itapema Cardoso MR, Driemeier D (2014) Fowl Typhoid (Salmonella Gallinarum) Outbreak in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Avian Dis 58:491\u2013494","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"5423_CR12","first-page":"614","volume":"44","author":"YH Chan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chan YH (2003) Biostatistics 104: correlational analysis. Singap Med J 44(12):614\u2013619","journal-title":"Singap Med J"},{"key":"5423_CR13","unstructured":"Chickipedia (2019) Health and biosecurity: What is a healthy hen? Available online: https:\/\/hn-int.com\/health-biosecurity\/"},{"key":"5423_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-018-2699-0","author":"MA Chiroma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chiroma MA, Sani A, Gadzama JJ, Esievo KAN, Hassan A, Majama YB, Balami AG, Ya\u2019u M, Gambo BG (2018) Calcium metabolism-related hormonal changes in layers experimentally infected with Salmonella Gallinarum. Comp Clin Pathol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00580-018-2699-0","journal-title":"Comp Clin Pathol"},{"key":"5423_CR14","first-page":"157","volume":"5","author":"MA Chishti","year":"1985","unstructured":"Chishti MA, Khan MZ, Man M (1985) Pathology of liver and spleen in avian salmonellosis. Pak Vet J 5:157\u2013160","journal-title":"Pak Vet J"},{"key":"5423_CR16","first-page":"472","volume-title":"Sturkie\u2019s avian physiology","author":"GC Dacke","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dacke GC (2000) Parathyroids, calcitonin, and vitamin D. In: Whittow GC (ed) Sturkie\u2019s avian physiology, 5th edn. Academic, London, pp 472\u2013485","edition":"5"},{"key":"5423_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(90)86135-I","volume":"186","author":"HH Draper","year":"1990","unstructured":"Draper HH, Hadley M (1990) Malondialdehyde determination as an index of lipid peroxidation. Meth Enzymol 186:421\u2013431","journal-title":"Meth Enzymol"},{"key":"5423_CR18","first-page":"715","volume-title":"Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry","author":"DB Endres","year":"2008","unstructured":"Endres DB, Rude RK (2008) Measurement of calcium. In: Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, Bruns DE (eds) Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry, 6th edn. Saunders Elsevier, Missouri, pp 715\u2013717","edition":"6"},{"key":"5423_CR19","unstructured":"FAO (2022) FAOSTAT trade- Crops and livestock product"},{"key":"5423_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459408418973","volume":"23","author":"A Fernandez","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fernandez A, Verde MT, Gascon M, Ramos J, Gomez J, Luco DF, Chavez G (1994) Variations of clinical biochemical parameters of laying hens and broiler chickens fed aflatoxin-containing feed. Avian Pathol 23:37\u201347","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"5423_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fu Y, Zhou J, Schroyen M, Zhang H, Wu S, Qi G, Wang J (2024) Decreased eggshell strength caused by impairment of uterine calcium transport coincide with higher bone minerals and quality in aged laying hens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 15(1):37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40104-023-00986-2. PMID: 38439110","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-023-00986-2"},{"key":"5423_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12030735","volume":"12","author":"L Galovicova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Galovicova L, Borotova P, Vukovic NL, Vukic M, Kunova S, Hanus P, Kowalczewski PL, Bakay L, Kacaniova M (2022) The potential use of Citrus aurantifolia L. Essential oils for decay control, quality preservation of Agricultural products, and anti-insect activity. Agronom 12:735","journal-title":"Agronom"},{"key":"5423_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465817","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1465817","volume":"15","author":"RA Garcia-Mejia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garcia-Mejia RA, Sinclair-Black M, Blair LR, Angel R, Jaramillo B, Regmi P, Neupane N, Proszkowiec-Weglarz M, Arbe X, Cavero D, Ellestad LE (2024) Physiological changes in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus utilization that occur after the onset of egg production in commercial laying hens. Front Physiol 15:1465817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2024.1465817","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"5423_CR24","unstructured":"Garrison DM, Pandela VS, Memon J (2023) In: StatPearls T (ed) Cor pulmonale. StatPearls Publishing, Island (FL)"},{"issue":"11","key":"5423_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12860-021-00350-0","volume":"22","author":"J Gautron","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gautron J, Le Roy N, Nys Y, Rodriguez-Navarro AB, Hincke MT (2021) Avian eggshell biomineralization: An update on its structure, mineralogy and protein tool kit. BMC Mol Biol 22(11):11\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12860-021-00350-0","journal-title":"BMC Mol Biol"},{"key":"5423_CR26","first-page":"4137","volume":"44","author":"R Gonzales","year":"1984","unstructured":"Gonzales R, Auclair C, Voison E, Gautero H, Dhermy D, Boivin P (1984) Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in red blood cells from patients with malignant diseases. Cancer Res 44:4137\u20134139","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"5423_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guyonnet V (2025) World egg production and marketing trends. Handbook of Egg Science and Technology. Chapter 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9781003254430-3","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003254430-3"},{"key":"5423_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci8050071","volume":"8","author":"AKMZ Haque","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haque AKMZ, Akter MR, Islam SS, Alam J, Neogi SB, Yamasaki S, Kabir SML (2021) Salmonella Gallinarum in small-scale commercial layer flocks: Occurrence, molecular diversity and antibiogram. Vet Sci 8:71","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"5423_CR29","unstructured":"Harrison GJ, McDonald D (2006) Nutritional considerations\u2013 section II: nutritional disorders. In: Harrison GJ, Lightfoot TL (ed) Clinical avian medicine. Ithaca (NY), International Veterinary Information Service: A3810.0806,www.clinicalavianmedicine.com\/http:\/\/www.ivis.org. https:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#data\/TCL"},{"key":"5423_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3580","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.7.3580-3586.1999","volume":"67","author":"CH Henderson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Henderson CH, Bounous DI, Lee MD (1999) Early events in the pathogenesis of avian salmonellosis. Infect Immun 67:3580\u20133586","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"5423_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0083-6729(08)60395-7","volume":"45","author":"S Hurwitz","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hurwitz S (1989) Calcium homeostasis in birds. Vitam Horm 45:173\u2013221","journal-title":"Vitam Horm"},{"key":"5423_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ivanov AV, Valuev-Elliston VT, Ivanova ON, Kochetkov SN, Starodubova ES, Bartosch B, Isaguliants MG (2016) Oxidative stress during HIV infection: Mechanisms and consequences. Oxid Med Cell Longev 8910396","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8910396"},{"key":"5423_CR33","first-page":"568","volume-title":"Sturkie\u2019s avian physiology","author":"AL Johnson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Johnson AL (2000) Reproduction in the female. In: Wittow GC (ed) Sturkie\u2019s avian physiology, 5th edn. Academic, London, pp 568\u2013591","edition":"5"},{"key":"5423_CR34","first-page":"179","volume":"75","author":"S Kappeli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kappeli S, Fr\u00f6hlich E, Gebhardt-Henrich SG, Pfulg A, Schaublin H, Zweifel R, Wiedmer H, Stoffel MH (2011) Effects of dietary supplementation with synthetic vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on blood calcium and phosphate levels and performance in laying hens. Arch Geflugelk 75:179\u2013184","journal-title":"Arch Geflugelk"},{"key":"5423_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/82.9.1415","volume":"82","author":"K Keshavarz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Keshavarz K (2003) A comparison between cholecalciferol and 25-OH-cholecalciferol on performance and eggshell quality of hens fed different levels of calcium and phosphorus. Poult Sci 82:1415\u20131422","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"5423_CR36","first-page":"689","volume":"5","author":"E Klein","year":"1889","unstructured":"Klein E (1889) \u00dcber eine epidemische Krankheit der H\u00fchner, verursacht durch einen Bacillus, Bacillus Gallinarum. Zentralblatt f\u00fcr Bakteriolog 5:689\u2013693","journal-title":"Zentralblatt f\u00fcr Bakteriolog"},{"key":"5423_CR37","first-page":"18","volume":"21","author":"T Kokosharov","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kokosharov T, Petkov I, Dzhurova I (1984) Cocks with experimentally induced acute typhoid. Vet Med Nauki 21:18\u201326","journal-title":"Vet Med Nauki"},{"issue":"10","key":"5423_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2013.725-729","volume":"6","author":"D Kumari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kumari D, Mishra SK, Lather D (2013) Pathomicrobial studies on Salmonella Gallinarum infection in broiler chickens. Vet World 6(10):725\u2013729","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"5423_CR39","unstructured":"Lamb EJ, Price CP (2008) Creatinine, urea and uric acid. In: Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, Bruns DE (eds) Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry, 6th edn. Missouri, Saunders Elsevier, pp 363\u2013372"},{"key":"5423_CR40","first-page":"p717","volume-title":"Clinical Avian Medicine","author":"AH Lewandowski","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lewandowski AH, Campbell TW, Harrison GJ (1986) Clinical chemistries. In: Harrison GJ, Harrison LR (eds) Clinical Avian Medicine. WB Sauders, Philadelphia, p p717"},{"key":"5423_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2016.05.006","volume":"214","author":"PD Lopes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lopes PD, Freitas Neto OC, Batista DFA, Denadai J, Alarcon MFF, Almeida AM, Vasconcelos RO, Setta A, Barrow PA, Berchieri Junior A (2016) Experimental infection of chickens by a flagellated motile strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum. Vet J 214:40\u201346","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"5423_CR42","volume-title":"Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development-Food and Agricultural Organization (OECD-FAO) Agricultural Outlook 2017\u20132026","author":"OECD","year":"2017","unstructured":"OECD (2017) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development-Food and Agricultural Organization (OECD-FAO) Agricultural Outlook 2017\u20132026. OECD Publishing, Paris"},{"key":"5423_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/79.4.575","volume":"79","author":"H Ogawa","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ogawa H, Takahashi T, Yasuoka T, Kuwayama T, Tanaka K, Kawashima M (2000) Parathyroid hormone receptor binding property in the shell gland of oviduct of the guinea fowl during an oviposition cycle. Poult Sci 79:575\u2013579","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"5423_CR44","volume-title":"World Organization for Animal Health. Disease Information","author":"OIE","year":"2015","unstructured":"OIE (2015) World Organization for Animal Health. Disease Information. OIE, Paris"},{"issue":"7","key":"5423_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.21-0227","volume":"83","author":"S Ojima","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ojima S, Okamura M, Osawa N, Tamura A, Yoshioka K, Kashimoto T, Haneda T, Ono HK, Hu DL (2021) Characteristics of systemic infection and host responses in chickens experimentally infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum. J Vet Med Sci 83(7):1147\u20131154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1292\/jvms.21-0227","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5423_CR46","first-page":"109","volume":"13","author":"SC Okafor","year":"2023","unstructured":"Okafor SC, Ihedioha JI, Ezema WS (2023) Haematological alterations in laying hens infected with Salmonella Gallinarum, and their relationship to egg production. J Vet Appld Sci 13(1):109\u2013117","journal-title":"J Vet Appld Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"5423_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1556\/004.2024.01080","volume":"72","author":"SC Okafor","year":"2024","unstructured":"Okafor SC, Ihedioha JI, Ezema WS (2024) Biochemical perturbations associated with Salmonella Gallinarum infection in laying hens: Is oxidative stress implicated? Acta Vet Hungarica 72(4):215\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/004.2024.01080","journal-title":"Acta Vet Hungarica"},{"issue":"3","key":"5423_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2025073","DOI":"10.12982\/VIS.2025.073","volume":"23","author":"SC Okafor","year":"2025","unstructured":"Okafor SC, Ihedioha JI, Ezema WS (2025) Experimental Salmonella Gallinarum infection in point of lay pullets: Correlation of hematology and oxidative stress with egg production. Vet Integr Sci 23(3):e2025073\u2013e2025071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12982\/VIS.2025.073","journal-title":"Vet Integr Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5423_CR49","first-page":"14","volume":"5","author":"AEJ Okwori","year":"2013","unstructured":"Okwori AEJ, Ogbe R, Chollom SC, Agada GOA, Ujah A, Okwori E, Adeyanju ON, Echeonwu GON (2013) Isolation of Salmonella Gallinarum from poultry droppings in Jos metropolis, Plateau State. Nig J Agric Vet Sci 5(2):14\u201344","journal-title":"Nig J Agric Vet Sci"},{"key":"5423_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-35982012001200007","volume":"41","author":"SM Pastore","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pastore SM, Gomes PC, Rostagno HS, Albino LFT, Calderano AA, Vellasco CR, da Silva Viana G, de Almeida RL (2012) Calcium levels and calcium: available phosphorus ratios in diets for white egg layers from 42 to 58 weeks of age. Rev Bras Zootech 41:2424\u20132432","journal-title":"Rev Bras Zootech"},{"key":"5423_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)01002-3","volume":"434","author":"RA Patterson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Patterson RA, Leacke DS (1998) Human serum cysteine and histidine inhibit the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein less at acidic pH. Fed Euro Biochem Soc Lett 434:317\u2013321","journal-title":"Fed Euro Biochem Soc Lett"},{"key":"5423_CR52","first-page":"33","volume":"19","author":"PK Paul","year":"2015","unstructured":"Paul PK, Haider MG, Khaton R, Ghosh SK, Das PM, Hossain MM (2015) Pathological investigation of fowl typhoid in chickens in Mymensingh. Annals Bangl Agric 19:33\u201341","journal-title":"Annals Bangl Agric"},{"key":"5423_CR53","unstructured":"Rubin LJ (2022) Cor Pulmonale: The heart in structural lung disease. In: Fuster V, Narula J, Vaishnava P, Leon MB, Callans DJ, Ramsfeld J, Poppas A eds, Fuster and Hurst\u2019s The Heart, 15th ed. McGraw Hill"},{"key":"5423_CR54","unstructured":"Samour J, Silvanose C, Pendi H, Bailey TA (2015) Clinical and laboratory diagnostic examination. In: Samour J (ed) Avian Medicine, 3rd edn. Elsevier Health Sciences"},{"key":"5423_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.5380\/avs.v12i3.10906","volume":"12","author":"EMS Schmidt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schmidt EMS, Locatelli-Dittrich R, Santin E, Paulillo AC (2007) Patologia cl\u00ednica em aves de produ\u00e7\u00e3o \u2013 Uma ferramenta para monitorar a sanidade av\u00edcola \u2013 revis\u00e3o. Arch Vet Sci 12:9\u201320.","journal-title":"Arch Vet Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5423_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.19.2.1222","volume":"19","author":"HL Shivaprasad","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shivaprasad HL (2000) Fowl typhoid and Pullorum disease. Rev Sci Tech Off Intl Epizoot 19(2):405\u2013424","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech Off Intl Epizoot"},{"key":"5423_CR57","unstructured":"Shivaprasad HL, Barrow PA (2013) Pullorum disease and fowl typhoid. In: Swayne DE, Glisson JR, McDougald LR, Nolan LK, Suarez DL, Nair VL (eds) Diseases of Poultry, 13th edn. Ames. Wiley-Blackwell and Iowa State, pp 678\u2013693"},{"issue":"5","key":"5423_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.16.0824","volume":"30","author":"A Sikandar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sikandar A, Zaneb F, Younus M, Masood S, Aslam A, Khattak F, Ashraf S, Yousaf MS, Rehman H (2017) Effect of sodium butyrate on performance, immune status, microarchitecture of small intestinal mucosa and lymphoid organs in broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian J Anim Sci 30(5):690\u2013699","journal-title":"Asian-Australasian J Anim Sci"},{"key":"5423_CR59","first-page":"217","volume":"20","author":"S Simsek","year":"2006","unstructured":"Simsek S, Yuce A, Utuk AE (2006) Determination of serum malondialdehyde levels in sheep naturally infected with Dicrocoelium dendriticum. Firat Univ Saglik Bil Dergisi 20:217\u2013220","journal-title":"Firat Univ Saglik Bil Dergisi"},{"key":"5423_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112499","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1112499","volume":"14","author":"M Sinclair-Black","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sinclair-Black M, Garcia-Mejia RA, Ellestad LE (2023) Physiological regulation of calcium and phosphorus in laying hens. Front Physiol 14:1112499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2023.1112499","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5423_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103209","volume":"103","author":"M Sinclair-Black","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sinclair-Black M, Garcia-Mejia RA, Blair LR, Angel R, Arbe X, Cavero D, Ellestad LE (2024) Circadian regulation of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis during the oviposition cycle in laying eggs. Poult Sci 103(2):103209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103209","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"5423_CR62","first-page":"141","volume-title":"Clinical avian medicine","author":"M Stanford","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stanford M (2006) Calcium metabolism. In: Harrison GJ, Lightfoot TL (eds) Clinical avian medicine, vol 1. Palm Beach (FL), Spix, pp 141\u2013151"},{"key":"5423_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.161.13.456","volume":"161","author":"M Stanford","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stanford M (2007) Clinical pathology of hypocalcemia in adult grey parrots (Psittacuse erithacus). Vet Rec 161:456\u2013457","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"5423_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2006.1151.1155","volume":"5","author":"A Talebi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Talebi A (2006) Biochemical parameters in broiler chickens vaccinated against ND, IB and IBD. Intl J Poult Sci 5:1151\u20131155","journal-title":"Intl J Poult Sci"},{"key":"5423_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-010-9351-6","volume":"86","author":"M Tenne","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tenne M, McGuigan FE, Ahlborg H, Gerdhem P, Kesson KA (2010) Variation in the PTH gene, hip fracture, and femoral neck geometry in elderly women. Cal Tissue Intl 86:359\u2013366","journal-title":"Cal Tissue Intl"},{"key":"5423_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.077404.108","volume":"18","author":"NR Thomson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thomson NR, Clayton DJ, Windhorst D, Vernikos G, Davidson S, Churcher C, Quail MA, Stevens M, Jones MA, Watson M et al (2008) Comparative genome analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 and Salmonella Gallinarum 287\/91 provides insights into evolutionary and host adaptation pathways. Genome Res 18:1624\u20131637","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"5423_CR67","unstructured":"USDA (2024) Chickens and Eggs. National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). ISSN: 1948\u20139064"},{"key":"5423_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2009.197","volume":"5","author":"CJ Weydert","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weydert CJ, Cullen JJ (2010) Measurement of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in cultured cells and tissue. Nat Protoc 5:51\u201366","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"5423_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/117.4.808","volume":"117","author":"RF Wideman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wideman RF (1987) Renal regulation of avian calcium and phosphorus metabolism. J Nutri 117:808\u2013815","journal-title":"J Nutri"},{"key":"5423_CR70","unstructured":"WOAH (2012) World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestial Animals. Marian Truszczynski eds. WOAH Standard commission Publication. Off Intl Epizootol 1\u201319"},{"issue":"3","key":"5423_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(94)90214-3","volume":"109","author":"JC Wu","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wu JC, Smith MW, Turvey A, Keable SJ, Colston KW (1994) Differential regulation of vitamin D receptor and intestinal calcium transport occurring during sexual maturation in fowl (Gallus domesticus). Comp Biochem Physiol Physiol 109(3):713\u2013720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0300-9629(94)90214-3","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol Physiol"},{"key":"5423_CR72","first-page":"98","volume":"40","author":"S Yasmin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yasmin S, Nawaz M, Anjum AA, Ashraf K, Ullah N, Mustapha A, Ali MA, Mehmood A (2019) Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonellae isolated from different districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Pak Vet J 40:98\u2013102","journal-title":"Pak Vet J"},{"issue":"4","key":"5423_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.3382\/japr\/pfz051","volume":"28","author":"NS Zanetti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zanetti NS, De Carli S, Souza MN, Lehmann FKM, Kipper D, Dias KKR, Fonseca ASK, Lunge VR, Ikuta N (2019) Molecular detection and Characterization of Salmonella Gallinarum from poultry farms in Brazil. J Appld Poult Res 28(4):1335\u20131341","journal-title":"J Appld Poult Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5423_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01605-x","volume":"9","author":"X Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou X, Kang X, Zhou K, Yue M (2022) A global dataset for prevalence of Salmonella Gallinarum between 1945 and 2021. Sci Data 9(1):495","journal-title":"Sci Data"}],"container-title":["Tropical Animal Health and Production"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11250-026-05423-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11250-026-05423-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11250-026-05423-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:02:50Z","timestamp":1792620170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11250-026-05423-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["5423"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-026-05423-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0049-4747","1573-7438"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0049-4747","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7438","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria (Approval no: FVM-UNN-IACUC-2020-0339, Date: March 10, 2020).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"608"}}