{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:37:40Z","timestamp":1792798660496,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,25]],"date-time":"2017-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506297600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urol Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-017-1697-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,25]],"date-time":"2017-09-25T04:16:00Z","timestamp":1506312960000},"page":"2195-2204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Addition of silymarin to renin\u2013angiotensin system blockers in normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and proteinuria: a prospective randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Luminita","family":"Voroneanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrie","family":"Siriopol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raluca","family":"Dumea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Badarau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Kanbay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baris","family":"Afsar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Gavrilovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Covic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1697_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2013) Chapter 1: Definition and classification of CKD. Kidney Int Suppl 3(1):19\u201362","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2012.64"},{"issue":"2","key":"1697_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2014.01.007","volume":"21","author":"RZ Alicic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alicic RZ, Tuttle KR (2014) Novel therapies for diabetic kidney disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 21(2):121\u2013133","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1697_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2010.02269.x","volume":"268","author":"P Stenvinkel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stenvinkel P (2010) Chronic kidney disease: a public health priority and harbinger of premature cardiovascular disease. J Intern Med 268(5):456\u2013467","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"1697_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2014.10.001","volume":"20","author":"MP Chin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chin MP, Wrolstad D, Bakris GL, Chertow GM, de Zeeuw D, Goldsberry A et al (2014) Risk factors for heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stage 4 chronic kidney disease treated with bardoxolone methyl. J Cardiac Fail 20(12):953\u2013958","journal-title":"J Cardiac Fail"},{"issue":"1 Suppl 1","key":"1697_CR5","first-page":"A7, e1-420","volume":"59","author":"AJ Collins","year":"2012","unstructured":"Collins AJ, Foley RN, Chavers B, Gilbertson D, Herzog C, Johansen K et al (2012) \u2018United States Renal Data System 2011 Annual Data Report: Atlas of chronic kidney disease & end-stage renal disease in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis 59(1 Suppl 1):A7, e1-420","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"1697_CR6","volume-title":"National diabetes statistics report: estimates of diabetes and its burden in the United States","author":"Prevention CfDCa","year":"2014","unstructured":"CfDCa Prevention (2014) National diabetes statistics report: estimates of diabetes and its burden in the United States. US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta"},{"key":"1697_CR7","unstructured":"(2011) The IDF Diabetes Atlas, 5th edn. Available from: http:\/\/www.idf.org\/diabetesatlas"},{"issue":"4 Suppl 1","key":"1697_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S182","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.27439","volume":"38","author":"Y Akai","year":"2001","unstructured":"Akai Y, Sato H, Ozaki H, Iwano M, Dohi Y, Kanauchi M (2001) Association of transforming growth factor-beta1 T29C polymorphism with the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis 38(4 Suppl 1):S182\u2013S185","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1697_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.128","volume":"87","author":"ME Molitch","year":"2015","unstructured":"Molitch ME, Adler AI, Flyvbjerg A, Nelson RG, So WY, Wanner C et al (2015) Diabetic kidney disease: a clinical update from kidney disease: improving global outcomes. Kidney Int 87(1):20\u201330","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"1697_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i438","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i438","volume":"352","author":"S Bangalore","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bangalore S, Fakheri R, Toklu B, Messerli FH (2016) Diabetes mellitus as a compelling indication for use of renin angiotensin system blockers: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. BMJ 352:i438 (Clinical Research ed.)","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"1697_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-015-0968-2","volume":"47","author":"ML Tian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tian ML, Shen Y, Sun ZL, Zha Y (2015) Efficacy and safety of combining pentoxifylline with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker in diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol 47(5):815\u2013822","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1697_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.348","volume":"174","author":"J Cheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheng J, Zhang W, Zhang X, Han F, Li X, He X et al (2014) Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular deaths, and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 174(5):773\u2013785","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"1697_CR13","unstructured":"GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (2015) Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990\u20132013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 385(9963):117\u2013171"},{"issue":"7","key":"1697_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.413","volume":"81","author":"JA Hirst","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hirst JA, Taylor KS, Stevens RJ, Blacklock CL, Roberts NW, Pugh CW et al (2012) The impact of renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system inhibitors on type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients with and without early diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 81(7):674\u2013683","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"1697_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5147468","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5147468","volume":"2016","author":"L Voroneanu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Voroneanu L, Nistor I, Dumea R, Apetrii M, Covic A (2016) Silymarin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Res 2016:5147468","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"1697_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.03.001","volume":"107","author":"C Leporini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leporini C, Pisano A, Russo E, D\u2019Arrigo G, de Sarro G, Coppolino G et al (2016) Effect of pentoxifylline on renal outcomes in chronic kidney disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacol Res 107:315\u2013332","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"1697_CR17","first-page":"1801","volume":"8","author":"N Milic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Milic N, Milosevic N, Suvajdzic L, Zarkov M, Abenavoli L (2013) New therapeutic potentials of milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Nat Prod Commun 8(12):1801\u20131810","journal-title":"Nat Prod Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"1697_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.2133\/dmpk.19.245","volume":"19","author":"H Tsuda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tsuda H, Ohshima Y, Nomoto H, K-i Fujita, Matsuda E, Iigo M et al (2004) Cancer prevention by natural compounds. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 19(4):245\u2013263","journal-title":"Drug Metab Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"6","key":"1697_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2010.486488","volume":"32","author":"G Vessal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vessal G, Akmali M, Najafi P, Moein MR, Sagheb MM (2010) Silymarin and milk thistle extract may prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Ren Fail 32(6):733\u2013739","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"issue":"14","key":"1697_CR20","first-page":"1090","volume":"17","author":"C Soto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Soto C, Perez J, Garcia V, Uria E, Vadillo M, Raya L (2010) Effect of silymarin on kidneys of rats suffering from alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. Phytomed Int J Phytother Phytopharmacol 17(14):1090\u20131094","journal-title":"Phytomed Int J Phytother Phytopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1697_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2010.541579","volume":"33","author":"J Roozbeh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roozbeh J, Shahriyari B, Akmali M, Vessal G, Pakfetrat M, Raees Jalali GA et al (2011) Comparative effects of silymarin and vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress markers, and hemoglobin levels among patients on hemodialysis. Ren Fail 33(2):118\u2013123","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"issue":"6","key":"1697_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.06.005","volume":"60","author":"MK Fallahzadeh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fallahzadeh MK, Dormanesh B, Sagheb MM, Roozbeh J, Vessal G, Pakfetrat M et al (2012) Effect of addition of silymarin to renin\u2013angiotensin system inhibitors on proteinuria in type 2 diabetic patients with overt nephropathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Kidney Dis 60(6):896\u2013903","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"1697_CR23","volume-title":"The encyclopedia of natural medicine","author":"T Michael De","year":"2012","unstructured":"De Michael T, Murray JP (2012) The encyclopedia of natural medicine, 3rd edn. Atria Books, Los Angeles","edition":"3"},{"issue":"10","key":"1697_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3207","volume":"24","author":"L Abenavoli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abenavoli L, Capasso R, Milic N, Capasso F (2010) Milk thistle in liver diseases: past, present, future. Phytother Res. 24(10):1423\u20131432","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"1697_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.8265","volume":"308","author":"MW Fried","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fried MW, Navarro VJ, Afdhal N, Belle SH, Wahed AS, Hawke RL et al (2012) Effect of silymarin (milk thistle) on liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C unsuccessfully treated with interferon therapy: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA J Am Med Assoc 308(3):274\u2013282","journal-title":"JAMA J Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"28","key":"1697_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht151","volume":"34","author":"G Mancia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redon J, Zanchetti A, Bohm M et al (2013) 2013 ESH\/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 34(28):2159\u20132219","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"9","key":"1697_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","volume":"150","author":"AS Levey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Zhang YL, Castro AF 3rd, Feldman HI et al (2009) A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med 150(9):604\u2013612","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1697_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2015.2","volume":"5","author":"AJ Collins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Collins AJ, Foley RN, Gilbertson DT, Chen S-C (2015) United States Renal Data System public health surveillance of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int Suppl 5(1):2\u20137","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"issue":"9311","key":"1697_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08090-X","volume":"359","author":"LH Lindholm","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lindholm LH, Ibsen H, Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Beevers G, de Faire U et al (2002) Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet (Lond, Engl) 359(9311):1004\u20131010","journal-title":"Lancet (Lond, Engl)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1697_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.2337\/diaclin.22.1.34","volume":"22","author":"KMV Narayan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Narayan KMV (2004) The steno diabetes study. Clin Diabetes 22(1):34\u201335","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes"},{"issue":"9931","key":"1697_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60384-6","volume":"383","author":"A Ortiz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ortiz A, Covic A, Fliser D, Fouque D, Goldsmith D, Kanbay M et al (2014) Epidemiology, contributors to, and clinical trials of mortality risk in chronic kidney failure. Lancet (Lond, Engl) 383(9931):1831\u20131843","journal-title":"Lancet (Lond, Engl)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1697_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(97)80255-3","volume":"26","author":"M Velussi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Velussi M, Cernigoi AM, Monte A, Dapas F, Caffau C, Zilli M (1997) Long-term (12\u00a0months) treatment with an anti-oxidant drug (silymarin) is effective on hyperinsulinemia, exogenous insulin need and malondialdehyde levels in cirrhotic diabetic patients. J Hepatol. 26(4):871\u2013879","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"1697_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200209000-00011","volume":"35","author":"S Agrawal","year":"2002","unstructured":"Agrawal S, Bonkovsky HL (2002) Management of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: an analytic review. J Clin Gastroenterol 35(3):253\u2013261","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1697_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F691","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00028.2013","volume":"305","author":"K Khazim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khazim K, Gorin Y, Cavaglieri RC, Abboud HE, Fanti P (2013) The antioxidant silybin prevents high glucose-induced oxidative stress and podocyte injury in vitro and in vivo. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 305(5):F691\u2013F700","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1697_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1991.308","volume":"40","author":"G Hasegawa","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hasegawa G, Nakano K, Sawada M, Uno K, Shibayama Y, Ienaga K et al (1991) Possible role of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 40(6):1007\u20131012","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"1697_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.88","volume":"77","author":"O Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1nchez O, L\u00f3pez-Hern\u00e1ndez FJ, L\u00f3pez-Novoa JM (2010) An integrative view on the role of TGF-\u03b2 in the progressive tubular deletion associated with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 77(11):950\u2013955","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"1697_CR37","first-page":"103","volume":"12","author":"SS Metwally","year":"2005","unstructured":"Metwally SS, Mosaad YM, Nassr AA, Zaki OM (2005) Transforming growth factor-beta 1 in diabetic nephropathy. Egypt J Immunol Egypt Assoc Immunol 12(1):103\u2013112","journal-title":"Egypt J Immunol Egypt Assoc Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1697_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3428","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfl469","volume":"21","author":"JF Navarro","year":"2006","unstructured":"Navarro JF, Mora C, Muros M, Garcia J (2006) Urinary tumour necrosis factor-alpha excretion independently correlates with clinical markers of glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury in type 2 diabetic patients. Nephrol Dial Transpl 21(12):3428\u20133434","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"key":"1697_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8917578","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8917578","volume":"2016","author":"S Bernardi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bernardi S, Michelli A, Zuolo G, Candido R, Fabris B (2016) Update on RAAS modulation for the treatment of diabetic cardiovascular disease. J Diabetes Res 2016:8917578","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"1697_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1988","volume":"20","author":"HF Huseini","year":"2006","unstructured":"Huseini HF, Larijani B, Heshmat R, Fakhrzadeh H, Radjabipour B, Toliat T et al (2006) The efficacy of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (silymarin) in the treatment of type II diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Phytother Res 20(12):1036\u20131039","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1697_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2006.089","volume":"10","author":"SA Hussain","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hussain SA (2007) Silymarin as an adjunct to glibenclamide therapy improves long-term and postprandial glycemic control and body mass index in type 2 diabetes. J Med Food 10(3):543\u2013547","journal-title":"J Med Food"}],"container-title":["International Urology and Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11255-017-1697-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11255-017-1697-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11255-017-1697-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]],"date-time":"2019-10-03T22:42:43Z","timestamp":1570142563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11255-017-1697-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,25]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1697"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11255-017-1697-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-1623","1573-2584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-1623","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,25]]}}}