{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T12:21:43Z","timestamp":1792758103889,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["155700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["155700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urol Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-019-02291-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T15:04:59Z","timestamp":1569942299000},"page":"2209-2226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["The gut microbiota and its relationship with chronic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Consuelo","family":"Plata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristino","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luz G.","family":"Cervantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2782-1381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9811","key":"2291_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(11)60178-5","volume":"379","author":"AS Levey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Levey AS, Coresh J (2012) Chronic kidney disease. Lancet 379(9811):165\u2013180. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(11)60178-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2291_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00007","volume":"158","author":"PE Stevens","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stevens PE, Levin A (2013) Evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the kidney disease: improving global outcomes 2012 clinical practice guideline. Ann Internal Med 158:825\u2013830","journal-title":"Ann Internal Med"},{"key":"2291_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.116.003698","author":"SH Karbach","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karbach SH, Schonfelder T, Brandao I, Wilms E, Hormann N, Jackel S, Schuler R, Finger S, Knorr M, Lagrange J, Brandt M, Waisman A, Kossmann S, Schafer K, Munzel T, Reinhardt C, Wenzel P (2016) Gut microbiota promote angiotensin II-induced arterial hypertension and vascular dysfunction. J Am Heart Assoc. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.116.003698","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"9981","key":"2291_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(14)61601-9","volume":"385","author":"T Liyanage","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liyanage T, Ninomiya T, Jha V, Neal B, Patrice HM, Okpechi I, Zhao M-h, Lv J, Garg AX, Knight J, Rodgers A, Gallagher M, Kotwal S, Cass A, Perkovic V (2015) Worldwide access to treatment for end-stage kidney disease: a systematic review. Lancet 385(9981):1975\u20131982. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(14)61601-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2291_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2012.73","volume":"3","author":"A Levin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Levin A, Stevens PE, Bilous RW, Coresh J, De Francisco ALM, De Jong PE, Griffith KE, Hemmelgarn BR, Iseki K, Lamb EJ, Levey AS, Riella MC, Shlipak MG, Wang H, White CT, Winearls CG (2013) Kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) CKD work group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl 3(1):1\u2013150. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/kisup.2012.73","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"issue":"2","key":"2291_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000568","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2016-000568","volume":"4","author":"K Szummer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Szummer K, Evans M, Carrero JJ, Alehagen U, Dahlstrom U, Benson L, Lund LH (2017) Comparison of the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration, the modification of diet in renal disease study and the cockcroft-gault equation in patients with heart failure. Open Heart 4(2):e000568. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/openhrt-2016-000568","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"issue":"11","key":"2291_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-016-3527-x","volume":"32","author":"P Evenepoel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Evenepoel P, Poesen R, Meijers B (2017) The gut-kidney axis. Pediatr Nephrol 32(11):2005\u20132014. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-016-3527-x","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"2291_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10070300","author":"E Castillo-Rodriguez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Castillo-Rodriguez E, Fernandez-Prado R, Esteras R, Perez-Gomez MV, Gracia-Iguacel C, Fernandez-Fernandez B, Kanbay M, Tejedor A, Lazaro A, Ruiz-Ortega M, Gonzalez-Parra E, Sanz AB, Ortiz A, Sanchez-Nino MD (2018) Impact of altered intestinal microbiota on chronic kidney disease progression. Toxins (Basel). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins10070300","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"2291_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.03.003","volume":"130","author":"C Cosola","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cosola C, Rocchetti MT, Cupisti A, Gesualdo L (2018) Microbiota metabolites: pivotal players of cardiovascular damage in chronic kidney disease. Pharmacol Res 130:132\u2013142. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.03.003","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"29","key":"2291_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8787","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i29.8787","volume":"21","author":"SM Jandhyala","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jandhyala SM, Talukdar R, Subramanyam C, Vuyyuru H, Sasikala M, Nageshwar Reddy D (2015) Role of the normal gut microbiota. World J Gastroenterol 21(29):8787\u20138803. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v21.i29.8787","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2291_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.02.011","volume":"92","author":"E Mishima","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mishima E, Fukuda S, Mukawa C, Yuri A, Kanemitsu Y, Matsumoto Y, Akiyama Y, Fukuda NN, Tsukamoto H, Asaji K, Shima H, Kikuchi K, Suzuki C, Suzuki T, Tomioka Y, Soga T, Ito S, Abe T (2017) Evaluation of the impact of gut microbiota on uremic solute accumulation by a CE-TOFMS-based metabolomics approach. Kidney Int 92(3):634\u2013645. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2017.02.011","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2291_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2018.08.010","volume":"43","author":"C Cremon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cremon C, Barbaro MR, Ventura M, Barbara G (2018) Pre- and probiotic overview. Curr Opin Pharmacol 43:87\u201392. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coph.2018.08.010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2291_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2016.10.007","volume":"10","author":"B Afsar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Afsar B, Vaziri ND, Aslan G, Tarim K, Kanbay M (2016) Gut hormones and gut microbiota: implications for kidney function and hypertension. J Am Soc Hypertens 10(12):954\u2013961. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jash.2016.10.007","journal-title":"J Am Soc Hypertens"},{"key":"2291_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2017.00138","author":"S Al Khodor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al Khodor S, Reichert B, Shatat IF (2017) The microbiome and blood pressure: can microbes regulate our blood pressure? Front Pediatrics. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2017.00138","journal-title":"Front Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2291_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2015.191","volume":"12","author":"J Aron-Wisnewsky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aron-Wisnewsky J, Clement K (2016) The gut microbiome, diet, and links to cardiometabolic and chronic disorders. Nat Rev Nephrol 12(3):169\u2013181. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneph.2015.191","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2291_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1159\/000450619","volume":"135","author":"M Kikuchi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kikuchi M, Ueno M, Itoh Y, Suda W, Hattori M (2017) Uremic toxin-producing gut microbiota in rats with chronic kidney disease. Nephron 135(1):51\u201360. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000450619","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"2291_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14974","author":"JR Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee JR, Magruder M, Zhang L, Westblade LF, Satlin MJ, Robertson A, Edusei E, Crawford C, Ling L, Taur Y, Schluter J, Lubetzky M, Dadhania D, Pamer E, Suthanthiran M (2018) Gut microbiota dysbiosis and diarrhea in kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajt.14974","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"2291_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9040393","author":"A Rosas-Villegas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rosas-Villegas A, Sanchez-Tapia M, Avila-Nava A, Ramirez V, Tovar AR, Torres N (2017) Differential effect of sucrose and fructose in combination with a high fat diet on intestinal microbiota and kidney oxidative stress. Nutrients. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu9040393","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"8","key":"2291_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.75","volume":"14","author":"GR Gibson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gibson GR, Hutkins R, Sanders ME, Prescott SL, Reimer RA, Salminen SJ, Scott K, Stanton C, Swanson KS, Cani PD, Verbeke K, Reid G (2017) Expert consensus document: the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 14(8):491\u2013502. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.75","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2291_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533615609899","volume":"30","author":"GA Cresci","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cresci GA, Bawden E (2015) Gut microbiome: what we do and don\u2019t know. Nutr Clin Pract 30(6):734\u2013746. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0884533615609899","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"2291_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms6040107","author":"MEM Obrenovich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Obrenovich MEM (2018) Leaky gut, leaky brain? Microorganisms. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms6040107","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2291_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0210-8","author":"CA Gaulke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gaulke CA, Sharpton TJ (2018) The influence of ethnicity and geography on human gut microbiome composition. Nat Med. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-018-0210-8","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2291_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","volume":"11","author":"C Hill","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, Gibson GR, Merenstein DJ, Pot B, Morelli L, Canani RB, Flint HJ, Salminen S, Calder PC, Sanders ME (2014) Expert consensus document. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 11(8):506\u2013514. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2291_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-018-9411-1","author":"NA Borges","year":"2018","unstructured":"Borges NA, Stenvinkel P, Bergman P, Qureshi AR, Lindholm B, Moraes C, Stockler-Pinto MB, Mafra D (2018) Effects of probiotic supplementation on trimethylamine-N-oxide plasma levels in hemodialysis patients: a pilot study. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-018-9411-1","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"issue":"7","key":"2291_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2011121175","volume":"23","author":"F Duranton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Duranton F, Cohen G, De Smet R, Rodriguez M, Jankowski J, Vanholder R, Argiles A, European Uremic Toxin Work G (2012) Normal and pathologic concentrations of uremic toxins. J Am Soc Nephrol 23(7):1258\u20131270. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/asn.2011121175","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2291_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10070298","author":"B Meijers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Meijers B, Farre R, Dejongh S, Vicario M, Evenepoel P (2018) Intestinal barrier function in chronic kidney disease. Toxins (Basel). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins10070298","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2291_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2007.10.008","volume":"18","author":"M Mydlik","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mydlik M, Derzsiova K (2008) Oxalic acid as a uremic toxin. J Ren Nutr 18(1):33\u201339. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jrn.2007.10.008","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"2291_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-018-0516-0","author":"C Cosola","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cosola C, Rocchetti MT, Sabatino A, Fiaccadori E, Di Iorio BR, Gesualdo L (2018) Microbiota issue in CKD: how promising are gut-targeted approaches? J Nephrol. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-018-0516-0","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2291_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001852","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.115.001852","volume":"4","author":"H Han","year":"2015","unstructured":"Han H, Zhu J, Zhu Z, Ni J, Du R, Dai Y, Chen Y, Wu Z, Lu L, Zhang R (2015) p-Cresyl sulfate aggravates cardiac dysfunction associated with chronic kidney disease by enhancing apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. J Am Heart Assoc 4(6):e001852. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.115.001852","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"2291_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.445","volume":"81","author":"CY Sun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sun CY, Chang SC, Wu MS (2012) Suppression of Klotho expression by protein-bound uremic toxins is associated with increased DNA methyltransferase expression and DNA hypermethylation. Kidney Int 81(7):640\u2013650. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2011.445","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"2291_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2016.07.005","volume":"26","author":"NA Borges","year":"2016","unstructured":"Borges NA, Barros AF, Nakao LS, Dolenga CJ, Fouque D, Mafra D (2016) Protein-bound uremic toxins from gut microbiota and inflammatory markers in chronic kidney disease. J Ren Nutr 26(6):396\u2013400. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jrn.2016.07.005","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2291_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3057","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03130-z","volume":"7","author":"HY Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim HY, Yoo TH, Hwang Y, Lee GH, Kim B, Jang J, Yu HT, Kim MC, Cho JY, Lee CJ, Kim HC, Park S, Lee WW (2017) Indoxyl sulfate (IS)-mediated immune dysfunction provokes endothelial damage in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Sci Rep 7(1):3057. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-03130-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2291_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020338","author":"T Matsumoto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matsumoto T, Takayanagi K, Kojima M, Taguchi K, Kobayashi T (2019) Acute exposure to indoxyl sulfate impairs endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in rat aorta. Int J Mol Sci. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20020338","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2291_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.05.022","volume":"158","author":"S Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu S, Wang BH, Kompa AR, Lekawanvijit S, Krum H (2012) Antagonists of organic anion transporters 1 and 3 ameliorate adverse cardiac remodelling induced by uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate. Int J Cardiol 158(3):457\u2013458. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.05.022","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2291_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.11.025","volume":"111","author":"B Sato","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sato B, Yoshikawa D, Ishii H, Suzuki S, Inoue Y, Takeshita K, Tanaka M, Kumagai S, Matsumoto M, Okumura S, Hayashi M, Matsubara T, Niwa T, Murohara T (2013) Relation of plasma indoxyl sulfate levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Am J Cardiol 111(5):712\u2013716. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.11.025","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2291_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.6.2284","volume":"96","author":"Y Shiotsu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shiotsu Y, Neckers LM, Wortman I, An WG, Schulte TW, Soga S, Murakata C, Tamaoki T, Akinaga S (2000) Novel oxime derivatives of radicicol induce erythroid differentiation associated with preferential G(1) phase accumulation against chronic myelogenous leukemia cells through destabilization of Bcr-Abl with Hsp90 complex. Blood 96(6):2284\u20132291","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"12","key":"2291_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0143731","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143731","volume":"10","author":"X Hai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hai X, Landeras V, Dobre MA, DeOreo P, Meyer TW, Hostetter TH (2015) Mechanism of prominent trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) accumulation in hemodialysis patients. PLoS One 10(12):e0143731. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0143731","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"2291_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.117.309715","volume":"120","author":"WH Tang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tang WH, Kitai T, Hazen SL (2017) Gut microbiota in cardiovascular health and disease. Circ Res 120(7):1183\u20131196. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circresaha.117.309715","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2291_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.116.305360","volume":"116","author":"WH Tang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tang WH, Wang Z, Kennedy DJ, Wu Y, Buffa JA, Agatisa-Boyle B, Li XS, Levison BS, Hazen SL (2015) Gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) pathway contributes to both development of renal insufficiency and mortality risk in chronic kidney disease. Circ Res 116(3):448\u2013455. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circresaha.116.305360","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2291_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2007.10.003","volume":"18","author":"RJ Glassock","year":"2008","unstructured":"Glassock RJ (2008) Uremic toxins: what are they? An integrated overview of pathobiology and classification. J Ren Nutr 18(1):2\u20136. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jrn.2007.10.003","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"issue":"1 Suppl 1","key":"2291_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A7, e1-420","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2011.11.015","volume":"59","author":"AJ Collins","year":"2012","unstructured":"Collins AJ, Foley RN, Chavers B, Gilbertson D, Herzog C, Johansen K, Kasiske B, Kutner N, Liu J, St Peter W, Guo H, Gustafson S, Heubner B, Lamb K, Li S, Li S, Peng Y, Qiu Y, Roberts T, Skeans M, Snyder J, Solid C, Thompson B, Wang C, Weinhandl E, Zaun D, Arko C, Chen SC, Daniels F, Ebben J, Frazier E, Hanzlik C, Johnson R, Sheets D, Wang X, Forrest B, Constantini E, Everson S, Eggers P, Agodoa L (2012) \u2018United States Renal Data System 2011 Annual Data Report: Atlas of chronic kidney disease & end-stage renal disease in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis 59(1 Suppl 1):A7, e1-420. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2011.11.015","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2291_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1097\/mnh.0000000000000229","volume":"25","author":"T Ermer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ermer T, Eckardt KU, Aronson PS, Knauf F (2016) Oxalate, inflammasome, and progression of kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 25(4):363\u2013371. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mnh.0000000000000229","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"issue":"3","key":"2291_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.01.010","volume":"84","author":"K Turkmen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Turkmen K, Erdur FM (2015) The relationship between colonization of Oxalobacter formigenes serum oxalic acid and endothelial dysfunction in hemodialysis patients: from impaired colon to impaired endothelium. Med Hypotheses 84(3):273\u2013275. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.01.010","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"3","key":"2291_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1159\/000381219","volume":"5","author":"B Gulhan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gulhan B, Turkmen K, Aydin M, Gunay M, Cikman A, Kara M (2015) The relationship between serum oxalic acid, central hemodynamic parameters and colonization by oxalobacter formigenes in hemodialysis patients. Cardiorenal Med 5(3):164\u2013174. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000381219","journal-title":"Cardiorenal Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2291_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F785","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00488.2015","volume":"310","author":"SR Mulay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mulay SR, Eberhard JN, Pfann V, Marschner JA, Darisipudi MN, Daniel C, Romoli S, Desai J, Grigorescu M, Kumar SV, Rathkolb B, Wolf E, Hrabe de Angelis M, Bauerle T, Dietel B, Wagner CA, Amann K, Eckardt KU, Aronson PS, Anders HJ, Knauf F (2016) Oxalate-induced chronic kidney disease with its uremic and cardiovascular complications in C57BL\/6 mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 310(8):F785\u2013F795. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00488.2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2291_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00924.x","volume":"63","author":"R Vanholder","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vanholder R, De Smet R, Glorieux G, Argiles A, Baurmeister U, Brunet P, Clark W, Cohen G, De Deyn PP, Deppisch R, Descamps-Latscha B, Henle T, Jorres A, Lemke HD, Massy ZA, Passlick-Deetjen J, Rodriguez M, Stegmayr B, Stenvinkel P, Tetta C, Wanner C, Zidek W, European Uremic Toxin Work G (2003) Review on uremic toxins: classification, concentration, and interindividual variability. Kidney Int 63(5):1934\u20131943. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00924.x","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"2291_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.345","volume":"83","author":"ND Vaziri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vaziri ND, Wong J, Pahl M, Piceno YM, Yuan J, DeSantis TZ, Ni Z, Nguyen TH, Andersen GL (2013) Chronic kidney disease alters intestinal microbial flora. Kidney Int 83(2):308\u2013315. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2012.345","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"2291_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1159\/000360010","volume":"39","author":"J Wong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wong J, Piceno YM, DeSantis TZ, Pahl M, Andersen GL, Vaziri ND (2014) Expansion of urease- and uricase-containing, indole- and p-cresol-forming and contraction of short-chain fatty acid-producing intestinal microbiota in ESRD. Am J Nephrol 39(3):230\u2013237. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000360010","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2291_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.01.003","volume":"91","author":"R Yacoub","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yacoub R, Wyatt CM (2017) Manipulating the gut microbiome to decrease uremic toxins. Kidney Int 91(3):521\u2013523. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2017.01.003","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2291_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.01.006","volume":"53","author":"YC Yeh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yeh YC, Huang MF, Liang SS, Hwang SJ, Tsai JC, Liu TL, Wu PH, Yang YH, Kuo KC, Kuo MC, Chen CS (2016) Indoxyl sulfate, not p-cresyl sulfate, is associated with cognitive impairment in early-stage chronic kidney disease. Neurotoxicology 53:148\u2013152. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.01.006","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2291_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2014121193","volume":"27","author":"AM Suchy-Dicey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Suchy-Dicey AM, Laha T, Hoofnagle A, Newitt R, Sirich TL, Meyer TW, Thummel KE, Yanez ND, Himmelfarb J, Weiss NS, Kestenbaum BR (2016) Tubular secretion in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 27(7):2148\u20132155. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/asn.2014121193","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2291_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2016.03.012","volume":"457","author":"LF Lu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lu LF, Tang WH, Hsu CC, Tsai IT, Hung WC, Yu TH, Wu CC, Chung FM, Lu YC, Lee YJ, Wang CP (2016) Associations among chronic kidney disease, high total p-cresylsulfate and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Clin Chim Acta 457:63\u201368. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2016.03.012","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"2291_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2870","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02989-2","volume":"7","author":"S Jiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jiang S, Xie S, Lv D, Wang P, He H, Zhang T, Zhou Y, Lin Q, Zhou H, Jiang J, Nie J, Hou F, Chen Y (2017) Alteration of the gut microbiota in Chinese population with chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 7(1):2870. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-02989-2","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2291_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01387-y","volume":"7","author":"KY Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu KY, Xia GH, Lu JQ, Chen MX, Zhen X, Wang S, You C, Nie J, Zhou HW, Yin J (2017) Impaired renal function and dysbiosis of gut microbiota contribute to increased trimethylamine-N-oxide in chronic kidney disease patients. Sci Rep 7(1):1445. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-01387-y","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"2291_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5799","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000005799","volume":"96","author":"T Banerjee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Banerjee T, Meyer TW, Shafi T, Hostetter TH, Melamed M, Zhu Y, Powe NR (2017) Free and total p-cresol sulfate levels and infectious hospitalizations in hemodialysis patients in CHOICE and HEMO. Medicine (Baltimore) 96(6):e5799. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000005799","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2291_CR56","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Informaci\u00f3n general sobre la HIPERTENSI\u00d3N en el mundo","author":"WHO, DCO, WHD, 2013.2","year":"2013","unstructured":"WHO, DCO, WHD, 2013.2 (2013) Informaci\u00f3n general sobre la HIPERTENSI\u00d3N en el mundo. WHO, Geneva, pp 1\u201340"},{"issue":"4","key":"2291_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2010.0462","volume":"25","author":"JP Kelly","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kelly JP, Curhan GC, Cave DR, Anderson TE, Kaufman DW (2011) Factors related to colonization with Oxalobacter formigenes in U.S. adults. J Endourol 25(4):673\u2013679. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/end.2010.0462","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2291_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7010390","volume":"7","author":"SN Chilton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chilton SN, Burton JP, Reid G (2015) Inclusion of fermented foods in food guides around the world. Nutrients 7(1):390\u2013404. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu7010390","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"2291_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.021907","volume":"96","author":"I Sluijs","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sluijs I, Forouhi NG, Beulens JW, van der Schouw YT, Agnoli C, Arriola L, Balkau B, Barricarte A, Boeing H, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Clavel-Chapelon F, Crowe FL, de Lauzon-Guillain B, Drogan D, Franks PW, Gavrila D, Gonzalez C, Halkjaer J, Kaaks R, Moskal A, Nilsson P, Overvad K, Palli D, Panico S, Quiros JR, Ricceri F, Rinaldi S, Rolandsson O, Sacerdote C, Sanchez MJ, Slimani N, Spijkerman AM, Teucher B, Tjonneland A, Tormo MJ, Tumino R, van der A DL, Sharp SJ, Langenberg C, Feskens EJ, Riboli E, Wareham NJ, InterAct C (2012) The amount and type of dairy product intake and incident type 2 diabetes: results from the EPIC-InterAct Study. Am J Clin Nutr 96(2):382\u2013390. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.111.021907","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2291_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071482","author":"E Lau","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lau E, Neves JS, Ferreira-Magalhaes M, Carvalho D, Freitas P (2019) Probiotic ingestion, obesity, and metabolic-related disorders: results from NHANES, 1999-2014. Nutrients. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11071482","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2291_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11030671","author":"E Barengolts","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barengolts E, Smith ED, Reutrakul S, Tonucci L, Anothaisintawee T (2019) The effect of probiotic yogurt on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes or obesity: a meta-analysis of nine randomized controlled trials. Nutrients. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11030671","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2291_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2013.12.012","volume":"37","author":"GR Punaro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Punaro GR, Maciel FR, Rodrigues AM, Rogero MM, Bogsan CS, Oliveira MN, Ihara SS, Araujo SR, Sanches TR, Andrade LC, Higa EM (2014) Kefir administration reduced progression of renal injury in STZ-diabetic rats by lowering oxidative stress. Nitric Oxide 37:53\u201360. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.niox.2013.12.012","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"issue":"4","key":"2291_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3109\/10520295.2013.844274","volume":"89","author":"EK Sari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sari EK, Bakir B, Aydin BD, Sozmen M (2014) The effects of kefir, koumiss, yogurt and commercial probiotic formulations on PPARalpha and PPAR-beta\/delta expressions in mouse kidney. Biotech Histochem 89(4):287\u2013295. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/10520295.2013.844274","journal-title":"Biotech Histochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"2291_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-016-1341-7","volume":"56","author":"AA Dumas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dumas AA, Lapointe A, Dugrenier M, Provencher V, Lamarche B, Desroches S (2017) A systematic review of the effect of yogurt consumption on chronic diseases risk markers in adults. Eur J Nutr 56(4):1375\u20131392. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-016-1341-7","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"2291_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.00490114","volume":"9","author":"TL Sirich","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sirich TL, Plummer NS, Gardner CD, Hostetter TH, Meyer TW (2014) Effect of increasing dietary fiber on plasma levels of colon-derived solutes in hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 9(9):1603\u20131610. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/cjn.00490114","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2291_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e114881","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114881","volume":"9","author":"ND Vaziri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vaziri ND, Liu SM, Lau WL, Khazaeli M, Nazertehrani S, Farzaneh SH, Kieffer DA, Adams SH, Martin RJ (2014) High amylose resistant starch diet ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation, and progression of chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 9(12):e114881. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0114881","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"2291_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F857","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00513.2015","volume":"310","author":"DA Kieffer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kieffer DA, Piccolo BD, Vaziri ND, Liu S, Lau WL, Khazaeli M, Nazertehrani S, Moore ME, Marco ML, Martin RJ, Adams SH (2016) Resistant starch alters gut microbiome and metabolomic profiles concurrent with amelioration of chronic kidney disease in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 310(9):F857\u2013F871. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00513.2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2291_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12753","volume":"23","author":"MR Laffin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Laffin MR, Tayebi Khosroshahi H, Park H, Laffin LJ, Madsen K, Kafil HS, Abedi B, Shiralizadeh S, Vaziri ND (2019) Amylose resistant starch (HAM-RS2) supplementation increases the proportion of Faecalibacterium bacteria in end-stage renal disease patients: microbial analysis from a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Hemodial Int 23(3):343\u2013347. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hdi.12753","journal-title":"Hemodial Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"2291_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-018-1577-z","volume":"22","author":"A Yoshifuji","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yoshifuji A, Wakino S, Irie J, Matsui A, Hasegawa K, Tokuyama H, Hayashi K, Itoh H (2018) Oral adsorbent AST-120 ameliorates gut environment and protects against the progression of renal impairment in CKD rats. Clin Exp Nephrol 22(5):1069\u20131078. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10157-018-1577-z","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2291_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq759","volume":"26","author":"S Yamamoto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yamamoto S, Zuo Y, Ma J, Yancey PG, Hunley TE, Motojima M, Fogo AB, Linton MF, Fazio S, Ichikawa I, Kon V (2011) Oral activated charcoal adsorbent (AST-120) ameliorates extent and instability of atherosclerosis accelerated by kidney disease in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Nephrol Dial Transplant 26(8):2491\u20132497. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfq759","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2291_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10010019","author":"E Sato","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sato E, Saigusa D, Mishima E, Uchida T, Miura D, Morikawa-Ichinose T, Kisu K, Sekimoto A, Saito R, Oe Y, Matsumoto Y, Tomioka Y, Mori T, Takahashi N, Sato H, Abe T, Niwa T, Ito S (2017) Impact of the oral adsorbent AST-120 on organ-specific accumulation of uremic toxins: LC-MS\/MS and MS imaging techniques. Toxins (Basel). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins10010019","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2291_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1159\/000363045","volume":"34","author":"BH Ali","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ali BH, Inuwa I, Al Za\u2019abi M, Al Bahlani S, Al Issaei H, Ramkumar A, Madanagopal T, Nemmar A, Malheiros DM, Zatz R (2014) Renal and myocardial histopathology and morphometry in rats with adenine\u2014induced chronic renal failure: influence of gum acacia. Cell Physiol Biochem 34(3):818\u2013828. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000363045","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"2291_CR73","first-page":"28","volume":"7","author":"M Al Za\u2019abi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al Za\u2019abi M, Al Busaidi M, Yasin J, Schupp N, Nemmar A, Ali BH (2015) Development of a new model for the induction of chronic kidney disease via intraperitoneal adenine administration, and the effect of treatment with gum acacia thereon. Am J Transl Res 7(1):28\u201338","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2291_CR74","first-page":"498","volume":"19","author":"YM Al Suleimani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al Suleimani YM, Al Za\u2019abi M, Ramkumar A, Al Mahruqi AS, Tageldin MH, Nemmar A, Ali BH (2015) Influence of treatment with gum acacia on renal vascular responses in a rat model of chronic kidney disease. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 19(3):498\u2013506","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2291_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1159\/000488176","volume":"45","author":"M Al Za\u2019abi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al Za\u2019abi M, Al Salam S, Al Suleimani Y, Manoj P, Nemmar A, Ali BH (2018) Gum acacia improves renal function and ameliorates systemic inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease. Cell Physiol Biochem 45(6):2293\u20132304. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000488176","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"2291_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03155-9","author":"YL Feng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Feng YL, Cao G, Chen DQ, Vaziri ND, Chen L, Zhang J, Wang M, Guo Y, Zhao YY (2019) Microbiome-metabolomics reveals gut microbiota associated with glycine-conjugated metabolites and polyamine metabolism in chronic kidney disease. Cell Mol Life Sci. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-019-03155-9","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"3\u20136","key":"2291_CR77","first-page":"179","volume":"23","author":"T Niwa","year":"1997","unstructured":"Niwa T, Tsukushi S, Ise M, Miyazaki T, Tsubakihara Y, Owada A, Shiigai T (1997) Indoxyl sulfate and progression of renal failure: effects of a low-protein diet and oral sorbent on indoxyl sulfate production in uremic rats and undialyzed uremic patients. Miner Electrolyte Metab 23(3\u20136):179\u2013184","journal-title":"Miner Electrolyte Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2291_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.08.009","volume":"53","author":"V Menon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Menon V, Kopple JD, Wang X, Beck GJ, Collins AJ, Kusek JW, Greene T, Levey AS, Sarnak MJ (2009) Effect of a very low-protein diet on outcomes: long-term follow-up of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study. Am J Kidney Dis 53(2):208\u2013217. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.08.009","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2291_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9501470","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9501470","volume":"2017","author":"S Elamin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Elamin S, Alkhawaja MJ, Bukhamsin AY, Idris MAS, Abdelrahman MM, Abutaleb NK, Housawi AA (2017) Gum arabic reduces C-reactive protein in chronic kidney disease patients without affecting urea or indoxyl sulfate levels. Int J Nephrol 2017:9501470. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/9501470","journal-title":"Int J Nephrol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2291_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6508","DOI":"10.1039\/c8fo01876f","volume":"9","author":"M Esgalhado","year":"2018","unstructured":"Esgalhado M, Kemp JA, Azevedo R, Paiva BR, Stockler-Pinto MB, Dolenga CJ, Borges NA, Nakao LS, Mafra D (2018) Could resistant starch supplementation improve inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and uremic toxins levels in hemodialysis patients? A pilot randomized controlled trial. Food Funct 9(12):6508\u20136516. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c8fo01876f","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"2","key":"2291_CR81","first-page":"222","volume":"68","author":"M Pavan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pavan M (2016) Influence of prebiotic and probiotic supplementation on the progression of chronic kidney disease. Minerva Urol Nefrol 68(2):222\u2013226","journal-title":"Minerva Urol Nefrol"},{"key":"2291_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-15-106","volume":"15","author":"M Rossi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rossi M, Johnson DW, Morrison M, Pascoe E, Coombes JS, Forbes JM, McWhinney BC, Ungerer JPJ, Dimeski G, Campbell KL (2014) SYNbiotics Easing Renal failure by improving Gut microbiologY (SYNERGY): a protocol of placebo-controlled randomised cross-over trial. BMC Nephrol 15:106","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"2291_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-018-1785-z","author":"M Simeoni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Simeoni M, Citraro ML, Deodato F, Provenzano M, Capria M, Comi A, Libri E, Andreucci M, Puja A, Abenavoli L, Cocchi M, Fuiano G (2018) An open-label, randomized, placebo-controlled study on the effectiveness of a novel probiotics administration protocol (ProbiotiCKD) in patients with mild renal insufficiency (stage 3a of CKD). Eur J Nutr. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-018-1785-z","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2291_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.15171\/jnp.2018.25","volume":"7","author":"C Thongprayoon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thongprayoon C, Hatch ST, Kaewput W, Sharma K, Ungprasert P, Wijarnpreecha K, D\u2019Costa M, Mao MA, Cheungpasitporn W (2018) The effects of probiotics on renal function and uremic toxins in patients with chronic kidney disease; a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Nephropathol 7(3):106\u2013114. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.15171\/jnp.2018.25","journal-title":"J Nephropathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2291_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-018-5243-9","volume":"64","author":"C Thongprayoon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thongprayoon C, Kaewput W, Hatch ST, Bathini T, Sharma K, Wijarnpreecha K, Ungprasert P, D\u2019Costa M, Mao MA, Cheungpasitporn W (2019) Effects of probiotics on inflammation and uremic toxins among patients on dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci 64(2):469\u2013479. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-018-5243-9","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2291_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1159\/000494677","volume":"43","author":"L Jia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jia L, Jia Q, Yang J, Jia R, Zhang H (2018) Efficacy of probiotics supplementation on chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Kidney Blood Press Res 43(5):1623\u20131635. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000494677","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"key":"2291_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.13549","author":"S Tao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tao S, Tao S, Cheng Y, Liu J, Ma L, Fu P (2018) Effects of probiotic supplements on the progression of chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis. Nephrology (Carlton). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nep.13549","journal-title":"Nephrology (Carlton)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2291_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2017.06.010","volume":"28","author":"NA Borges","year":"2018","unstructured":"Borges NA, Carmo FL, Stockler-Pinto MB, de Brito JS, Dolenga CJ, Ferreira DC, Nakao LS, Rosado A, Fouque D, Mafra D (2018) Probiotic supplementation in chronic kidney disease: a double-blind, randomized. Placebo-controlled Trial. J Ren Nutr 28(1):28\u201336. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jrn.2017.06.010","journal-title":"Placebo-controlled Trial. J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"2291_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.05.018","volume":"46","author":"Barros A de Faria","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Faria Barros A, Borges NA, Nakao LS, Dolenga CJ, do Carmo FL, de Carvalho Ferreira D, Stenvinkel P, Bergman P, Lindholm B, Mafra D (2018) Effects of probiotic supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers and uremic toxins in non-dialysis chronic kidney patients: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Funct Foods 46:378\u2013383. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2018.05.018","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"issue":"10","key":"2291_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3933","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7103933","volume":"7","author":"O Deltombe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Deltombe O, Van Biesen W, Glorieux G, Massy Z, Dhondt A, Eloot S (2015) Exploring protein binding of uremic toxins in patients with different stages of chronic kidney disease and during hemodialysis. Toxins (Basel) 7(10):3933\u20133946. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins7103933","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2291_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71199","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071199","volume":"8","author":"HA Mutsaers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mutsaers HA, Engelke UF, Wilmer MJ, Wetzels JF, Wevers RA, van den Heuvel LP, Hoenderop JG, Masereeuw R (2013) Optimized metabolomic approach to identify uremic solutes in plasma of stage 3-4 chronic kidney disease patients. PLoS One 8(8):e71199. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0071199","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"2291_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00906.x","volume":"63","author":"M Motojima","year":"2003","unstructured":"Motojima M, Hosokawa A, Yamato H, Muraki T, Yoshioka T (2003) Uremic toxins of organic anions up-regulate PAI-1 expression by induction of NF-kappaB and free radical in proximal tubular cells. Kidney Int 63(5):1671\u20131680. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00906.x","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"2291_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-016-0463-x","volume":"10","author":"H Han","year":"2016","unstructured":"Han H, Chen Y, Zhu Z, Su X, Ni J, Du R, Zhang R, Jin W (2016) p-Cresyl sulfate promotes the formation of atherosclerotic lesions and induces plaque instability by targeting vascular smooth muscle cells. Front Med 10(3):320\u2013329. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11684-016-0463-x","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2291_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2011.194","volume":"92","author":"SH Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim SH, Yu MA, Ryu ES, Jang YH, Kang DH (2012) Indoxyl sulfate-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis of renal tubular cells as novel mechanisms of progression of renal disease. Lab Invest 92(4):488\u2013498. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/labinvest.2011.194","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"2291_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e111","DOI":"10.1159\/000074327","volume":"95","author":"M Satoh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Satoh M, Hayashi H, Watanabe M, Ueda K, Yamato H, Yoshioka T, Motojima M (2003) Uremic toxins overload accelerates renal damage in a rat model of chronic renal failure. Nephron Exp Nephrol 95(3):e111\u2013e118. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000074327","journal-title":"Nephron Exp Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2291_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6667","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27408","volume":"234","author":"K Nishiyama","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nishiyama K, Aono K, Fujimoto Y, Kuwamura M, Okada T, Tokumoto H, Izawa T, Okano R, Nakajima H, Takeuchi T, Azuma YT (2019) Chronic kidney disease after 5\/6 nephrectomy disturbs the intestinal microbiota and alters intestinal motility. J Cell Physiol 234(5):6667\u20136678. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.27408","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2291_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.3305\/nh.2014.29.3.7179","volume":"29","author":"PV Miranda Alatriste","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miranda Alatriste PV, Urbina Arronte R, Gomez Espinosa CO, Espinosa Cuevas Mde L (2014) Effect of probiotics on human blood urea levels in patients with chronic renal failure. Nutr Hosp 29(3):582\u2013590. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3305\/nh.2014.29.3.7179","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"issue":"2","key":"2291_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.09.040","volume":"91","author":"A Soleimani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Soleimani A, Zarrati Mojarrad M, Bahmani F, Taghizadeh M, Ramezani M, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, Jafari P, Esmaillzadeh A, Asemi Z (2017) Probiotic supplementation in diabetic hemodialysis patients has beneficial metabolic effects. Kidney Int 91(2):435\u2013442. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2016.09.040","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2291_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy171","author":"CI Ramos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ramos CI, Armani RG, Canziani MEF, Dalboni MA, Dolenga CJR, Nakao LS, Campbell KL, Cuppari L (2018) Effect of prebiotic (fructooligosaccharide) on uremic toxins of chronic kidney disease patients: a randomized controlled trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfy171","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2291_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-018-9477-9","author":"N Haghighat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haghighat N, Mohammadshahi M, Shayanpour S, Haghighizadeh MH (2018) Effect of synbiotic and probiotic supplementation on serum levels of endothelial cell adhesion molecules in hemodialysis patients: a randomized control study. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-018-9477-9","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"issue":"5","key":"2291_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2014.05.006","volume":"24","author":"J Cruz-Mora","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cruz-Mora J, Martinez-Hernandez NE, Martin del Campo-Lopez F, Viramontes-Horner D, Vizmanos-Lamotte B, Munoz-Valle JF, Garcia-Garcia G, Parra-Rojas I, Castro-Alarcon N (2014) Effects of a symbiotic on gut microbiota in Mexican patients with end-stage renal disease. J Ren Nutr 24(5):330\u2013335. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jrn.2014.05.006","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2291_CR102","first-page":"1363","volume":"8","author":"LM Xie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xie LM, Ge YY, Huang X, Zhang YQ, Li JX (2015) Effects of fermentable dietary fiber supplementation on oxidative and inflammatory status in hemodialysis patients. Int J Clin Exp Med 8(1):1363\u20131369","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2291_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-010-0059-9","volume":"27","author":"N Ranganathan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ranganathan N, Ranganathan P, Friedman EA, Joseph A, Delano B, Goldfarb DS, Tam P, Rao AV, Anteyi E, Musso CG (2010) Pilot study of probiotic dietary supplementation for promoting healthy kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Adv Ther 27(9):634\u2013647. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12325-010-0059-9","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"2291_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2018.08.010","volume":"28","author":"F Eidi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eidi F, Poor-Reza Gholi F, Ostadrahimi A, Dalili N, Samadian F, Barzegari A (2018) Effect of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus on serum uremic toxins (phenol and P-Cresol) in hemodialysis patients: a double blind randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 28:158\u2013164. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2018.08.010","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"key":"2291_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568571","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/568571","volume":"2014","author":"R Natarajan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Natarajan R, Pechenyak B, Vyas U, Ranganathan P, Weinberg A, Liang P, Mallappallil MC, Norin AJ, Friedman EA, Saggi SJ (2014) Randomized controlled trial of strain-specific probiotic formulation (Renadyl) in dialysis patients. Biomed Res Int 2014:568571. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/568571","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2291_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.08.024","volume":"116","author":"R Lopes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lopes R, Theodoro JMV, da Silva BP, Queiroz VAV, de Castro Moreira ME, Mantovani HC, Hermsdorff HH, Martino HSD (2019) Synbiotic meal decreases uremic toxins in hemodialysis individuals: a placebo-controlled trial. Food Res Int 116:241\u2013248. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.08.024","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"2291_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.jrms_614_16","volume":"22","author":"Z Shariaty","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shariaty Z, Mahmoodi Shan GR, Farajollahi M, Amerian M, Behnam Pour N (2017) The effects of probiotic supplement on hemoglobin in chronic renal failure patients under hemodialysis: a randomized clinical trial. J Res Med Sci 22:74. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jrms.jrms_614_16","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"2291_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-019-0343-x","volume":"16","author":"HT Khosroshahi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khosroshahi HT, Abedi B, Ghojazadeh M, Samadi A, Jouyban A (2019) Effects of fermentable high fiber diet supplementation on gut derived and conventional nitrogenous product in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 16:18. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12986-019-0343-x","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)"},{"key":"2291_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy172","author":"J Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang J, Lim SY, Ko YS, Lee HY, Oh SW, Kim MG, Cho WY, Jo SK (2018) Intestinal barrier disruption and dysregulated mucosal immunity contribute to kidney fibrosis in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfy172","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"2291_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1159\/000488947","volume":"47","author":"Y Iwashita","year":"2018","unstructured":"Iwashita Y, Ohya M, Yashiro M, Sonou T, Kawakami K, Nakashima Y, Yano T, Iwashita Y, Mima T, Negi S, Kubo K, Tomoda K, Odamaki T, Shigematsu T (2018) Dietary changes involving bifidobacterium longum and other nutrients delays chronic kidney disease progression. Am J Nephrol 47(5):325\u2013332. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000488947","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"2291_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfz126","author":"F Nanto-Hara","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nanto-Hara F, Kanemitsu Y, Fukuda S, Kikuchi K, Asaji K, Saigusa D, Iwasaki T, Ho HJ, Mishima E, Suzuki T, Suzuki C, Tsukimi T, Matsuhashi T, Oikawa Y, Akiyama Y, Kure S, Owada Y, Tomioka Y, Soga T, Ito S, Abe T (2019) The guanylate cyclase C agonist linaclotide ameliorates the gut-cardio-renal axis in an adenine-induced mouse model of chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfz126","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"}],"container-title":["International Urology and Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11255-019-02291-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11255-019-02291-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11255-019-02291-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T23:24:32Z","timestamp":1601421872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11255-019-02291-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11255-019-02291-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-1623","1573-2584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-1623","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 April 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}