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In this prospective randomized study, we aimed to compare the safety, efficacy, and perioperative complications of single step versus serial tract dilatation using Alken metal telescopic dilators during pediatric PCNL.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients undergoing PCNL were randomized into two groups according to the dilatation technique used. In group A, Alken telescopic serial metal dilatation was utilized, and in group B, single step dilatation was performed. Inclusion criteria included children\u2009&lt;\u200918\u00a0years with stone burden from 2 to 4\u00a0cm, located in the renal pelvis\u2009\u00b1\u2009one calyx, who were candidates for PCNL.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>The primary outcomes were access time and complications\u2019 rate. The secondary outcomes were dilatation fluoroscopy time, operative duration, stone free rate, postoperative hospital stay, hemoglobin deficit, and need for blood transfusion. Both outcomes were evaluated and compared between both treatment groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 70 patients were randomized into group A (35 patients) and group B (35 patients). Access was successfully obtained in all procedures. All the procedures were performed through a single tract.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Access time and dilatation fluoroscopy time were shorter in group B (statistically significant). Patients in group A had higher rate of complications (statistically significant). Intraoperative bleeding requiring blood transfusion was less in single track dilatation than serial metal track dilatation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Compared to serial metal track dilatation, single step dilatation showed comparable operative time and stone free rate, with significantly reduced access time and dilatation fluoroscopy time.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-022-03314-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T18:02:43Z","timestamp":1659981763000},"page":"2789-2795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Single step track dilatation for percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Fahmy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wally","family":"Mahfouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9530-547X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Elbadry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Moussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3314_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2009.08.087","volume":"76","author":"A Unsal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Unsal A, Resorlu B, Kara C, Bozkurt OF, Ozyuvali E (2010) Safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in infants, preschool age, and older children with different sizes of instruments. 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