{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T15:31:45Z","timestamp":1778859105168,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001801","name":"University of Western Australia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urol Nephrol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To assess the impact of zonal origin on positive bladder neck (BN) margins and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure or early adjuvant therapy in the patients with complete long-term follow-up after radical prostatectomy (RP).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A set of 4512 men were identified who underwent RP in Western Australia (WA) from March 2000 to December 2016 and had complete long-term follow-up. The <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-test, Pearson chi-square test and Kaplan\u2013Meier method with the log-rank test were used to evaluate differences between the transition zone (TZ) and peripheral\/central zone (PZ\/CZ) cancer. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to assess parameters on PSA failure and early treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The positive BN margin rate for TZ cancer fell significantly over the study period. However, BN margin rates increased for PZ\/CZ cancer over the time. Data of 4512 patients with median follow-up of 9.1\u00a0years confirmed that the high-risk TZ tumours with negative margins had a significant lower rate of PSA failure or early treatment compared to those high-risk PZ\/CZ tumours with negative margins.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Prostate cancer zonal origin significantly impacts long-term biochemical outcomes in high-risk and margin-negative patients. BN invasion with margin involvement is more frequent in the TZ cancer and can be reduced by pre-operative identification of cancer zonal origin and adjustment of surgical procedures.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-023-03637-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T04:24:50Z","timestamp":1685507090000},"page":"1951-1956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Zonal origin of prostate cancer: comparison of long-term outcomes after radical prostatectomy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Luttrell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5280-3599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald J.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"3637_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198812000-00001","volume":"12","author":"JE McNeal","year":"1988","unstructured":"McNeal JE, Redwine EA, Freiha FS, Stamey TA (1988) Zonal distribution of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Correlation with histologic pattern and direction of spread. Am J Surg Pathol 12:897\u2013906","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"3637_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)63229-4","volume":"159","author":"TA Stamey","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stamey TA, S\u00f6zen TS, Yemoto CM, McNeal JE (1998) Classification of localized untreated prostate cancer based on 791 men treated only with radical prostatectomy: common ground for therapeutic trials and TNM subgroups. J Urol 159:2009\u20132012","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"3637_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2012.08.012","volume":"80","author":"V Iremashvili","year":"2012","unstructured":"Iremashvili V, Pelaez L, Jord\u00e1 M, Manoharan M, Rosenberg DL, Soloway MS (2012) Prostate cancers of different zonal origin: clinicopathological characteristics and biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy. Urology 80:1063\u20131069","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"3637_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2008.05.009","volume":"27","author":"CR King","year":"2009","unstructured":"King CR, Ferrari M, Brooks JD (2009) Prognostic significance of prostate cancer originating from the transition zone. Urol Oncol 27:592\u2013597","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"key":"3637_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.05.075","volume":"198","author":"PE Teloken","year":"2017","unstructured":"Teloken PE, Li J, Woods CG, Cohen RJ (2017) The impact of prostate cancer zonal origin on pathological parameters at radical prostatectomy and subsequent biochemical failure. J Urol 198:1316\u20131323","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"3637_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.01.017","volume":"179","author":"RJ Cohen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cohen RJ, Shannon BA, Phillips M, Moorin RE, Wheeler TM, Garrett KL (2008) Central zone carcinoma of the prostate gland: a distinct tumor type with poor prognostic features. J Urol 179:1762\u20131767","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"3637_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(98)90020-X","volume":"29","author":"RJ Cohen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cohen RJ, McNeal JE, Edgar SG, Robertson T, Dawkins HJS (1998) Characterization of cytoplasmic secretory granules (PSG), in prostatic epithelium and their transformation-induced loss in dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol 29:1488\u20131494","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"3637_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(00)80204-X","volume":"31","author":"RJ Cohen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cohen RJ, McNeal JE, Redmond SL et al (2000) Luminal contents of benign and malignant prostatic glands: correspondence to altered secretory mechanism. Hum Pathol 31:94\u2013100","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"3637_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1053\/hupa.2000.20885","volume":"31","author":"RJ Cohen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cohen RJ, Beales M, McNeal JE (2000) Prostate secretory granules in normal and neoplastic prostate glands: a diagnostic aid to needle biopsy. Hum Pathol 31:1515\u20131519","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"3637_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2013.05.015","volume":"44","author":"S Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee S, Walsh S, Woods CG, Bonkhoff H, Cohen RJ (2013) Reliable identification of transition zone prostatic adenocarcinoma in preoperative needle core biopsy. Hum Pathol 44:2331\u20132337","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"3637_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2016.07.009","volume":"57","author":"RJ Cohen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cohen RJ, Li J, Shannon T (2016) Prediction of bladder neck invasion and tumor extension to bladder neck margin by prostatic adenocarcinoma: a nomogram using biopsy data including transition zone tumor morphology. Hum Pathol 57:85\u201390","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"3637_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13173","volume":"116","author":"LM O\u2019Neil","year":"2015","unstructured":"O\u2019Neil LM, Walsh S, Cohen RJ, Lee S (2015) Prostate carcinoma with positive margins at radical prostatectomy: role of tumour zonal origin in biochemical recurrence. BJU Int 116:42\u201348","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"3637_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.22903","volume":"75","author":"JJ Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee JJ, Thomas I, Nolley R, Ferrari M, Brooks JD, Leppert JT (2015) Biologic differences between peripheral and transitional zone prostate cancer. Prostate 75:183\u2013190","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"3637_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.07.008","volume":"51","author":"FK Chun","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chun FK, Briganti A, Jeldres C et al (2007) Zonal origin of localized prostate cancer does not affect the rate of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 51:949\u2013955","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"3637_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575.e19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.03.012","volume":"37","author":"K Takamatsu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Takamatsu K, Matsumoto K, Shojo K et al (2019) The prognostic value of zonal origin and extraprostatic extension of prostate cancer for biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Urol Oncol 37:575.e19\u201325","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"key":"3637_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/bco2.47","volume":"2","author":"S Sato","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sato S, Kimura T, Onuma H, Egawa S, Takahashi H (2021) Transition zone prostate cancer is associated with better clinical outcomes than peripheral zone cancer. BJUI Compass 2:169\u2013177","journal-title":"BJUI Compass"},{"key":"3637_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(03)00248-6","volume":"62","author":"H Augustin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Augustin H, Hammerer PG, Blonski J et al (2003) Zonal location of prostate cancer: significance for disease-free survival after radical prostatectomy? Urology 62:79\u201385","journal-title":"Urology"}],"container-title":["International Urology and Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11255-023-03637-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11255-023-03637-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11255-023-03637-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,8]],"date-time":"2023-07-08T16:07:19Z","timestamp":1688832439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11255-023-03637-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["3637"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11255-023-03637-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 February 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 May 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethics approval of the research protocol by Ramsay Health Care WA|SA HREC (HPH 128\/132).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}