{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T14:46:02Z","timestamp":1764859562898,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007329","name":"University of the Valley","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urol Nephrol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Some authors have estimated that the incidence of testicular germ cell tumors in individuals with trisomy 21 is more than fivefold higher than that in the general population. \n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This systematic review aimed to estimate the incidence of urological tumors in patients with Down\u2019s syndrome.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We conducted a search strategy in MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, LILACS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception to nowadays. We assessed the risk of bias and performed a meta-analysis. Also, the heterogeneity between trials was evaluated by the <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test. We completed the subgroup analysis based on the type of urological tumor (testis, bladder, kidney, upper urological tract, penile, retroperitoneum).\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We found 350 studies by the search strategy. After carefully reviewing, full-text studies were included. 16,248 individuals with Down\u2019s syndrome were included, and 42 patients presented with urological tumors. There was a total incidence of 0.1%, 95%CI (0.06\u20130.19), <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> 61%. The most common urological tumor reported was testicular. We found six studies describing 31 events and an overall incidence of 0.19%, 95%CI (0.11\u20130.33), <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>: 51%. Other studies reported kidney, penile, upper urinary tract, bladder, and retroperitoneum tumors with a very low incidence, 0.02%, 0.06%, 0.03%, 0.11%and 0.07%, respectively.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Regarding non-testicular urological tumors, we found incidences as low as 0.02% in kidney cancer or 0.03% in the upper-urothelial tract tumors. It is also lower than the general population. Compared to the age of onset of patients, it is also lower than the general population, perhaps related to a shorter life expectancy. As a limitation, we found a high heterogeneity and a lack of information regarding non-testicular tumors.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There was a very low incidence of urological tumors in people with Down\u2019s syndrome. Testis tumor was the most frequently described in all cohorts and within a normal distribution range.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-023-03656-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T15:07:15Z","timestamp":1687878435000},"page":"2381-2387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Incidence of urological tumors in Down\u2019s syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Fernando","family":"Korkes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Paula","family":"Gomez-Bueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6945-8261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herney Andr\u00e9s","family":"Garc\u00eda-Perdomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3656_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-017-0514-0","volume":"38","author":"PN Alexandrov","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alexandrov PN, Percy ME, Lukiw WJ (2018) Chromosome 21-encoded microRNAs (mRNAs): impact on Down\u2019s syndrome and trisomy-21 linked disease. 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