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IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration can occasionally be found in TIN unrelated to IgG4-RD. Therefore, there may be problems with usage of IgG4 immunostaining to differentiate between TIN with and TIN without IgG4-RD. This study aimed to compare the proportion of plasma cells that are positive for each IgG subclass and to clarify the predominant IgG subclass trends and clinical characteristics associated with IgG4-RD and non-IgG4-related interstitial nephritis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study enrolled 44 cases of TIN: 6 of IgG4-RD, 8 of autoimmune disease, 9 of AAV, and 21 of unknown disease group. In addition to clinical characteristics, IgG subclass composition of interstitial plasma cells was evaluated among 4 groups by immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>IgG1 was the predominant IgG subclass in TIN unrelated to IgG4-RD. In the IgG4-RD group, the IgG subclass rate was high in both IgG1 and IgG4. The rate of average IgG4-positive cells was significantly lower in the autoimmune disease group and unknown disease group compared with the IgG4-RD group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The present study revealed IgG1-dominant immune profiles of TIN unrelated to IgG4-RD. Further investigation is required to elucidate the clinicopathological differences between IgG1-dominant and IgG4-dominant groups in IgG4-RD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-024-03966-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T11:02:26Z","timestamp":1708513346000},"page":"2363-2369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Immunohistological analysis reveals IgG1-dominant immunophenotype of tubulointerstitial nephritis unassociated with IgG4-related diseases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5789-3394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshiki","family":"Hyodo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeo","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Nishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Horinouchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kandai","family":"Nozu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norishige","family":"Yoshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Yoshimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoo","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"3966_CR1","first-page":"1111","volume-title":"Heptinstall\u2019s pathology of the kidney","author":"JC Jennette","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jennette JC, D\u2019Agati VD, Olson JL, Silva FG (2014) Acute and chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis. 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