{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T21:08:22Z","timestamp":1771967302631,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024743","name":"Suez Canal University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024743","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urol Nephrol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Overactive bladder (OAB) is the most prevalent lower urinary tract dysfunction among children. Refractory OAB lacks response to the first line treatments, including anticholinergic, and it is a major clinical challenge. This study aims to compare the efficacy of para-sacral transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (PS-TENS) in the treatment of primary and refractory OAB among children.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A prospective, randomized clinical study included 64 children aged 5\u201312 years with OAB divided equally into two groups: group (1) included 32 children with treatment-naive OAB, while group (2) included 32 children with refractory OAB who failed complete course of anticholinergics. Both groups received PS-TENS three times weekly for 12\u00a0weeks. Detailed medical history, voiding diary, ultrasound, and uroflowmetry with EMG were performed at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. Filling cystometry was performed for children with refractory OAB before and after PS-TENS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>After the end of treatment the number of children with urge incontinence decreased significantly among the two groups: from 25 to 13 and 27 to 15 for the primary and refractory groups, respectively. Micturition frequency per 24\u00a0h decreased significantly among children with primary OAB. Bladder capacity increased significantly and the resting detrusor pressure decreased significantly among children with refractory OAB.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>PS-TENS is an effective and safe treatment option for children with OAB. The magnitude of improvement is higher among children with primary as compared to refractory OAB.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-024-04006-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T07:02:21Z","timestamp":1715583741000},"page":"2475-2482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Outcomes of para-sacral transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in treatment of primary and refractory overactive bladder among children"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4808-8326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moetaz Dahshan","family":"Gomaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hany Aref","family":"AbdAllah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iman Yehia","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaac Samir","family":"Wasfy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud Hegazy","family":"Sherief","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4006_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.05.014","volume":"178","author":"I Franco","year":"2007","unstructured":"Franco I (2007) Overactive bladder in children. 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