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In cancer, PLAP expression is a hallmark of germ cell neoplasms, but it can also occur in urothelial carcinoma. To evaluate the potential clinical significance of PLAP expression in bladder cancer,<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>PLAP protein was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in more than 2500 urothelial bladder carcinomas in a tissue microarray format.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>PLAP staining was absent in normal urothelial cells but was observed in 15.9% of urothelial carcinomas, including 282 (11.5%) with weak, 57 (2.3%) with moderate, and 51 (2.1%) with strong staining. PLAP positivity occurred in 4.1% of 413 pTa G2 low-grade, 10.2% of 176 pTa G2 high-grade, and 7.2% of 97 pTa G3 tumors (p\u2009=\u20090.0636). As compared to pTa tumors, the PLAP positivity rate was markedly higher in 1341 pT2-4 carcinomas (19.8%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Within pT2-4 carcinomas, PLAP staining was unrelated to pT, pN, grade, L-status, V-status, overall survival, recurrence-free survival, and cancer-specific survival (p\u2009&gt;\u20090.25). However, PLAP positivity was linked to p16 positivity (p\u2009=\u20090.0185), GATA3 positivity (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), and p63 expression loss (p\u2009=\u20090.0456).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In summary, these data show that PLAP is expressed in a significant fraction of pT2-4 urothelial carcinomas, unrelated to cancer aggressiveness but associated with specific molecular features. Once anti-PLAP cancer drugs become effective, urothelial carcinoma is a candidate tumor entity for clinical evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-024-04319-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T11:14:12Z","timestamp":1734347652000},"page":"1381-1388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["PLAP expression is linked to invasive tumor growth in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7680-1870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henning","family":"Plage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kira","family":"Furlano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Hofbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Ro\u00dfner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Schallenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sefer","family":"Elezkurtaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Lennartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Samtleben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margit","family":"Fisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Rink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Slojewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krystian","family":"Kaczmarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Ecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Klatte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Adamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Minner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Sauter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Weischenfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Schlomm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Horst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Zecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Kluth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Weinberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"4319_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04109","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.13.04109","volume":"13","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y et al (2023) The global landscape of bladder cancer incidence and mortality in 2020 and projections to 2040. 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