{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:52:03Z","timestamp":1791863523883,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]],"date-time":"2025-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749254400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]],"date-time":"2025-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Bern"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urol Nephrol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-related multisystem syndrome, characterized by the sudden onset of hypertension after 20\u00a0weeks\u2019 gestation. Although previous studies and meta-analyses found an association between pre-eclampsia and chronic kidney disease or end-stage kidney disease later in life, it remains unclear whether this relationship is causal. Furthermore, research conducted to date has not consistently excluded women with chronic hypertension and\/or kidney disease prior to pregnancy, indicating a possible selection bias. Therefore, we undertook a systematic review of the updated literature on renal outcomes in women who were healthy prior to pregnancy and experienced pre-eclampsia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed-MEDLINE and Embase for eligible studies. We included retrospective and prospective studies involving healthy women with pre-eclampsia and reporting kidney outcomes. Of the 2,796 titles originally screened, 9 studies met our inclusion criteria. A random effects meta-analytic model was used for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A statistically significant increase in the risk of developing chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease later in life following pre-eclampsia was found (meta-analytic risk ratios [95% confidence interval]: 1.83 [1.16\u20132.89] and 8.96 [4.94\u201316.23], respectively), with high statistical heterogeneity. However, the only prospective study did not find a significant association between pre-eclampsia and chronic kidney disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although a significant association was identified, its clinical relevance and causality remain unclear. Postpartum medical investigation in women affected by pre-eclampsia is essential, but long-term follow-up may not be indicated in the absence of underlying conditions. Only prospective studies could clarify the relationship between pre-eclampsia and kidney disease in women who were healthy before pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-025-04591-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]],"date-time":"2025-06-07T14:51:51Z","timestamp":1749307911000},"page":"4131-4140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The dilemma of chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease following pre-eclampsia: a literature review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Gaia","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Vogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Bargagli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Ferrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"4591_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.03.033","volume":"96","author":"B Covella","year":"2019","unstructured":"Covella B, Vinturache AE, Cabiddu G, Attini R, Gesualdo L, Versino E, Piccoli GB (2019) A systematic review and meta-analysis indicates long-term risk of chronic and end-stage kidney disease after preeclampsia. 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