{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T18:32:00Z","timestamp":1767897120611,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751155200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urol Nephrol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-025-04623-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T11:47:31Z","timestamp":1751197651000},"page":"4271-4278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy and safety of calcitriol therapy for reduction of proteinuria in children with chronic kidney disease: an open-label randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Jitendra","family":"Meena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ranjeet W.","family":"Thergaonkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Lakshmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Bagga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Hari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"4623_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-006-0410-1","volume":"22","author":"BA Warady","year":"2007","unstructured":"Warady BA, Chadha V (2007) Chronic kidney disease in children: the global perspective. Pediatr Nephrol 22:1999\u20132009","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"4623_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07851109","volume":"5","author":"AO Staples","year":"2010","unstructured":"Staples AO, Greenbaum LA, Smith JM, Gipson DS, Filler G, Warady BA et al (2010) Association between clinical risk factors and progression of chronic kidney disease in children. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5:2172\u20132179","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"4623_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2021.09.002","volume":"41","author":"DK Ng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ng DK, Pierce CB (2021) Kidney disease progression in children and young adults with pediatric CKD: epidemiologic perspectives and clinical applications. Semin Nephrol 41:405\u2013415","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"4623_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.14153","volume":"28","author":"G van Biljon","year":"2023","unstructured":"van Biljon G, Meintjes CJ, Becker PJ, Karusseit VOL (2023) Risk factors for progression of chronic kidney disease: an investigation in prepubertal children. Nephrology 28:276\u2013282","journal-title":"Nephrology"},{"key":"4623_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ESCAPE Trial Group, W\u00fchl E, Trivelli A, Picca S, Litwin M, Peco-Antic A, et al. Strict blood-pressure control and progression of renal failure in children. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1639\u201350.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0902066"},{"key":"4623_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00033.x","volume":"63","author":"P Ruggenenti","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ruggenenti P, Perna A, Remuzzi G (2003) Retarding progression of chronic renal disease: the neglected issue of residual proteinuria. Kidney Int 63:2254\u20132261","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"4623_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006050445","volume":"18","author":"WBA Eijkelkamp","year":"2007","unstructured":"Eijkelkamp WBA, Zhang Z, Remuzzi G, Parving H-H, Cooper ME, Keane WF et al (2007) Albuminuria is a target for renoprotective therapy independent from blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: post hoc analysis from the Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) trial. J Am Soc Nephrol 18:1540\u20131546","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"4623_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1159\/000355747","volume":"37","author":"S Lucisano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lucisano S, Buemi M, Passantino A, Aloisi C, Cernaro V, Santoro D (2013) New insights on the role of vitamin D in the progression of renal damage. Kidney Blood Press Res 37:667\u2013678","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"key":"4623_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.11.029","volume":"453","author":"W-C Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu W-C, Wu C-C, Hung Y-M, Liao M-T, Shyu J-F, Lin Y-F et al (2016) Pleiotropic effects of vitamin D in chronic kidney disease. Clin Chim Acta 453:1\u201312","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"4623_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.11.015","volume":"186","author":"R Sonneveld","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sonneveld R, Hoenderop JGJ, Stavenuiter AWD, Ferrantelli E, Baltissen MPA, Dijkman HB et al (2016) 1,25-vitamin D3 deficiency induces albuminuria. Am J Pathol 186:794\u2013804","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"4623_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfu404","volume":"30","author":"JK Humalda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Humalda JK, Goldsmith DJA, Thadhani R, de Borst MH (2015) Vitamin D analogues to target residual proteinuria: potential impact on cardiorenal outcomes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 30:1988\u20131994","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"4623_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.113159","volume":"52","author":"P Alborzi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alborzi P, Patel NA, Peterson C, Bills JE, Bekele DM, Bunaye Z et al (2008) Paricalcitol reduces albuminuria and inflammation in chronic kidney disease: a randomized double-blind pilot trial. Hypertension 52:249\u2013255","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"4623_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-14-163","volume":"14","author":"T Larsen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Larsen T, Mose FH, Bech JN, Pedersen EB (2013) Effect of paricalcitol on renin and albuminuria in non-diabetic stage III-IV chronic kidney disease: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. BMC Nephrol 14:163","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"4623_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013030203","volume":"24","author":"MH de Borst","year":"2013","unstructured":"de Borst MH, Hajhosseiny R, Tamez H, Wenger J, Thadhani R, Goldsmith DJA (2013) Active vitamin D treatment for reduction of residual proteinuria: a systematic review. J Am Soc Nephrol 24:1863\u20131871","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"4623_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c869","volume":"340","author":"D Moher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moher D, Hopewell S, Schulz KF, Montori V, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Devereaux PJ et al (2010) CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ 340:c869","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4623_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chapter 2: Definition, identification, and prediction of CKD progression. Kidney International Supplements. 2013;3:63\u201372.","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2012.65"},{"key":"4623_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01036-5","volume":"7","author":"Q Yuan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yuan Q, Tang B, Zhang C (2022) Signaling pathways of chronic kidney diseases, implications for therapeutics. Sig Transduct Target Ther 7:1\u201327","journal-title":"Sig Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"4623_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfad097","volume":"16","author":"L Cirillo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cirillo L, De Chiara L, Innocenti S, Errichiello C, Romagnani P, Becherucci F (2023) Chronic kidney disease in children: an update. Clin Kidney J 16:1600\u20131611","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"4623_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2004.03.004","volume":"89\u201390","author":"YC Li","year":"2004","unstructured":"Li YC, Qiao G, Uskokovic M, Xiang W, Zheng W, Kong J (2004) Vitamin D: a negative endocrine regulator of the renin-angiotensin system and blood pressure. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 89\u201390:387\u2013392","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"4623_CR20","unstructured":"R B, G C, L V, E van E, A V, Hf L, et al. Vitamin D and human health: lessons from vitamin D receptor null mice. Endocrine reviews. 2008. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18694980\/. Accessed 21 Nov 2023"},{"key":"4623_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2009.185","volume":"5","author":"CRC Doorenbos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Doorenbos CRC, van den Born J, Navis G, de Borst MH (2009) Possible renoprotection by vitamin D in chronic renal disease: beyond mineral metabolism. Nat Rev Nephrol 5:691\u2013700","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"4623_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007060666","volume":"19","author":"X Tan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tan X, Wen X, Liu Y (2008) Paricalcitol inhibits renal inflammation by promoting vitamin d receptor-mediated sequestration of NF-\u03baB signaling. J Am Soc Nephrol 19:1741","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"4623_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.223.153","volume":"223","author":"C-C Wu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wu C-C, Chang J-H, Chen C-C, Su S-B, Yang L-K, Ma W-Y et al (2011) Calcitriol treatment attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Tohoku J Exp Med 223:153\u2013159","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"4623_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2019.09.001","volume":"30","author":"C-C Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu C-C, Liao M-T, Hsiao P-J, Lu C-L, Hsu Y-J, Lu K-C et al (2020) Antiproteinuria EFFECT of calcitriol in patients with chronic kidney disease and vitamin d deficiency: a randomized controlled study. J Ren Nutr 30:200\u2013207","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"4623_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016040407","volume":"28","author":"CA Keyzer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Keyzer CA, van Breda GF, Vervloet MG, de Jong MA, Laverman GD, Hemmelder MH et al (2017) Effects of vitamin d receptor activation and dietary sodium restriction on residual albuminuria in CKD: the ViRTUE-CKD Trial. J Am Soc Nephrol 28:1296\u20131305","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"4623_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2823","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00755.x","volume":"68","author":"R Agarwal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Agarwal R, Acharya M, Tian J, Hippensteel RL, Melnick JZ, Qiu P et al (2005) Antiproteinuric effect of oral paricalcitol in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 68:2823\u20132828","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"4623_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2011.09.014","volume":"59","author":"L-J Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu L-J, Lv J-C, Shi S-F, Chen Y-Q, Zhang H, Wang H-Y (2012) Oral calcitriol for reduction of proteinuria in patients with IgA nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Kidney Dis 59:67\u201374","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"4623_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.207","volume":"80","author":"R Agarwal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Agarwal R, Hynson JE, Hecht TJW, Light RP, Sinha AD (2011) Short-term vitamin D receptor activation increases serum creatinine due to increased production with no effect on the glomerular filtration rate. Kidney Int 80:1073\u20131079","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"4623_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2007.03.008","volume":"49","author":"LA Greenbaum","year":"2007","unstructured":"Greenbaum LA, Benador N, Goldstein SL, Paredes A, Melnick JZ, Mattingly S et al (2007) Intravenous paricalcitol for treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in children on hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 49:814\u2013823","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"4623_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3579-6","volume":"32","author":"NJA Webb","year":"2017","unstructured":"Webb NJA, Lerner G, Warady BA, Dell KM, Greenbaum LA, Ariceta G et al (2017) Efficacy and safety of paricalcitol in children with stages 3 to 5 chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 32:1221\u20131232","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"4623_CR31","unstructured":"Evidence reviews for interventions to lower proteinuria: Chronic kidney disease: Evidence review H. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2021. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK574721\/. Accessesd 27 Dec 2023"},{"key":"4623_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.210","volume":"82","author":"NJA Webb","year":"2012","unstructured":"Webb NJA, Shahinfar S, Wells TG, Massaad R, Gleim GW, Santoro EP et al (2012) Losartan and enalapril are comparable in reducing proteinuria in children. Kidney Int 82:819\u2013826","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"4623_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-013-0262-2","volume":"50","author":"P Hari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hari P, Sahu J, Sinha A, Pandey RM, Bal CS, Bagga A (2013) Effect of enalapril on glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria in children with chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial. Indian Pediatr 50:923\u2013928","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"4623_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024816","volume":"383","author":"HJL Heerspink","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heerspink HJL, Stef\u00e1nsson BV, Correa-Rotter R, Chertow GM, Greene T, Hou F-F et al (2020) Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med 383:1436\u20131446","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4623_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101240","volume":"43","author":"P Ruggenenti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ruggenenti P, Kraus BJ, Inzucchi SE, Zinman B, Hantel S, Mattheus M et al (2021) Nephrotic-range proteinuria in type 2 diabetes: effects of empagliflozin on kidney disease progression and clinical outcomes. EClinicalMedicine 43:101240","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"4623_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.12.019","volume":"7","author":"J Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu J, Cui J, Fang X, Chen J, Yan W, Shen Q et al (2021) Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in children with inherited proteinuric kidney disease: a pilot study. Kidney Int Rep 7:638\u2013641","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"}],"container-title":["International Urology and Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11255-025-04623-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11255-025-04623-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11255-025-04623-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T18:10:20Z","timestamp":1761847820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11255-025-04623-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4623"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11255-025-04623-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}