{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:19:55Z","timestamp":1792783195822,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Xuhui medical research project","award":["SHXH202336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHXH202336"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Xuhui medical research project","award":["SHXH202220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHXH202220"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Research Project","award":["SHBY202513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHBY202513"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urol Nephrol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-025-04813-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T13:57:37Z","timestamp":1758808657000},"page":"1291-1306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Liquid biopsy based on multi-targeted capture of urinary tumor DNA combined with machine learning to detect urothelial carcinoma: a multicenter prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Chaozhi","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianlong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huarong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingdong","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miaojun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengwu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruoying","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denglong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4813_CR1","first-page":"229","volume":"74","author":"F Bray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I et al (2024) Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 74(3):229\u2013263","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"4813_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001696","volume":"206","author":"A Pieretti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pieretti A, Krasnow R, Drumm M, Gusev A, Dahl DM, McGovern F et al (2021) Complications and outcomes of salvage cystectomy after trimodality therapy. J Urol 206(1):29\u201336","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4813_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-020-00313-1","volume":"21","author":"L Tran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tran L, Xiao JF, Agarwal N, Duex JE, Theodorescu D (2021) Advances in bladder cancer biology and therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 21(2):104\u2013121","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"22","key":"4813_CR4","first-page":"11536","volume":"24","author":"G Facchini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Facchini G, Cavaliere C, Romis L, Mordente S, Facchini S, Iovane G et al (2020) Advanced\/metastatic bladder cancer: current status and future directions. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 24(22):11536\u201311552","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"4813_CR5","first-page":"651","volume":"32","author":"I Karaoglu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karaoglu I, van der Heijden AG, Witjes JA (2014) The role of urine markers, white light cystoscopy and fluorescence cystoscopy in recurrence, progression and follow-up of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. World J Urol 32(3):651\u2013659","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"4813_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.07.027","author":"P Gontero","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gontero P, Birtle A, Capoun O, Comperat E, Dominguez-Escrig JL, Liedberg F et al (2024) European association of urology guidelines on non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (TaT1 and carcinoma in situ)-a summary of the 2024 guidelines update. Eur Urol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.07.027","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4813_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.13407","volume":"35","author":"SJ Farahani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Farahani SJ, Li J, Minder B, Vielh P, Glisic M, Muka T (2024) Impact of implementing the first edition of the Paris system for reporting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytopathology 35(5):616\u2013633","journal-title":"Cytopathology"},{"issue":"6","key":"4813_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s41669-024-00512-8","volume":"8","author":"O Clark","year":"2024","unstructured":"Clark O, Sarmento T, Eccleston A, Brinkmann J, Picoli R, Daliparthi V et al (2024) Economic impact of bladder cancer in the USA. Pharmacoeconomics 8(6):837\u2013845","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"issue":"7","key":"4813_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-023-01273-8","volume":"41","author":"DD Joyce","year":"2023","unstructured":"Joyce DD, Sharma V, Williams SB (2023) Cost-effectiveness and economic impact of bladder cancer management: an updated review of the literature. Pharmacoeconomics 41(7):751\u2013769","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"4813_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2017.102","volume":"18","author":"K Curtius","year":"2018","unstructured":"Curtius K, Wright NA, Graham TA (2018) An evolutionary perspective on field cancerization. Nat Rev Cancer 18(1):19\u201332","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"4813_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00468-9","volume":"9","author":"L Dyrskjot","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dyrskjot L, Hansel DE, Efstathiou JA, Knowles MA, Galsky MD, Teoh J et al (2023) Bladder cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers 9(1):58","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"4813_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2102423118","author":"N Agarwal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Agarwal N, Rinaldetti S, Cheikh BB, Zhou Q, Hass EP, Jones RT et al (2021) TRIM28 is a transcriptional activator of the mutant TERT promoter in human bladder cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2102423118","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"43","key":"4813_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17426","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1310522110","volume":"110","author":"PS Rachakonda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rachakonda PS, Hosen I, de Verdier PJ, Fallah M, Heidenreich B, Ryk C et al (2013) TERT promoter mutations in bladder cancer affect patient survival and disease recurrence through modification by a common polymorphism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110(43):17426\u201317431","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"24","key":"4813_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7162","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-2498","volume":"73","author":"I Kinde","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kinde I, Munari E, Faraj SF, Hruban RH, Schoenberg M, Bivalacqua T et al (2013) TERT promoter mutations occur early in urothelial neoplasia and are biomarkers of early disease and disease recurrence in urine. Cancer Res 73(24):7162\u20137167","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"4813_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214319","author":"H Pakmanesh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pakmanesh H, Anvari O, Forey N, Weiderpass E, Malekpourafshar R, Iranpour M et al (2022) TERT promoter mutations as simple and non-invasive urinary biomarkers for the detection of urothelial bladder cancer in a high-risk region. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232214319","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4813_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102643","volume":"53","author":"MI Hosen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hosen MI, Sheikh M, Zvereva M, Scelo G, Forey N, Durand G et al (2020) Urinary TERT promoter mutations are detectable up to 10 years prior to clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer: evidence from the Golestan cohort study. EBioMedicine 53:102643","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"4813_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2017.210","volume":"117","author":"F Descotes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Descotes F, Kara N, Decaussin-Petrucci M, Piaton E, Geiguer F, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C et al (2017) Non-invasive prediction of recurrence in bladder cancer by detecting somatic TERT promoter mutations in urine. Br J Cancer 117(4):583\u2013587","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"4813_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2013.89","volume":"10","author":"R Kandimalla","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kandimalla R, van Tilborg AA, Zwarthoff EC (2013) DNA methylation-based biomarkers in bladder cancer. Nat Rev Urol 10(6):327\u2013335","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4813_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6278","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI139597","volume":"130","author":"X Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen X, Zhang J, Ruan W, Huang M, Wang C, Wang H et al (2020) Urine DNA methylation assay enables early detection and recurrence monitoring for bladder cancer. J Clin Invest 130(12):6278\u20136289","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"4813_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Kessel KE, Beukers W, Lurkin I, Ziel-van der Made A, van der Keur KA, Boormans JL, et al. Validation of a DNA Methylation-Mutation Urine Assay to Select Patients with Hematuria for Cystoscopy. J Urol. 2017;197(3 Pt 1):590\u20135.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.09.118"},{"issue":"12","key":"4813_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199812000-00001","volume":"22","author":"JI Epstein","year":"1998","unstructured":"Epstein JI, Amin MB, Reuter VR, Mostofi FK (1998) The World Health Organization\/International Society of Urological Pathology consensus classification of urothelial (transitional cell) neoplasms of the urinary bladder Bladder Consensus Conference Committee. Am J Surg Pathol. 22(12):1435\u201348","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol."},{"key":"4813_CR22","unstructured":"Dorogush AV, Gulin A, Gusev G, Kazeev N, Ostroumova L, Vorobev A. Fighting biases with dynamic boosting. ArXiv. 2017;abs\/1706.09516."},{"key":"4813_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tianqi Chen CG. XGBoost: A Scalable Tree Boosting System. 2016;arXiv:1603.02754 [cs.LG]","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939785"},{"issue":"1","key":"4813_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1006\/jcss.1997.1504","volume":"55","author":"RE Schapire","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schapire RE, Freund Y (1997) A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting. J Comput Syst Sci 55(1):119\u201339","journal-title":"J Comput Syst Sci"},{"key":"4813_CR25","unstructured":"Ke G, Meng Q, Finley T, Wang T, Chen W, Ma W, et al. (2017) LightGBM: a highly efficient gradient boosting decision tree. Neur Inform Process Syst 30"},{"issue":"1","key":"4813_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","volume":"45","author":"L Breiman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Breiman L (2001) Random forests. Mach Learn 45(1):5\u201332","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"4813_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu J, Wang Z, Kuen J, Ma L, Shahroudy A, Shuai B, Liu T, Wang X, Wang G, Cai J, Chen T (2018) Recent advances in convolutional neural networks. arXiv:151207108 [csCV]","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2017.10.013"},{"key":"4813_CR28","unstructured":"Joachims T (1998) Making large scale SVM learning practical. Techn Rep"},{"key":"4813_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1013203451","volume":"29","author":"JH Friedman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Friedman JH (2001) Greedy function approximation: a gradient boosting machine. Ann Stat 29:1189\u20131232","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"key":"4813_CR30","unstructured":"Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S (1989) Applied logistic regression, Second Edition"},{"key":"4813_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1967.1053964","volume":"13","author":"TM Cover","year":"1967","unstructured":"Cover TM, Hart PE (1967) Nearest neighbor pattern classification. IEEE Trans Inf Theory 13:21\u201327","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Theory"},{"issue":"12","key":"4813_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-018-2380-x","volume":"36","author":"F Soria","year":"2018","unstructured":"Soria F, Droller MJ, Lotan Y, Gontero P, D\u2019Andrea D, Gust KM et al (2018) An up-to-date catalog of available urinary biomarkers for the surveillance of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. World J Urol 36(12):1981\u20131995","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4813_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-013-0023-x","volume":"17","author":"S Goodison","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goodison S, Rosser CJ, Urquidi V (2013) Bladder cancer detection and monitoring: assessment of urine- and blood-based marker tests. Mol Diagn Ther 17(2):71\u201384","journal-title":"Mol Diagn Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"4813_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.05.053","volume":"60","author":"D Tilki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tilki D, Burger M, Dalbagni G, Grossman HB, Hakenberg OW, Palou J et al (2011) Urine markers for detection and surveillance of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Eur Urol 60(3):484\u2013492","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4813_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-019-02654-1","volume":"476","author":"MDC Rodriguez Pena","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rodriguez Pena MDC, Springer SU, Taheri D, Li L, Tregnago AC, Eich ML et al (2020) Performance of novel non-invasive urine assay UroSEEK in cohorts of equivocal urine cytology. Virchows Arch 476(3):423\u2013429","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"issue":"9","key":"4813_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12877","volume":"126","author":"F Pierconti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pierconti F, Martini M, Straccia P, Fiorentino V, Musarra T, Larocca LM et al (2018) Hypochromatic large urothelial cells in urine cytology are indicative of high grade urothelial carcinoma. APMIS 126(9):705\u2013709","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"issue":"7","key":"4813_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22410","volume":"129","author":"T Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun T, Hutchinson L, Tomaszewicz K, Caporelli ML, Meng X, McCauley K et al (2021) Diagnostic value of a comprehensive, urothelial carcinoma-specific next-generation sequencing panel in urine cytology and bladder tumor specimens. Cancer Cytopathol 129(7):537\u2013547","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4813_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2006.06036.x","volume":"97","author":"PI Karakiewicz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Karakiewicz PI, Benayoun S, Zippe C, Ludecke G, Boman H, Sanchez-Carbayo M et al (2006) Institutional variability in the accuracy of urinary cytology for predicting recurrence of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. BJU Int 97(5):997\u20131001","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"4813_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2023.11.009","volume":"7","author":"K Tsuji","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tsuji K, Kaneko M, Harada Y, Fujihara A, Ueno K, Nakanishi M et al (2024) A fully automated artificial intelligence system to assist pathologists\u2019 diagnosis to predict histologically high-grade urothelial carcinoma from digitized urine cytology slides using deep learning. Eur Urol Oncol 7(2):258\u2013265","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4813_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15382","volume":"129","author":"T Lebret","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lebret T, Pignot G, Colombel M, Guy L, Rebillard X, Savareux L et al (2022) Artificial intelligence to improve cytology performances in bladder carcinoma detection: results of the VisioCyt test. BJU Int 129(3):356\u2013363","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"4813_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wasserstrom A, Frumkin D, Dotan Z, Bukin E, Gadish T, Hanuka S, et al (2016) Mp13\u201315 molecular urine cytology \u2013 bladder epicheck is a novel molecular diagnostic tool for monitoring of bladder cancer patients. J Urol 195(4S)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.02.2496"},{"issue":"5","key":"4813_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22246","volume":"128","author":"E Trenti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Trenti E, Pycha S, Mian C, Schwienbacher C, Hanspeter E, Kafka M et al (2020) Comparison of 2 new real-time polymerase chain reaction-based urinary markers in the follow-up of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cancer Cytopathol 128(5):341\u2013347","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4813_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22152","volume":"127","author":"E Trenti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Trenti E, D\u2019Elia C, Mian C, Schwienbacher C, Hanspeter E, Pycha A et al (2019) Diagnostic predictive value of the bladder epicheck test in the follow-up of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cancer Cytopathol 127(7):465\u2013469","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol"}],"container-title":["International Urology and Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11255-025-04813-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11255-025-04813-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11255-025-04813-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T14:37:43Z","timestamp":1773844663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11255-025-04813-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["4813"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11255-025-04813-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The overall cohort received approval from institutional review boards, adhering to the Declaration of Helsinki, at Tongji Hospital (2021-119), Shanghai Eighth People\u2019s Hospital (2023-052-12), and Fudan University Cancer Hospital (2406298-12). Written informed consent was obtained from all participating individuals prior to sample collection and data acquisition. Consent documents specified: Authorization for urine sample collection and biomarker analysis, permission for anonymized clinical data usage, agreement to publication of aggregated research findings.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}