{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T11:21:03Z","timestamp":1787656863138,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research funding from Hyogo Medical University"},{"name":"Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd. research grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urol Nephrol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-026-05098-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T17:01:01Z","timestamp":1773680461000},"page":"3931-3939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intradialytic protein supplementation: a comparative study of fish and whey protein on amino acid profiles of patients undergoing hemodialysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"umin000050805","registry":"10.18810\/umin-japan"}],"author":[{"given":"Ryota","family":"Matsuzawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Shimokado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanae","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Obama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sawako","family":"Honda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoyuki","family":"Tsujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Tamaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"5098_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012","volume":"21","author":"LK Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Chou MY, Iijima K et al (2020) Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc 21(3):300\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"5098_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12890","author":"X Shu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shu X, Lin T, Wang H, Zhao Y, Jiang T, Peng X et al (2022) Diagnosis, prevalence, and mortality of sarcopenia in dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.12890","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"6","key":"5098_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13078","volume":"13","author":"D Kakita","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kakita D, Matsuzawa R, Yamamoto S, Suzuki Y, Harada M, Imamura K et al (2022) Simplified discriminant parameters for sarcopenia among patients undergoing haemodialysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 13(6):2898\u20132907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.13078","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"5098_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40200-017-0302-x","volume":"16","author":"G Shafiee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shafiee G, Keshtkar A, Soltani A, Ahadi Z, Larijani B, Heshmat R (2017) Prevalence of sarcopenia in the world: a systematic review and meta- analysis of general population studies. J Diabetes Metab Disord 16:21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40200-017-0302-x","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"5098_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12651","volume":"12","author":"A Kitamura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kitamura A, Seino S, Abe T, Nofuji Y, Yokoyama Y, Amano H et al (2021) Sarcopenia: prevalence, associated factors, and the risk of mortality and disability in Japanese older adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 12(1):30\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.12651","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"5","key":"5098_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2024.03.004","volume":"34","author":"G Brietzke","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brietzke G, Brody R, Sackey J, Byham-Gray L (2024) Predictors of skeletal muscle index for patients treated with hemodialysis. J Ren Nutr 34(5):447\u2013453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jrn.2024.03.004","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"5098_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12421","volume":"10","author":"L Koppe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koppe L, Fouque D, Kalantar-Zadeh K (2019) Kidney cachexia or protein-energy wasting in chronic kidney disease: facts and numbers. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 10(3):479\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.12421","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"3","key":"5098_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2017.12.003","volume":"28","author":"J Giglio","year":"2018","unstructured":"Giglio J, Kamimura MA, Lamarca F, Rodrigues J, Santin F, Avesani CM (2018) Association of sarcopenia with nutritional parameters, quality of life, hospitalization, and mortality rates of elderly patients on hemodialysis. J Ren Nutr 28(3):197\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jrn.2017.12.003","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"5098_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2019.12.003","volume":"30","author":"S Murtas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Murtas S, Aquilani R, Iadarola P, Deiana ML, Secci R, Cadeddu M et al (2020) Differences and effects of metabolic fate of individual amino acid loss in high-efficiency hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration. J Ren Nutr 30(5):440\u2013451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jrn.2019.12.003","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"5098_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061378","volume":"11","author":"S Vettoretti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vettoretti S, Caldiroli L, Armelloni S, Ferrari C, Cesari M, Messa P (2019) Sarcopenia is associated with malnutrition but not with systemic inflammation in older persons with advanced CKD. Nutrients 11(6):1378","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"5098_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.07.005","volume":"29","author":"S Murtas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Murtas S, Aquilani R, Deiana ML, Iadarola P, Secci R, Cadeddu M et al (2019) Differences in amino acid loss between high-efficiency hemodialysis and postdilution and predilution hemodiafiltration using high convection volume exchange-a new metabolic scenario? A Pilot Study J Ren Nutr 29(2):126\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.07.005","journal-title":"A Pilot Study J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"5098_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2025.07.012","author":"B Mafrici","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mafrici B, Viramontes-Horner D, Gardner DS, Smith K, Taal MW, Selby NM et al (2025) Amino acid and protein losses in adult patients receiving maintenance dialysis: a literature review. J Ren Nutr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jrn.2025.07.012","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"5098_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa010","volume":"150","author":"FK Hendriks","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hendriks FK, Smeets JSJ, Broers NJH, van Kranenburg JMX, van der Sande FM, Kooman JP et al (2020) End-stage renal disease patients lose a substantial amount of amino acids during hemodialysis. J Nutr 150(5):1160\u20131166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/nxaa010","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"5098_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.147","volume":"84","author":"TA Ikizler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ikizler TA, Cano NJ, Franch H, Fouque D, Himmelfarb J, Kalantar-Zadeh K et al (2013) Prevention and treatment of protein energy wasting in chronic kidney disease patients: a consensus statement by the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism. Kidney Int 84(6):1096\u20131107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2013.147","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"5098_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203706","volume":"13","author":"PJ Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu PJ, Ma F, Wang QY, He SL (2018) The effects of oral nutritional supplements in patients with maintenance dialysis therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. PLoS ONE 13(9):e0203706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0203706","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5098_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012616.pub2","volume":"5","author":"JY Mah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mah JY, Choy SW, Roberts MA, Desai AM, Corken M, Gwini SM et al (2020) Oral protein-based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 5:CD012616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD012616.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"5098_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14684","volume":"77","author":"Y Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu Y, Wang YJ, Lu Q (2021) The effect of oral nutritional supplement on muscle fitness of patients undergoing dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs 77(4):1716\u20131730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jan.14684","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"5098_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.04.027","volume":"44","author":"R Matsuzawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Matsuzawa R, Yamamoto S, Suzuki Y, Abe Y, Harada M, Shimoda T et al (2021) The effects of amino acid\/protein supplementation in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 44:114\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.04.027","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"key":"5098_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab274","author":"FK Hendriks","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hendriks FK, Smeets JSJ, van Kranenburg JMX, Broers NJH, van der Sande FM, Verdijk LB et al (2021) Amino acid removal during hemodialysis can be compensated for by protein ingestion and is not compromised by intradialytic exercise: a randomized controlled crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab274","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"5098_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.413","volume":"77","author":"J Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu J, Huang Z, Gilbertson DT, Foley RN, Collins AJ (2010) An improved comorbidity index for outcome analyses among dialysis patients. Kidney Int 77(2):141\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2009.413","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"5098_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-13-8","volume":"13","author":"M Kimura","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kimura M, Moriyasu A, Kumagai S, Furuna T, Akita S, Kimura S et al (2013) Community-based intervention to improve dietary habits and promote physical activity among older adults: a cluster randomized trial. BMC Geriatr 13(1):8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2318-13-8","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"5098_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14010052","author":"PS Rogeri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rogeri PS, Zanella R Jr., Martins GL, Garcia MDA, Leite G, Lugaresi R et al (2021) Strategies to prevent sarcopenia in the aging process: role of protein intake and exercise. Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14010052","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"5098_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27548","volume":"90","author":"A Deglaire","year":"2009","unstructured":"Deglaire A, Fromentin C, Fouillet H, Airinei G, Gaudichon C, Boutry C et al (2009) Hydrolyzed dietary casein as compared with the intact protein reduces postprandial peripheral, but not whole-body, uptake of nitrogen in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 90(4):1011\u20131022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27548","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"5098_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002585","volume":"73","author":"D Fouque","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fouque D, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kopple J, Cano N, Chauveau P, Cuppari L et al (2008) A proposed nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for protein-energy wasting in acute and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 73(4):391\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ki.5002585","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"5098_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9030208","volume":"9","author":"Y Zha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zha Y, Qian Q (2017) Protein nutrition and malnutrition in CKD and ESRD. Nutrients 9(3):208","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"5098_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.08.011","volume":"63","author":"S Salamah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Salamah S, Post A, Alkaff FF, van Vliet IMY, Ipema KJR, van der Veen Y et al (2024) Association between objectively measured protein intake and muscle status, health-related quality of life, and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Clin Nutr ESPEN 63:787\u2013795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.08.011","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"issue":"3 Suppl 1","key":"5098_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.05.006","volume":"76","author":"TA Ikizler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ikizler TA, Burrowes JD, Byham-Gray LD, Campbell KL, Carrero JJ, Chan W et al (2020) KDOQI clinical practice guideline for nutrition in CKD: 2020 update. Am J Kidney Dis 76(3 Suppl 1):S1\u2013S107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.05.006","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"5098_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa372","volume":"113","author":"KH Mertz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mertz KH, Reitelseder S, Bechshoeft R, Bulow J, H\u00f8jfeldt G, Jensen M et al (2021) The effect of daily protein supplementation, with or without resistance training for 1 year, on muscle size, strength, and function in healthy older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 113(4):790\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa372","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"5098_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16070941","volume":"16","author":"C-D Liao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liao C-D, Huang S-W, Chen H-C, Huang M-H, Liou T-H, Lin C-L (2024) Comparative efficacy of different protein supplements on muscle mass, strength, and physical indices of sarcopenia among community-dwelling, hospitalized or institutionalized older adults undergoing resistance training: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients 16(7):941","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"5098_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2020-0643","volume":"46","author":"Z Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Z, Cui M, Yu K, Zhang XW, Li CW, Nie XD et al (2021) Effects of nutrition supplementation and physical exercise on muscle mass, muscle strength and fat mass among sarcopenic elderly: a randomized controlled trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 46(5):494\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/apnm-2020-0643","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"5098_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2019.06.010","volume":"30","author":"G Martin-Alema\u00f1y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martin-Alema\u00f1y G, Espinosa-Cuevas M, P\u00e9rez-Navarro M, Wilund KR, Miranda-Alatriste P, Cort\u00e9s-P\u00e9rez M et al (2020) Effect of oral nutritional supplementation with and without exercise on nutritional status and physical function of adult hemodialysis patients: a parallel controlled clinical trial (AVANTE-HEMO Study). J Ren Nutr 30(2):126\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jrn.2019.06.010","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"5098_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14142946","author":"G Martin-Alema\u00f1y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martin-Alema\u00f1y G, P\u00e9rez-Navarro M, Wilund KR, Garc\u00eda-Villalobos G, G\u00f3mez-Guerrero I, Cant\u00fa-Quintanilla G et al (2022) Effect of intradialytic oral nutritional supplementation with or without exercise improves muscle mass quality and physical function in hemodialysis patients: a pilot study. Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14142946","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"5098_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1069651","volume":"10","author":"SH Ju","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ju SH, Lee EJ, Sim BC, Nga HT, Lee HY, Tian J et al (2023) Leucine-enriched amino acid supplementation and exercise to prevent sarcopenia in patients on hemodialysis: a single-arm pilot study. Front Nutr 10:1069651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1069651","journal-title":"Front Nutr"}],"container-title":["International Urology and Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05098-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05098-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05098-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T10:40:41Z","timestamp":1787654441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05098-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05098-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was supported by a Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd., which supplied the test food materials and a research grant. The authors independently carried out all aspects of the study, including its design, data collection, analysis, and manuscript preparation, ensuring that the company exerted no influence on the results or their interpretation. The results presented in this article have not been published previously, in whole or part, except in abstract format. This manuscript has been seen and approved by all authors who meet the criteria for authorship as stated in the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals. This study was supported by a Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd., which supplied the test food materials and a research grant. The authors independently carried out all aspects of the study, including its design, data collection, analysis, and manuscript preparation, ensuring that the company exerted no influence on the results or their interpretation. The results presented in this article have not been published previously, in whole or part, except in abstract format.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}