{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:42:22Z","timestamp":1792204942956,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urol Nephrol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-026-05126-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T16:44:25Z","timestamp":1775234665000},"page":"3395-3405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tumor-draining lymph nodes as immunologic hubs: rethinking nodal surgery in the era of checkpoint blockade in urologic cancers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keita","family":"Higa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Kurokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Bamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanji","family":"Kanaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyoshi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"5126_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.09.042","volume":"79","author":"N Mottet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mottet N, van den Bergh RCN, Briers E et al (2021) EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-ISUP-SIOG guidelines on prostate cancer. Eur Urol 79:243\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.09.042","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"5126_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.03.055","volume":"79","author":"JA Witjes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Witjes JA, Bruins HM, Cathomas R et al (2021) EAU guidelines on muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer. Eur Urol 79:82\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.03.055","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"5126_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.11.012","volume":"33","author":"T Powles","year":"2022","unstructured":"Powles T, Bellmunt J, Comperat E et al (2022) Bladder cancer: ESMO clinical practice guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 33:244\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.11.012","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"5126_CR4","unstructured":"European Association of Urology (2025) EAU guidelines on upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Mar]. Available from: https:\/\/uroweb.org\/guidelines\/upper-urinary-tract-urothelial-carcinoma"},{"key":"5126_CR5","unstructured":"European Association of Urology (2025) EAU guidelines on renal cell carcinoma [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Mar]. Available from: https:\/\/uroweb.org\/guidelines\/renal-cell-carcinoma"},{"key":"5126_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.03.024","volume":"72","author":"N Fossati","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fossati N, Willemse PPPM, Van den Broeck T et al (2017) The effect of lymph node dissection on oncologic outcomes in patients with clinically localised prostate cancer: a systematic review. Eur Urol 72:573\u2013585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.03.024","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"5126_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.11.040","volume":"79","author":"JFP Lestingi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lestingi JFP, Guglielmetti GB, Trinh QD et al (2021) Extended versus limited pelvic lymph node dissection during radical prostatectomy for intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer: early oncological outcomes from a randomized phase 3 trial. Eur Urol 79:595\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.11.040","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"5126_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.11.026","volume":"75","author":"F Preisser","year":"2019","unstructured":"Preisser F, van den Bergh RCN, Gandaglia G et al (2019) The effect of pelvic lymph node dissection omission on oncologic outcomes in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Eur Urol 75:654\u2013662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.11.026","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"5126_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ases.70061","volume":"18","author":"R Yamase","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yamase R, Yamamoto S, Watanabe K, Inoue A, Nakamura K, Nagata M (2025) Reevaluating the therapeutic role of pelvic lymph node dissection in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Asian J Endosc Surg 18:e70061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ases.70061","journal-title":"Asian J Endosc Surg"},{"key":"5126_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.05.004","volume":"66","author":"HM Bruins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bruins HM, Veskimae E, Hernandez V et al (2014) The impact of the extent of lymphadenectomy on oncologic outcomes in bladder cancer patients undergoing radical cystectomy: a systematic review. Eur Urol 66:1065\u20131077. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.05.004","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"5126_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.11.073","volume":"199","author":"M Abufaraj","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abufaraj M, Shariat SF, Iwata T et al (2018) The role of lymph node dissection in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review. J Urol 199:1012\u20131022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2017.11.073","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"5126_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD013336","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013336.pub2","volume":"5","author":"EC Hwang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hwang EC, Sathianathen NJ, Imamura M et al (2019) Extended versus standard lymph node dissection for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in patients undergoing radical cystectomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 5:CD013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD013336.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"5126_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3317","volume":"12","author":"JP Girard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Girard JP, Moussion C, Forster R (2012) HEVs, lymphatics and homeostatic immune cell trafficking in lymph nodes. Nat Rev Immunol 12:762\u2013773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri3317","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"5126_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31942","volume":"117","author":"DH Munn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Munn DH, Mellor AL (2007) Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tumor-induced tolerance. J Clin Invest 117:1147\u20131154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI31942","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"5126_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2016.151","volume":"27","author":"A Tanaka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tanaka A, Sakaguchi S (2017) Regulatory T cells in cancer immunotherapy. Cell Res 27:109\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cr.2016.151","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"5126_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04524-x","volume":"9","author":"R Alonso","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alonso R, Flament H, Lemoine S et al (2018) Induction of anergic or regulatory tumor-specific CD4+ T cells in the tumor-draining lymph node. Nat Commun 9:2113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-04524-x","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5126_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.10.006","volume":"87","author":"KA Touijer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Touijer KA, Vertosick EA, Sjoberg DD et al (2025) Pelvic lymph node dissection in prostate cancer: update from a randomized clinical trial of limited versus extended dissection. Eur Urol 87:253\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.10.006","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"5126_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30314-7","volume":"395","author":"MS Hofman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hofman MS, Lawrentschuk N, Francis RJ et al (2020) Prostate-specific membrane antigen PET-CT in patients with high-risk prostate cancer before curative-intent surgery or radiotherapy (proPSMA): a prospective, randomized, multicentre study. Lancet 395:1208\u20131216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30314-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"13","key":"5126_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2401497","volume":"391","author":"SP Lerner","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lerner SP, Tangen C, Svatek RS et al (2024) Standard or extended lymphadenectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. N Engl J Med 391(13):1206\u20131216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2401497","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"5126_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2025.09.001","volume":"88","author":"MM Heck","year":"2025","unstructured":"Heck MM, Lehmann J, Amiel T et al (2025) Long-term results from the LEA randomized trial: extended versus standard lymph node dissection in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy. Eur Urol 88(6):566\u2013570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2025.09.001","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"5126_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034042","volume":"384","author":"DF Bajorin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bajorin DF, Witjes JA, Gschwend JE et al (2021) Adjuvant nivolumab versus placebo in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma. N Engl J Med 384:2102\u20132114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2034042","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5126_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1613683","volume":"376","author":"J Bellmunt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bellmunt J, de Wit R, Vaughn DJ et al (2017) Pembrolizumab as second-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma. N Engl J Med 376:1015\u20131026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1613683","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5126_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002568","volume":"382","author":"MD Galsky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Galsky MD, Arija JAA, Bamias A et al (2020) Atezolizumab with or without chemotherapy in metastatic urothelial cancer (IMvigor130). N Engl J Med 382:1907\u20131926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2002568","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5126_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2408154","volume":"391","author":"T Powles","year":"2024","unstructured":"Powles T, Catto JWF, Galsky MD et al (2024) Perioperative durvalumab with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in operable bladder cancer. N Engl J Med 391:1773\u20131786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2408154","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5126_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2008.09.052","volume":"55","author":"JHM Blom","year":"2009","unstructured":"Blom JHM, van Poppel H, Marechal JM et al (2009) Radical nephrectomy with and without lymph-node dissection: final results of EORTC randomized phase 3 trial 30881. Eur Urol 55:28\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2008.09.052","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"5126_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1712126","volume":"378","author":"RJ Motzer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Motzer RJ, Tannir NM, McDermott DF et al (2018) Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus sunitinib in advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 378:1277\u20131290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1712126","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5126_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2106391","volume":"385","author":"TK Choueiri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choueiri TK, Tomczak P, Park SH et al (2021) Adjuvant pembrolizumab after nephrectomy in renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 385:683\u2013694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2106391","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5126_CR28","unstructured":"European Association of Urology. EAU guidelines on penile cancer [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Mar]. Available from: https:\/\/uroweb.org\/guidelines\/penile-cancer."},{"key":"5126_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0198-0","volume":"24","author":"CU Blank","year":"2018","unstructured":"Blank CU, Rozeman EA, Fanchi LF et al (2018) Neoadjuvant versus adjuvant ipilimumab plus nivolumab in macroscopic stage III melanoma. Nat Med 24:1655\u20131661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-018-0198-0","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"5126_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2014.09.006","volume":"35","author":"MC Dieu-Nosjean","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dieu-Nosjean MC, Goc J, Giraldo NA et al (2014) Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer and beyond. Trends Immunol 35:571\u2013580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.it.2014.09.006","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"5126_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1922-8","volume":"577","author":"BA Helmink","year":"2020","unstructured":"Helmink BA, Reddy SM, Gao J et al (2020) B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures promote immunotherapy response. Nature 577:549\u2013555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1922-8","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5126_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1914-8","volume":"577","author":"R Cabrita","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cabrita R, Lauss M, Sanna A et al (2020) Tertiary lymphoid structures improve immunotherapy and survival in melanoma. Nature 577:561\u2013565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1914-8","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5126_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag2479","volume":"354","author":"SJ Im","year":"2016","unstructured":"Im SJ, Hashimoto M, Gerner MY et al (2016) Defining CD8+ T cell states in chronic viral infection. Science 354:1165\u20131169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aag2479","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5126_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.12.021","volume":"176","author":"I Siddiqui","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siddiqui I, Schaeuble K, Chennupati V et al (2019) Intratumoral Tcf1+ PD-1+ CD8+ T cells with stem-like properties promote tumor control in response to immunotherapy. Cell 176:775\u2013789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2018.12.021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"5126_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1836-5","volume":"576","author":"CS Jansen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jansen CS, Prokhnevska N, Master VA et al (2019) An intra-tumoral niche maintains and differentiates stem-like CD8 t cells. Nature 576:465\u2013470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1836-5","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5126_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2016.1249557","volume":"5","author":"E Pylaeva","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pylaeva E, Lang S, Jablonska J (2016) The essential role of neutrophils in the regulation of tumor-associated lymphocyte responses. Oncoimmunology 5:e1249557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/2162402X.2016.1249557","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"5126_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dju124","volume":"106","author":"AJ Templeton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Templeton AJ, McNamara MG, Seruga B et al (2014) Prognostic role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 106:dju124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/dju124","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"5126_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.02.021","volume":"186","author":"MK Rahim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rahim MK, Okholm TLH, Jones KB et al (2023) Dynamic CD8+ t cell responses to cancer immunotherapy in human regional lymph nodes are disrupted in metastatic lymph nodes. Cell 186:1127\u20131143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2023.02.021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"5126_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000806","volume":"110","author":"H Deng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deng H, Zhou J, Chen H et al (2024) Impact of lymphadenectomy extent on immunotherapy efficacy in postresectional recurred non-small cell lung cancer: a multi-institutional retrospective cohort study. Int J Surg 110:238\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000806","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"5126_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1716078","volume":"378","author":"PM Forde","year":"2018","unstructured":"Forde PM, Chaft JE, Smith KN et al (2018) Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade in resectable lung cancer. N Engl J Med 378:1976\u20131986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1716078","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["International Urology and Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05126-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05126-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05126-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T10:40:53Z","timestamp":1787654453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05126-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5126"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05126-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was not required for this review article, which did not involve studies with human participants, identifiable data, or animals.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this work, the authors used ChatGPT (OpenAI) to assist with language editing and organization of the manuscript. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and took full responsibility for the content of the published article.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the manuscript preparation process","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}