{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T08:06:27Z","timestamp":1789632387317,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urol Nephrol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-026-05157-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T02:20:06Z","timestamp":1777861206000},"page":"4109-4119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synergistic relaxation of ureteral smooth muscle by doxazosin and vardenafil: experimental implications for medical expulsive therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0701-4652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bulent","family":"Uysal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8135-3312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erbay","family":"Tumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8635-9852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eyup","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5912-9392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatma","family":"Tore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0079-1781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muzaffer","family":"Eroglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7307-7566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamdiye","family":"Celikaslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6837-3477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Recep","family":"Dokuyucu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"5157_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102924","author":"AF Awedew","year":"2024","unstructured":"Awedew AF, Han H, Berice BN, Dodge M, Schneider RD, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Al-Aly Z, Almidani O, Alvand S, Arabloo J, Aravkin AY, Ayana TM, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhaskar S, Bikbov B, Caetano dos Santos FL, Charan J, Cruz-Martins N, Dadras O, Dai X, Digesa LE, Elhadi M, Elmonem MA, Esezobor CI, Fatehizadeh A, Gebremeskel TG, Getachew ME, Ghamari S-H, Hay SI, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Jayarajah U, Jazayeri SB, Kim MS, Lee S-W, Lee SWH, Lim SS, Mahmoud MA, Malik AA, Mentis A-FA, Mestrovic T, Michalek IM, Mihrtie GN, Mirrakhimov EM, Mokdad AH, Moni MA, Moradi M, Murray CJL, Ortiz A, Pawar S, Perico N, Rashidi M-M, Rawassizadeh R, Remuzzi G, Schumacher AE, Singh JA, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Tan K-K, Tolani MA, Valadan Tahbaz S, Valizadeh R, Vo B, Wolde AA, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yazdanpanah F, Yi\u011fit A, Yi\u011fit V, Zahir M, Zastrozhin M, Zhang Z-J, Zumla A, Misganaw A, Dirac MA (2024) The global, regional, and national burden of urolithiasis in 204 countries and territories, 2000\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. eClinicalMedicine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102924","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"5157_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.05.029","volume":"86","author":"A Skolarikos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Skolarikos A, Somani B, Neisius A, Jung H, Pet\u0159\u00edk A, Tailly T, Davis N, Tzelves L, Geraghty R, Lombardo R, Bezuidenhout C, Gambaro G (2024) Metabolic evaluation and recurrence prevention for urinary stone patients: An EAU guidelines update. Eur Urol 86(4):343\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.05.029","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5157_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2025.03.011","volume":"88","author":"A Skolarikos","year":"2025","unstructured":"Skolarikos A, Geraghty R, Somani B, Tailly T, Jung H, Neisius A, Pet\u0159\u00edk A, Kamphuis GM, Davis N, Bezuidenhout C, Lardas M, Gambaro G, Sayer JA, Lombardo R, Tzelves L (2025) European association of urology guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of urolithiasis. Eur Urol 88(1):64\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2025.03.011","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5157_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2007.01812.x","volume":"14","author":"Y Itoh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Itoh Y, Kojima Y, Yasui T, Tozawa K, Sasaki S, Kohri K (2007) Examination of alpha 1 adrenoceptor subtypes in the human ureter. Int J Urol 14(8):749\u2013753. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2007.01812.x","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5157_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-007-0118-0","volume":"35","author":"HK Park","year":"2007","unstructured":"Park HK, Choi EY, Jeong BC, Kim HH, Kim BK (2007) Localizations and expressions of \u03b1-1A, \u03b1-1B and \u03b1-1D adrenoceptors in human ureter. Urol Res 35(6):325\u2013329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00240-007-0118-0","journal-title":"Urol Res"},{"key":"5157_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008509.pub3","author":"T Campschroer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Campschroer T, Zhu X, Vernooij RWM, Lock MTWT (2018) Alpha-blockers as medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD008509.pub3","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"5157_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.10.033","volume":"73","author":"Z Ye","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ye Z, Zeng G, Yang H, Tang K, Zhang X, Li H, Li W, Wu Z, Chen L, Chen X, Liu X, Deng Y, Pan T, Xing J, Wang S, Cheng Y, Gu X, Gao W, Yang J, Zhang Y, Mi Q, Qi L, Li J, Hu W, Liang P, Sun Z, Xu C, Long Y, Liao Y, Liu S, Liu G, Xu X, He W, Chen Z, Xu H (2018) Efficacy and Safety of tamsulosin in medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteral stones with renal colic: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind. Placebo-controlled Trial European Urology 73(3):385\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.10.033","journal-title":"Placebo-controlled Trial European Urology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5157_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-006-0073-1","volume":"35","author":"C Gratzke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gratzke C, \u00dcckert S, Kedia G, Reich O, Schlenker B, Seitz M, Becker AJ, Stief CG (2006) In vitro effects of PDE5 inhibitors sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil on isolated human ureteral smooth muscle: a basic research approach. Urol Res 35(1):49\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00240-006-0073-1","journal-title":"Urol Res"},{"key":"5157_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141477","author":"HHHW Schmidt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schmidt HHHW, Sandner P, Tinel H, Affaitati G, Costantini R, Giamberardino MA (2015) Effects of PDE5 inhibitors and sGC stimulators in a rat model of artificial ureteral calculosis. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0141477","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"5157_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2016.0837","volume":"31","author":"Y Bai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bai Y, Yang Y, Wang X, Tang Y, Han P, Wang J (2017) Tadalafil facilitates the distal ureteral stone expulsion: a meta-analysis. J Endourol 31(6):557\u2013563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/end.2016.0837","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5157_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.06.002","volume":"70","author":"SY Nakada","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nakada SY, Coyle TLC, Ankem MK, Moon TD, Jerde TJ (2007) Doxazosin relaxes ureteral smooth muscle and inhibits epinephrine-induced ureteral contractility in vitro. Urology 70(4):817\u2013821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2007.06.002","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5157_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20097","volume":"24","author":"S Sigala","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sigala S, Dellabella M, Milanese G, Fornari S, Faccoli S, Palazzolo F, Peroni A, Mirabella G, Cunico SC, Spano P, Muzzonigro G (2005) Evidence for the presence of \u03b11 adrenoceptor subtypes in the human ureter. Neurourol Urodyn 24(2):142\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.20097","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"5157_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60091455","author":"E Di Mauro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Di Mauro E, Saldutto P, La Rocca R, Sangiorgi G, Patelli G, Barone B, Verratti V, Castellucci R, Napolitano L, Iacono F, Altieri VM (2024) Efficacy and safety of Boldine combined with Phyllanthus niruri and Ononis spinosa in medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteral stones with renal colic: a single-center, retrospective cohort study. Medicina. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina60091455","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"2","key":"5157_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajur.2024.05.003","volume":"12","author":"S Ebrahimpour","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ebrahimpour S, Kargar M, Balvardi M, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Asadi P, Mohammadi M (2025) Comparing efficacy and safety of monotherapy and combination therapy with tadalafil, tamsulosin, and silodosin for distal ureteral stones: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Journal of Urology 12(2):189\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajur.2024.05.003","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Urology"},{"issue":"6","key":"5157_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677-5538.ibju.2023.0345","volume":"49","author":"M Belkovsky","year":"2023","unstructured":"Belkovsky M, Zogaib GV, Passerotti CC, de Almeida Artifon EL, Otoch JP, da Cruz JAS (2023) Tamsulosin vs. Tadalafil as medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteral stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Braz J Urol 49(6):668\u2013676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1677-5538.ibju.2023.0345","journal-title":"Int Braz J Urol"},{"issue":"14","key":"5157_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.08.004","volume":"33","author":"S Lemoine","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lemoine S, Dahan P, Haymann JP, Meria P, Almeras C (2023) 2022 Recommendations of the AFU lithiasis committee: medical management from diagnosis to treatment. Prog Urol 33(14):911\u2013953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.purol.2023.08.004","journal-title":"Prog Urol"},{"key":"5157_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/iju.IJU_107_18","author":"MS Sakthivel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sakthivel MS, Prabha R, Singh O, Kekre N, Kumar S (2018) The effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, Tadalafil, on in vitro potassium chloride-induced contractions of isolated human ureteral tissue. Indian J Urol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/iju.IJU_107_18","journal-title":"Indian J Urol"},{"key":"5157_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1351312","author":"F Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun F, Liu H, Wu G, Liu M, Liu S, Wang L, Zou Q, Cui Y, Wu J (2024) Pooled-analysis of tadalafil and tamsulosin for ureteral calculi. Frontiers in Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1351312","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5157_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/cu9.0000000000000206","volume":"18","author":"A Reda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Reda A, Kamel M, Loay M, Abdelsalam YM, Zarzour MA (2024) Efficacy of the combination of tadalafil and tamsulosin versus tadalafil alone as a medical expulsive therapy for stone L1\/3 ureter 10 mm or less: A prospective comparative placebo-controlled study. Current Urology 18(4):278\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/cu9.0000000000000206","journal-title":"Current Urology"},{"key":"5157_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-024-01679-2","author":"M Taheri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Taheri M, Borumandnia N, Abdi H, Kashi AH, Nourani S, Sheikholeslami S, Gilvaei YM, Ziaeefar P, Basiri A (2025) Which combination of medical expulsive therapy is more effective for treatment of distal ureteral stone in adults? A systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMC Urol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12894-024-01679-2","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"issue":"10","key":"5157_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2016.146","volume":"13","author":"BK Somani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Somani BK, Aboumarzouk O, Traxer O, Baard J, Kamphuis G, de la Rosette J (2016) Medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones: where do we go from here? Nat Rev Urol 13(10):608\u2013612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrurol.2016.146","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5157_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.07.053","volume":"76","author":"V De Coninck","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Coninck V, Antonelli J, Chew B, Patterson JM, Skolarikos A, Bultitude M (2019) Medical expulsive therapy for urinary stones: future trends and knowledge gaps. Eur Urol 76(5):658\u2013666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.07.053","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"5157_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58121794","author":"H Jung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jung H, Cho K, Jun D, Jeong J, Moon Y, Chung D, Kang D, Cho S, Lee J (2022) Silodosin versus Tamsulosin for medical expulsive therapy of ureteral stones: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicina. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina58121794","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"5157_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203035","author":"W Cheungpasitporn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheungpasitporn W, Hsu Y-P, Hsu C-W, Bai C-H, Cheng S-W, Chen K-C, Chen C (2018) Silodosin versus Tamsulosin for medical expulsive treatment of ureteral stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0203035","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["International Urology and Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05157-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05157-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05157-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T07:52:48Z","timestamp":1789631568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05157-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["5157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05157-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study received approval from the Ethics Committee of Abant \u0130zzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee (Approval No: 2018\/300\u201357; Approval Date: 05 July 2018). The research adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki protocol, following the ethical standards outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments or comparable ethical guidelines. A statement to confirm that all methods are reported in accordance with the ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) Guidelines 2.0 (\n                      \n                      ).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}