{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T08:06:26Z","timestamp":1789632386274,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778371200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urol Nephrol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-026-05189-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T02:59:13Z","timestamp":1778381953000},"page":"4179-4186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical phenotypes and treatment patterns in men with chronic pelvic pain: a tertiary referral cohort"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Aidan J.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Weitzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Um","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette M. M.","family":"Zwaans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth M.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"5189_CR1","unstructured":"American Urological Association. Male chronic pelvic pain: AUA Guideline. American Urological Association website. Published 2022. Updated 2023. Accessed December 29, 2025. https:\/\/www.auanet.org\/guidelines-and-quality\/guidelines\/male-chronic-pelvic-pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"5189_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-1591.173105","volume":"32","author":"C Smith","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smith C (2016) Male chronic pelvic pain: an update. Indian J Urol 32(1):34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0970-1591.173105","journal-title":"Indian J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5189_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13101","volume":"116","author":"J Rees","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rees J, Abrahams M, Doble A, Cooper A, Prostatitis Expert Reference Group (PERG) (2015) Diagnosis and treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis and chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a consensus guideline. BJU Int 116(4):509\u2013525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.13101","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"29-30","key":"5189_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2023.0036","volume":"120","author":"J Franz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Franz J, Kieselbach K, Lahmann C, Gratzke C, Miernik A (2023) Chronic primary pelvic pain syndrome in men. Dtsch Arztebl Int 120(29\u201330):508\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.m2023.0036","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"5189_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.49776","volume":"15","author":"J Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang J, Shah N, Bailon R, Trammel S (2023) Chronic penile pain: a poorly researched and managed life-debilitating condition. Cureus 15(12):e49776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.49776","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"40","key":"5189_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4447","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i40.4447","volume":"17","author":"G Chiarioni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chiarioni G, Asteria C, Whitehead WE (2011) Chronic proctalgia and chronic pelvic pain syndromes: new etiologic insights and treatment options. World J Gastroenterol 17(40):4447\u20134455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v17.i40.4447","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"5189_CR7","unstructured":"Leslie SW, Sajjad H, Siref LE. Chronic testicular pain and orchalgia. [Updated 2023 May 30]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan."},{"issue":"1","key":"5189_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000002756","volume":"208","author":"JQ Clemens","year":"2022","unstructured":"Clemens JQ, Erickson DR, Varela NP, Lai HH (2022) Diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome. J Urol 208(1):34\u201342","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"5189_CR9","unstructured":"EAU Guidelines on Chronic Pelvic Pain-Introduction-Uroweb. Uroweb - European Association of Urology. https:\/\/uroweb.org\/guidelines\/chronic-pelvic-pain\/chapter\/introduction"},{"key":"5189_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2009.0175","author":"FME Wagenlehner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wagenlehner FME, Naber KG, Bschleipfer T, Br\u00e4hler E, Weidner W (2009) Prostatitis and male pelvic pain syndrome. Dtsch \u00c4rztebl Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2009.0175","journal-title":"Dtsch \u00c4rztebl Int."},{"issue":"6S3","key":"5189_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S161","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.5325","volume":"12","author":"RC Doiron","year":"2018","unstructured":"Doiron RC, Nickel JC (2018) Management of chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Can Urol Assoc J 12(6S3):S161\u2013S163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5489\/cuaj.5325","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"issue":"4","key":"5189_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-022-00430-9","volume":"11","author":"D Hao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hao D, Yurter A, Chu R et al (2022) Neuromodulation for management of chronic pelvic pain: a comprehensive review. Pain Ther 11(4):1137\u20131177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40122-022-00430-9","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"key":"5189_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-013-1066-7","volume":"31","author":"CC Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang CC (2013) Neuromodulation in male chronic pelvic pain syndrome: rationale and practice. World J Urol 31:767\u2013772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-013-1066-7","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5189_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew466","volume":"118","author":"PS Myles","year":"2017","unstructured":"Myles PS, Myles DB, Galagher W, Boyd D, Chew C, MacDonald N, Dennis A (2017) Measuring acute postoperative pain using the visual analog scale: the minimal clinically important difference and patient acceptable symptom state. Br J Anaesth 118(3):424\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aew466","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"9","key":"5189_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13092636","volume":"13","author":"D Levin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Levin D, Van Florcke D, Schmitt M, Kendall LK, Patel A, Doan LV, Kirpekar M (2024) Fluoroscopy-guided transgluteal pudendal nerve block for pudendal neuralgia: a retrospective case series. J Clin Med 13(9):2636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13092636","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"5189_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001777","volume":"206","author":"DP Simon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Simon DP, Bajic P, Lynch KM, Levine LA (2021) Spermatic cord block series as a minimally invasive therapy for chronic scrotal content pain. J Urol 206(3):725\u2013732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JU.0000000000001777","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5189_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-016-1281-9","volume":"17","author":"Y Qiu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qiu Y, Hu AM, Liu J, Du GZ (2016) Dorsal penile nerve block for rigid cystoscopy in men: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 17(1):147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-016-1281-9","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"8","key":"5189_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.70142","volume":"44","author":"I Dolendo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dolendo I, Chen A, Bresee C, Pacheco JAC, De Hoedt A, Kim J, Freedland S, Anger JT (2025) Sex differences in cystoscopic findings among veterans with interstitial cystitis. Neurourol Urodyn 44(8):1602\u20131606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.70142","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"5189_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.13975","volume":"26","author":"M Ueda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ueda M, Sengiku A, Kono J, Negoro H, Saito R, Yoshimura N, Ogawa O, Ueda T (2019) Low bladder capacity is an important predictor for comorbidity of interstitial cystitis with Hunner\u2019s lesion in patients with refractory chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Int J Urol 26(Suppl 1):53\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iju.13975","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5189_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098979","volume":"9","author":"SH Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim SH, Oh SJ (2014) Nonspecific genitourinary pain improves after prostatectomy using holmium laser enucleation of prostate in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a prospective study. PLoS ONE 9(6):e98979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0098979","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5189_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000004564","author":"HH Lai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lai HH, Pontari MA, Argoff CE et al (2025) Male chronic pelvic pain: aua guideline: Part I evaluation and management approach. J Urol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JU.0000000000004564","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5189_CR22","first-page":"63","volume":"9","author":"J Curtis Nickel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Curtis Nickel J, Baranowski AP, Pontari M, Berger RE, Tripp DA (2007) Management of men diagnosed with chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome who have failed traditional management. Rev Urol 9(2):63\u201372","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"5189_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.10558.1","volume":"6","author":"J Sandhu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sandhu J, Tu HYV (2017) Recent advances in managing chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. F1000Res 6:F1000 Faculty Rev-1747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.10558.1","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"5189_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.25167","volume":"42","author":"J Greig","year":"2023","unstructured":"Greig J, Mak Q, Furrer MA, Sahai A, Raison N (2023) Sacral neuromodulation in the management of chronic pelvic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurourol Urodyn 42(4):822\u2013836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.25167","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"6","key":"5189_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24735","volume":"40","author":"L Hoang Roberts","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hoang Roberts L, Vollstedt A, Volin J, McCartney T, Peters KM (2021) Initial experience using a novel nerve stimulator for the management of pudendal neuralgia. Neurourol Urodyn 40(6):1670\u20131677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.24735","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"2","key":"5189_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15335","volume":"128","author":"I Mykoniatis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mykoniatis I, Pyrgidis N, Sokolakis I, Sountoulides P, Hatzichristodoulou G, Apostolidis A, Hatzichristou D (2021) Low-intensity shockwave therapy for the management of chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJU Int 128(2):144\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.15335","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"5189_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244295","volume":"15","author":"P Birowo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Birowo P, Rangganata E, Rasyid N, Atmoko W (2020) Efficacy and safety of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for the treatment of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 15(12):e0244295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0244295","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"5189_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.07.036","volume":"188","author":"MK Samplaski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Samplaski MK, Li J, Shoskes DA (2012) Clustering of UPOINT domains and subdomains in men with chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and contribution to symptom severity. J Urol 188(5):1788\u20131793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2012.07.036","journal-title":"J Urol"}],"container-title":["International Urology and Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05189-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05189-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05189-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T07:52:38Z","timestamp":1789631558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05189-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["5189"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05189-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}