{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T08:15:32Z","timestamp":1788250532927,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Research Institutes,conducted by China Rehabilitation Science Institute","award":["CRSI2026YZX-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRSI2026YZX-1"]}]},{"name":"The Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Research Institutes, conducted by China Rehabilitation Science Institute","award":["CRSI2026BKLNB-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRSI2026BKLNB-12"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urol Nephrol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-026-05364-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T07:35:05Z","timestamp":1788248105000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Imaging and molecular mechanisms of pelvic floor electrical stimulation in improving pelvic floor muscle injury in stress urinary incontinence rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limin","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linquan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"5364_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.12.017","volume":"2025","author":"L Moris","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moris L, Heesakkers J, Nitti V, O\u2019Connell HE, Peyronnet B, Serati M, Omar MI, Harding C (2025) Prevalence, diagnosis, and management of stress urinary incontinence in women: a collaborative review. Eur Urol 2025:292\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.12.017","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"5364_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.56434\/j.arch.esp.urol.20257801.6","volume":"2025","author":"C Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang C, Wei W, Ma D, Huimin Y, Lingzhi Y (2025) Prevalence and determinants of stress urinary incontinence in middle-aged and older women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Esp Urol 2025:46\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56434\/j.arch.esp.urol.20257801.6","journal-title":"Arch Esp Urol"},{"key":"5364_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.15742","volume":"2023","author":"H Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang H, Ding G, Mei Li Y, Deng YC, Jin H (2023) Menopause and stress urinary incontinence: the risk factors of stress urinary incontinence in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023:2509\u20132518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jog.15742","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"5364_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16936","volume":"2022","author":"H Pang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pang H, Lv J, Xu T, Li Z, Gong J, Liu Q, Wang Y, Wang J, Xia Z, Li Z, Li L, Zhu L (2022) Incidence and risk factors of female urinary incontinence: a 4-year longitudinal study among 24985 adult women in China. BJOG 2022:580\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.16936","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"5364_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23807","volume":"2018","author":"AM de Vries","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Vries AM, Venema PL, Heesakkers JPFA (2018) Midurethral support is also necessary for reflex closure of the urethra. Neurourol Urodyn 2018:2965\u20132972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.23807","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"5364_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1914037","author":"JM Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu JM (2021) Stress incontinence in women. N Engl J Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMcp1914037","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5364_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.11.1257","volume":"2020","author":"Y Sheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sheng Y, Liu X, Low LK, Ashton-Miller JA, Miller JM (2020) Association of pubovisceral muscle tear with functional capacity of urethral closure: evaluating maternal recovery from labor and delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020:591\u2013598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.11.1257","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5364_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2013.11.021","volume":"2014","author":"R Del Vescovo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Del Vescovo R, Piccolo CL, Vecchia ND, Giurazza F, Cazzato RL, Grasso RF, Zobel BB (2014) MRI role in morphological and functional assessment of the levator ani muscle: use in patients affected by stress urinary incontinence (SUI) before and after pelvic floor rehabilitation. Eur J Radiol 2014:479\u2013486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2013.11.021","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"5364_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-018-3899-7","volume":"2018","author":"F Dierick","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dierick F, Galtsova E, Lauer C, Buisseret F, Bouch\u00e9 A-F, Martin L (2018) Clinical and MRI changes of puborectalis and iliococcygeus after a short period of intensive pelvic floor muscles training with or without instrumentation\u202f: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018:1661\u20131671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-018-3899-7","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5364_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2021.12.004","volume":"2022","author":"FIA Nio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nio FIA, Kari B, Pena CC, Bueno SM, Mateus-Vasconcelos ECL, Fernandes ACNL, Ferreira CHJ (2022) Intravaginal electrical stimulation increases voluntarily pelvic floor muscle contractions in women who are unable to voluntarily contract their pelvic floor muscles: a randomised trial. J Physiother 2022:37\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jphys.2021.12.004","journal-title":"J Physiother"},{"key":"5364_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8404","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63421-2","volume":"2025","author":"W Fang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fang W, Xuan D, Yang R, Liu M, Yang M, Jin Y, Gao G, Qiang F, Wang Y (2025) Injectable therapeutic system incorporating neurogenesis-programmed stem cells concomitantly promoting muscle regeneration treats stress urinary incontinence. Nat Commun 2025:8404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-63421-2","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5364_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S0104-4230(11)70010-0","volume":"57","author":"GR Franco","year":"2011","unstructured":"Franco GR, De Oliveira E, Baracat EC, De Jesus M, Es S, Sartoria MGF, Manuel JO, Batista Gir O, Castro RA (2011) Histomorphometric analysis of a rat bladder after electrical stimulation. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 57:20\u201324","journal-title":"Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)"},{"key":"5364_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2019.03.023","author":"Y Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Y, Liu C, Li B, Hong S, Min J, Hu M, Tang J, Wang T, Yang L, Hong L (2019) Electrical stimulation activates calpain 2 and subsequently upregulates collagens via the integrin \u03b21\/TGF-\u03b21 signaling pathway. Cell Signal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellsig.2019.03.023","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"5364_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12943","author":"VR Sheth","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sheth VR, Duran P, Wong J, Shah S, Du J, Christman KL, Chang EY, Alperin M (2019) Multimodal imaging assessment and histologic correlation of the female rat pelvic floor muscles\u2019 anatomy. J Anat. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.12943","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"5364_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-16162-7","author":"C Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li C, Long B, Deng H, Sun H, Liao L, Li X (2025) Implantable electrical stimulation device enhances pelvic floor tissue repair and reduces collagen over-degradation in rats with stress urinary incontinence. Sci Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-16162-7","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5364_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00431.2017","author":"H-H Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang H-H, Song Q-X, Gill BC, Balog BM, Juarez R, Cruz Y, Damaser MS (2018) Electrical stimulation of the pudendal nerve promotes neuroregeneration and functional recovery from stress urinary incontinence in a rat model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00431.2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"5364_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.01.096","volume":"2008","author":"A Hijaz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hijaz A, Daneshgari F, Sievert K-D, Damaser MS (2008) Animal models of female stress urinary incontinence. J Urol 2008:2103\u20132110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2008.01.096","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"5364_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2018.19.4.715","volume":"2018","author":"N Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li N, Cui C, Cheng Y, Yanhong W, Yin J, Shen W (2018) Association between Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of the Pelvic Floor and de novo Stress Urinary Incontinence after Vaginal Delivery. Korean J Radiol 2018:715\u2013723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3348\/kjr.2018.19.4.715","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"5364_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0090-4295(98)00136-8","author":"AS Lin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lin AS, Carrier S, Morgan DM, Lue TF (1998) Effect of simulated birth trauma on the urinary continence mechanism in the rat. Urology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0090-4295(98)00136-8","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"5364_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01071.2004","author":"MS Damaser","year":"2005","unstructured":"Damaser MS, Whitbeck C, Chichester P, Levin RM (2005) Effect of vaginal distension on blood flow and hypoxia of urogenital organs of the female rat. J Appl Physiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01071.2004","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5364_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0349371","volume":"2026","author":"X Huang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Huang X, Zhou M, Wang Y, Chen M, Xiao Y, Li L, Zhu F, Chen L, Tian X, Shiman W, Li B, Hong L (2026) Estrogen deficiency induces pelvic floor muscle atrophy via ER\u03b1\/GLUT4 pathway. PLoS ONE 2026:e349371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0349371","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5364_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25751","volume":"2017","author":"S Ponnusamy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ponnusamy S, Sullivan RD, Thiyagarajan T, Tillmann H, Getzenberg RH, Narayanan R (2017) Tissue selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) increase pelvic floor muscle mass in ovariectomized mice. J Cell Biochem 2017:640\u2013646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcb.25751","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"5364_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70048","author":"C Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu C, Zheng X, Li Q, Chen Y, Liu W, Song X, Han Q, Zhang Q, Fu C, Mei Q, Liu X, Xu J, Zhou J, Wu T (2025) Atrophy masseter recovery by electrical stimulation mediated M2-like macrophage polarisation via JAK\/PI3K\/AKT pathway. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.70048","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"5364_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-024-06278-5","author":"Y Abe-Takahashi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abe-Takahashi Y, Kitta T, Ouchi M, Chiba H, Higuchi M, Togo M, Kusakabe N, Kakizaki H, Shinohara N (2024) Morphological examination of pelvic floor muscles in a rat model of vaginal delivery. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-024-06278-5","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"5364_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.7910","volume":"2018","author":"S-J Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang S-J, Wang J, Jie X, Bai Y, Guo Z-J (2018) miR-93-mediated collagen expression in stress urinary incontinence via calpain-2. Mol Med Rep 2018:624\u2013629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/mmr.2017.7910","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"5364_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9378(98)70017-1","author":"T Rechberger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rechberger T, Postawski K, Jakowicki JA, Gunja-Smith Z, Woessner JF Jr (1998) Role of fascial collagen in stress urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9378(98)70017-1","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5364_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2014.1563","author":"L Han","year":"2014","unstructured":"Han L, Wang L, Wang Q, Li H, Zang H (2014) Association between pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence with collagen. Exp Ther Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2014.1563","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"5364_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-022-05106-8","volume":"2022","author":"C Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li C, Yang M, Zhiyu Q, Ruan S, Chen B, Ran J, Shu W, Chen Y, Hou W (2022) Effect of electroacupuncture on the degradation of collagen in pelvic floor supporting tissue of stress urinary incontinence rats. Int Urogynecol J 2022:2233\u20132240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-022-05106-8","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"5364_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2017.02.005","author":"J Min","year":"2017","unstructured":"Min J, Li B, Liu C, Hong S, Tang J, Hu M, Liu Y, Li S, Hong L (2017) Therapeutic effect and mechanism of electrical stimulation in female stress urinary incontinence. Urology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2017.02.005","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"5364_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101624","volume":"2022","author":"M Stania","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stania M, Niemiec B, Kamieniarz A, Chmielewska D (2022) Intravaginal electrical stimulation as a monotherapy for female stress urinary incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2022:101624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101624","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"key":"5364_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1679-45082014ao2866","author":"MCB F\u00fcrst","year":"2014","unstructured":"F\u00fcrst MCB, De Mendon RRA, Rodrigues AO, De Matos LL, Pompeo ANCL, Bezerra CA (2014) Long-term results of a clinical trial comparing isolated vaginal stimulation with combined treatment for women with stress incontinence. Einstein (Sao Paulo). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1679-45082014ao2866","journal-title":"Einstein (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"5364_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-005-0001-x","author":"J-J Wyndaele","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wyndaele J-J, Poortmans A (2006) Functional and histological effects of intravaginal electrical stimulation on the pelvic muscles: a study in the rat. Int Urogynecol J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-005-0001-x","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"5364_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24243","volume":"2020","author":"GRF Salerno","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salerno GRF, Bortolini MAT, Gomes RCT, Feitosa SM, Sim MJ, Es EZ, Castanho FL, Castro RA (2020) The molecular effects of electrical stimulation on the muscle components of the urethra of female rats after trauma by vaginal distention. Neurourol Urodyn 2020:576\u2013585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.24243","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"5364_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.274","author":"C Zhu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhu C, Gao J, Karlsson N, Li Q, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Li H, Kuhn HG, Blomgren K (2010) Isoflurane anesthesia induced persistent, progressive memory impairment, caused a loss of neural stem cells, and reduced neurogenesis in young, but not adult, rodents. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.274","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"5364_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182010821","author":"R Xuan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xuan R, Yang M, Gao Y, Ren S, Li J, Yang Z, Song Y, Huang X-H, Teo E-C, Zhu J, Gu Y (2021) A simulation analysis of maternal pelvic floor muscle. Int J Environ Res Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph182010821","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"5364_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-023-01488-5","author":"C You","year":"2023","unstructured":"You C, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Chen M, Shen W (2023) Pelvic floor parameters predict postpartum stress urinary incontinence: a prospective MRI study. Insights Imaging. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13244-023-01488-5","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"}],"container-title":["International Urology and Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05364-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05364-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05364-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T07:35:06Z","timestamp":1788248106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05364-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["5364"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05364-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}