{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T02:13:49Z","timestamp":1788401629470,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhejiang Medical and Health Science and Technology Program","award":["2025KY1729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025KY1729"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project","award":["2025ZX283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZX283"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urol Nephrol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-026-05376-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T01:29:26Z","timestamp":1788398966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy and safety of telitacicept for rituximab-refractory membranous nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Xiaomiao","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongjie","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"5376_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.05.015","volume":"100","author":"BH Rovin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rovin BH, Adler SG, Barratt J et al (2021) Executive summary of the KDIGO 2021 guideline for the management of glomerular diseases. Kidney Int 100(4):753\u2013779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2021.05.015","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"5376_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3739","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016010093","volume":"27","author":"X Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu X, Wang G, Chen N et al (2016) Long-term exposure to air pollution and increased risk of membranous nephropathy in China. J Am Soc Nephrol 27(12):3739\u20133746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2016010093","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5376_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2009080861","volume":"21","author":"N Polanco","year":"2010","unstructured":"Polanco N, Guti\u00e9rrez E, Covars\u00ed A et al (2010) Spontaneous remission of nephrotic syndrome in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 21(4):697\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2009080861","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5376_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199307083290203","volume":"329","author":"A Schieppati","year":"1993","unstructured":"Schieppati A, Mosconi L, Perna A et al (1993) Prognosis of untreated patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. N Engl J Med 329(2):85\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199307083290203","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"5376_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00873.x","volume":"66","author":"S Troyanov","year":"2004","unstructured":"Troyanov S, Wall CA, Miller JA et al (2004) Idiopathic membranous nephropathy: definition and relevance of a partial remission. Kidney Int 66(3):1199\u20131205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00873.x","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"5376_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11040513","author":"Y Gu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gu Y, Xu H, Tang D (2021) Mechanisms of primary membranous nephropathy. Biomolecules. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom11040513","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"5376_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13092157","author":"W Zhu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhu W, He H, Pai P (2025) The use of rituximab in glomerulonephritis: what is the evidence? Biomedicines. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines13092157","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"1","key":"5376_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016040449","volume":"28","author":"K Dahan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dahan K, Debiec H, Plaisier E, Cachanado M, Rousseau A, Wakselman L, Michel PA, Mihout F, Dussol B, Matignon M, Mousson C, Simon T, Ronco P, Group GS (2017) Rituximab for severe membranous nephropathy: a 6-month trial with extended follow-up. J Am Soc Nephrol 28(1):348\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2016040449","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5376_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1814427","volume":"381","author":"FC Fervenza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fervenza FC, Appel GB, Barbour SJ, Rovin BH, Lafayette RA, Aslam N, Jefferson JA, Gipson PE, Rizk DV, Sedor JR, Simon JF, McCarthy ET, Brenchley P, Sethi S, Avila-Casado C, Beanlands H, Lieske JC, Philibert D, Li T, Thomas LF, Green DF, Juncos LA, Beara-Lasic L, Blumenthal SS, Sussman AN, Erickson SB, Hladunewich M, Canetta PA, Hebert LA, Leung N, Radhakrishnan J, Reich HN, Parikh SV, Gipson DS, Lee DK, da Costa BR, Juni P, Cattran DC, Investigators M (2019) Rituximab or cyclosporine in the treatment of membranous nephropathy. N Engl J Med 381(1):36\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1814427","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"5376_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.10.014","volume":"99","author":"G Fernandez-Juarez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fernandez-Juarez G, Rojas-Rivera J, Logt AV, Justino J, Sevillano A, Caravaca-Fontan F, Avila A, Rabasco C, Cabello V, Varela A, Diez M, Martin-Reyes G, Diezhandino MG, Quintana LF, Agraz I, Gomez-Martino JR, Cao M, Rodriguez-Moreno A, Rivas B, Galeano C, Bonet J, Romera A, Shabaka A, Plaisier E, Espinosa M, Egido J, Segarra A, Lambeau L, Ronco P, Wetzels J, Praga M, Investigators S (2021) The STARMEN trial indicates that alternating treatment with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide is superior to sequential treatment with tacrolimus and rituximab in primary membranous nephropathy. Kidney Int 99(4):986\u2013998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2020.10.014","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"5376_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.859419","volume":"13","author":"M Teisseyre","year":"2022","unstructured":"Teisseyre M, Cremoni M, Boyer-Suavet S, Ruetsch C, Graca D, Esnault VLM, Brglez V, Seitz-Polski B (2022) Advances in the management of primary membranous nephropathy and rituximab-refractory membranous nephropathy. Front Immunol 13:859419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.859419","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5376_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01855-y","volume":"83","author":"L Deng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deng L, Xu G (2023) Update on the application of monoclonal antibody therapy in primary membranous nephropathy. Drugs 83(6):507\u2013530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40265-023-01855-y","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"5376_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.738788","volume":"12","author":"M Teisseyre","year":"2021","unstructured":"Teisseyre M, Cremoni M, Boyer-Suavet S, Crepin T, Benzaken S, Zorzi K, Esnault V, Brglez V, Seitz-Polski B (2021) Rituximab immunomonitoring predicts remission in membranous nephropathy. Front Immunol 12:738788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.738788","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"5376_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/aite-2025-0018","author":"B Moszczuk","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moszczuk B, Mucha K, Kucharczyk R, Zagozdzon R (2025) The role of glomerular and serum expression of lymphocyte activating factors BAFF and APRIL in patient with membranous and IgA nephropathies. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/aite-2025-0018","journal-title":"Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)"},{"issue":"4","key":"5376_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224854","volume":"83","author":"D Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu D, Li J, Xu D et al (2024) Telitacicept in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus: results of a phase 2b, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis 83(4):475\u2013487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard-2023-224854","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"5376_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001180","volume":"383","author":"R Furie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Furie R, Rovin BH, Houssiau F et al (2020) Two-year, randomized, controlled trial of belimumab in lupus nephritis. N Engl J Med 383(12):1117\u20131128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2001180","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5376_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1645826","volume":"16","author":"X Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu X, Li N, Wu P, Qin L, Fan Y, Liu J, Zhang A, Yang L, Tian T, Zeng J (2025) Research paper efficacy and safety of telitacicept combined with standard therapy for lupus nephritis: a single-center real-world study. Front Immunol 16:1645826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1645826","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"5376_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571616","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1571616","volume":"12","author":"S Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen S, Huang Y, Qu Z (2025) Telitacicept monotherapy for refractory idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a case report and literature review. Front Med (Lausanne) 12:1571616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1571616","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"11","key":"5376_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.9553","volume":"12","author":"L Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun L, Chen F, Zhang X (2024) Single-dose telitacicept therapy for refractory idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a case series. Clin Case Rep 12(11):e9553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccr3.9553","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"5376_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3580","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20592","volume":"50","author":"JH Anolik","year":"2004","unstructured":"Anolik JH, Barnard J, Cappione A et al (2004) Rituximab improves peripheral B cell abnormalities in human systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 50(11):3580\u20133590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.20592","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"5376_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000545995","author":"H Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li H, Jin L, Xie X, Sun J, Niu D, Feng J, Xu G, Zhang X, Khalaf AMS, Lu W (2025) Additive obinutuzumab achieves high remission rates in rituximab-refractory membranous nephropathy. Am J Nephrol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000545995","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"issue":"19","key":"5376_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2102953","volume":"385","author":"LA Inker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Inker LA, Eneanya ND, Coresh J et al (2021) New creatinine- and cystatin C-based equations to estimate GFR without race. N Engl J Med 385(19):1737\u20131749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2102953","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5376_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.03.015","volume":"421","author":"C D\u00e4hnrich","year":"2013","unstructured":"D\u00e4hnrich C, Komorowski L, Probst C et al (2013) Development of a standardized ELISA for the determination of autoantibodies against human M-type phospholipase A2 receptor in primary membranous nephropathy. Clin Chim Acta 421:213\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2013.03.015","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"5376_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2022.2048016","volume":"44","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Cai M, Jiang Z, Dong B, Yan Y, Wang Y, Zuo L (2022) Association of serum mannose-binding lectin, anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody and renal outcomes in idiopathic membranous nephropathy and atypical membranous nephropathy: a single center retrospective cohort study. Ren Fail 44(1):428\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0886022X.2022.2048016","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"issue":"10","key":"5376_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014070640","volume":"26","author":"P Ruggenenti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ruggenenti P, Debiec H, Ruggiero B et al (2015) Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody titer predicts post-rituximab outcome of membranous nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 26(10):2545\u20132558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2014070640","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"5376_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112769","volume":"140","author":"Y Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu Y, Jiang H, Hu Y, Dai H, Zhao Q, Zheng Y, Liu W, Rui H, Liu B (2024) B cell dysregulation and depletion therapy in primary membranous nephropathy: prospects and potential challenges. Int Immunopharmacol 140:112769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112769","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5376_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2005.04.005","volume":"17","author":"P Schneider","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schneider P (2005) The role of APRIL and BAFF in lymphocyte activation. Curr Opin Immunol 17(3):282\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coi.2005.04.005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"5376_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413560","author":"BYF So","year":"2021","unstructured":"So BYF, Yap DYH, Chan TM (2021) B cells in primary membranous nephropathy: escape from immune tolerance and implications for patient management. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms222413560","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5376_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810457","volume":"361","author":"LH Beck Jr","year":"2009","unstructured":"Beck LH Jr, Bonegio RG, Lambeau G et al (2009) M-type phospholipase A2 receptor as target antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. N Engl J Med 361(1):11\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa0810457","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"5376_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2010.01.011","volume":"47","author":"GJ Weiner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weiner GJ (2010) Rituximab: mechanism of action. Semin Hematol 47(2):115\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2010.01.011","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5376_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2025.2612448","volume":"48","author":"Y Qi","year":"2026","unstructured":"Qi Y, Cao X, Gao XQ et al (2026) Long-term real-world outcomes of rituximab in primary membranous nephropathy: a 154-patient cohort study from China. Ren Fail 48(1):2612448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0886022X.2025.2612448","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"5376_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1159\/000368589","volume":"128","author":"P Cravedi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cravedi P, Remuzzi G, Ruggenenti P (2014) Rituximab in primary membranous nephropathy: first-line therapy, why not? Nephron Clin Pract 128(3\u20134):261\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000368589","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"issue":"4S","key":"5376_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.05.021","volume":"100","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Glomerular Diseases Work G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Glomerular Diseases Work G (2021) KDIGO 2021 clinical practice guideline for the management of glomerular diseases. Kidney Int 100(4S):S1\u2013S276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2021.05.021","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"5376_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2025.06.057","volume":"10","author":"AV Logt","year":"2025","unstructured":"Logt AV, Wetzels JFM (2025) Reassessing rituximab in membranous nephropathy: efficacy, limitations, and the path ahead. Kidney Int Rep 10(9):2909\u20132911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2025.06.057","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"5376_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2572","volume":"9","author":"F Mackay","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mackay F, Schneider P (2009) Cracking the BAFF code. Nat Rev Immunol 9(7):491\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri2572","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"5376_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.11.1747","volume":"189","author":"P Schneider","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schneider P, MacKay F, Steiner V et al (1999) BAFF, a novel ligand of the tumor necrosis factor family, stimulates B cell growth. J Exp Med 189(11):1747\u20131756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.189.11.1747","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5376_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2011.01067.x","volume":"244","author":"RC Rickert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rickert RC, Jellusova J, Miletic AV (2011) Signaling by the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily in B-cell biology and disease. Immunol Rev 244(1):115\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2011.01067.x","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"5376_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22019","volume":"54","author":"P Roll","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roll P, Palanichamy A, Kneitz C et al (2006) Regeneration of B cell subsets after transient B cell depletion using anti-CD20 antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 54(8):2377\u20132386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.22019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"5376_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031330","volume":"199","author":"BP O'Connor","year":"2004","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor BP, Raman VS, Erickson LD et al (2004) BCMA is essential for the survival of long-lived bone marrow plasma cells. J Exp Med 199(1):91\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20031330","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5376_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.1.361","volume":"180","author":"DJ DiLillo","year":"2008","unstructured":"DiLillo DJ, Hamaguchi Y, Ueda Y, Yang K, Uchida J, Haas KM, Kelsoe G, Tedder TF (2008) Maintenance of long-lived plasma cells and serological memory despite mature and memory B cell depletion during CD20 immunotherapy in mice. J Immunol 180(1):361\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.180.1.361","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5376_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21617","volume":"54","author":"MJ Leandro","year":"2006","unstructured":"Leandro MJ, Cambridge G, Ehrenstein MR et al (2006) Reconstitution of peripheral blood B cells after depletion with rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 54(2):613\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.21617","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"3","key":"5376_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3292","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23232","volume":"9","author":"SS Han","year":"2018","unstructured":"Han SS, Yang SH, Jo HA, Oh YJ, Park M, Kim JY, Lee H, Lee JP, Lee SH, Joo KW, Lim CS, Kim YS, Kim DK (2018) BAFF and APRIL expression as an autoimmune signature of membranous nephropathy. Oncotarget 9(3):3292\u20133302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.23232","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"5376_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1169084","volume":"14","author":"J Cai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cai J, Gao D, Liu D, Liu Z (2023) Telitacicept for autoimmune nephropathy. Front Immunol 14:1169084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1169084","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"5376_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8483650","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8483650","volume":"2019","author":"GS Netti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Netti GS, Infante B, Spadaccino F, Godeas G, Corallo MG, Prisciandaro C, Croce L, Rotondi M, Gesualdo L, Stallone G, Grandaliano G, Ranieri E (2019) Serum levels of BAFF and APRIL predict clinical response in anti-PLA2R-positive primary membranous nephropathy. J Immunol Res 2019:8483650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/8483650","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"5376_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2024.2391069","volume":"46","author":"Z Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Z, Chen P, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zheng S, Li W, Tang L, Liu Y, Zhao N (2024) Serum BAFF levels are associated with the prognosis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Ren Fail 46(2):2391069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0886022X.2024.2391069","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"5376_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfag001","author":"Q Weng","year":"2026","unstructured":"Weng Q, Zhu X, Ren H, Li X, Xie J (2026) Telitacicept targets Gd-IgA1 and autoantibody-producing B cells in IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfag001","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"5376_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-025-01640-z","volume":"25","author":"T Feng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Feng T, Zhang M, Wang J, Li Y, Cui Y (2025) Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of belimumab and telitacicept in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results from a retrospective, observational study. Clin Exp Med 25(1):105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10238-025-01640-z","journal-title":"Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"5376_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfz086","volume":"35","author":"C Barrett","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barrett C, Willcocks LC, Jones RB, Tarzi RM, Henderson RB, Cai G, Gisbert SI, Belson AS, Savage CO (2020) Effect of belimumab on proteinuria and anti-phospholipase A2 receptor autoantibody in primary membranous nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 35(4):599\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfz086","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"11","key":"5376_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3196","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm366","volume":"22","author":"J Ballarin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ballarin J, Poveda R, Ara J, Perez L, Calero F, Grinyo JM, Romero R (2007) Treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy with the combination of steroids, tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil: results of a pilot study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 22(11):3196\u20133201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfm366","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"5376_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-013-0925-2","volume":"18","author":"T Saito","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saito T, Iwano M, Matsumoto K, Mitarai T, Yokoyama H, Yorioka N, Nishi S, Yoshimura A, Sato H, Ogahara S, Shuto H, Kataoka Y, Ueda S, Koyama A, Maruyama S, Nangaku M, Imai E, Matsuo S, Tomino Y, Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome Study G (2014) Significance of combined cyclosporine-prednisolone therapy and cyclosporine blood concentration monitoring for idiopathic membranous nephropathy with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: a randomized controlled multicenter trial. Clin Exp Nephrol 18(5):784\u2013794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10157-013-0925-2","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5376_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31824ce676","volume":"345","author":"W Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen W, Liu Q, Liao Y, Yang Z, Chen J, Fu J, Zhang J, Kong Y, Fu P, Lou T, Liu Z, Ji Y, Li Z, Yu X (2013) Outcomes of tacrolimus therapy in adults with refractory membranous nephrotic syndrome: a prospective, multicenter clinical trial. Am J Med Sci 345(2):81\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31824ce676","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"5376_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01330209","volume":"4","author":"MA Hladunewich","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hladunewich MA, Troyanov S, Calafati J et al (2009) The natural history of the non-nephrotic membranous nephropathy patient. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4(9):1417\u20131422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.01330209","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5376_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00303-z","volume":"7","author":"P Ronco","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ronco P, Beck L, Debiec H, Fervenza FC, Hou FF, Jha V, Sethi S, Tong A, Vivarelli M, Wetzels J (2021) Membranous nephropathy. Nat Rev Dis Primers 7(1):69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-021-00303-z","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"1","key":"5376_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2022.2068442","volume":"44","author":"Y Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun Y, Lan P, Feng J, Wang Z, Liu C, Xie L, Yu X (2022) Analysis of glomerular PLA2R efficacy in evaluating the prognosis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy in the background of different serum anti-PLA2R levels. Ren Fail 44(1):731\u2013740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0886022X.2022.2068442","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"issue":"5","key":"5376_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.4103\/ijn.ijn_62_22","volume":"33","author":"P Gaggar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gaggar P, Madipally R, Raju SB (2023) Rituximab, use and B cell depletion in patients with membranous nephropathy\u2014a retrospective, observational study. Indian J Nephrol 33(5):356\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijn.ijn_62_22","journal-title":"Indian J Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5376_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-025-04680-5","volume":"27","author":"L Luo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Luo L, Deng Y, Chen S, Yang Y, Liu L, Zhang R, Li Z, Yang L, Zha Y, Yuan J (2025) Efficacy and safety of telitacicept in the treatment of immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a real-world, single-center, retrospective study. BMC Nephrol 27(1):59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-025-04680-5","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"5376_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-025-03724-3","author":"Y Wei","year":"2026","unstructured":"Wei Y, Shao Y, Wang X, Qiao L, Wu D, Yang Y, Wang Q, Li M, Wang L, Zhang F (2026) A BAFF\/APRIL dual inhibitor for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: a long-term, observational, real-world study. Arthritis Res Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-025-03724-3","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"5376_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11207","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S565279","volume":"19","author":"L Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou L, Yang F, Han Y, Yang Y, Wu SY, Zhang Y, Zhou J (2025) Efficacy and safety of telitacicept in IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis-associated nephritis in children: a retrospective single-centre study. Drug Des Dev Ther 19:11207\u201311216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DDDT.S565279","journal-title":"Drug Des Dev Ther"}],"container-title":["International Urology and Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05376-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05376-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05376-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T01:29:27Z","timestamp":1788398967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05376-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["5376"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11255-026-05376-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"None of the authors had any conflicts of interest to declare.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This research protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Shaoxing Second Hospital (Approval Number: SXEY-2025-040-001), and written informed consent was obtained from all participants and their legal guardians prior to participation.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}