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To protect poultry farms and to prevent the possible spread of new influenza pandemics, vaccines that are both efficacious and low-cost are in high demand. We produced stable, large hemagglutinin H5 oligomers <jats:italic>in planta<\/jats:italic> by the specific interaction between S\u2022Tag and S\u2022Protein<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> H5 oligomers combined via S\u2022Tag::S\u2022Protein interaction in plant crude extracts induced strong humoral immune responses, strong neutralizing antibody responses, and resistance in chickens after challenge with a wild type HPAIV H5 virus strain. In all three parameters, plant crude extracts with H5 oligomers induced better responses than crude extracts containing trimers. The neutralizing antibodies induced by by two-dose and one dose immunization with an adjuvanted crude extract containing H5 oligomer protected vaccinated chickens from two lethal H5N1 virus strains with the efficiency of 92% and 100%, respectively. Following housing vaccinated chickens together with ten non-immunized chickens, only one of these chickens had detectable levels of the H5N1 virus. To facilitate the easy storage of a candidate vaccine, the H5 oligomer crude extracts were mixed with adjuvants and stored for 3.5 and 5.5\u00a0months at 4\u00a0\u00b0C, and chickens were immunized with these crude extracts. All these vaccinated chickens survived after a lethal H5N1 virus challenge. H5 oligomer crude extracts are comparable to commercial vaccines as they also induce strong virus-neutralizing immune responses following the administration of a single dose. The cost-effective production of plant crude extract vaccine candidates and the high stability after long-term storage will enable and encourage the further exploration of this technology for veterinary vaccine development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-022-09942-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T14:03:32Z","timestamp":1653746612000},"page":"191-205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Plant crude extracts containing oligomeric hemagglutinins protect chickens against highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus after one dose of immunization"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Hoang Trong","family":"Phan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanh Xuan","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thuong Thi","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Van Thi","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vy Thai","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tra Thi","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ngoc Bich","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ha Hoang","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Udo","family":"Conrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"9942_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/s0264-410x(02)00702-8","volume":"21","author":"FE Andre","year":"2003","unstructured":"Andre FE (2003) Vaccinology: past achievements, present roadblocks and future promises. 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The animal protocols were conducted in accordance with the \u201c3Rs\u201d and the European Communities Council Directives of 24 November 1986 (86\/609\/EEC) guidelines for the care and use of animals. Animals in research did not have unnecessary pain, distress, suffering, or lasting harm.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All authors participated voluntarily in the research.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors read and approved the final manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that the presented research was conducted in the absence of commercial or financial relationships that could be interpreted as a potential conflict of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}