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Control of LSD depends on the use of homologous attenuated LSD virus strains isolated originally from South Africa (the Neethling strain). The virus belongs to the genus <jats:italic>Capripoxvirus<\/jats:italic>, which includes sheep pox virus and goat pox virus. The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new live attenuated LSD vaccine produced by Middle East for Vaccines (MEVAC<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>) based on the Neethling strain. Tests were performed both in Egypt and Vietnam. Safety was evaluated by inoculation of five cattle with 10 times the recommended dose and observation of the animals for 14 days. Immunogenicity was tested at different periods post-vaccination (PV) in animals receiving the recommended doses of the vaccine using ELISA and virus neutralization test. Five cows were used to determine the protection index (PI) and non-vaccinated control cattle were included. Three calves were challenged by intradermal inoculation of the wild virus (5\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> TCID<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) 28 days PV. Field or mass vaccination experiments were conducted in Vietnam during national campaigns in the summer of 2021 with 4301 vaccinated animals closely monitored after vaccination. In the field, around 2% (80\/4301) of the animals showed hyper-reactivity, and 0.6% (24\/4301) showed small skin swellings that disappeared within few hours PV. Abortion was recorded in three animals (0.3% 3\/867). Challenged animals were resistant to clinical disease and PI value was 3.5 log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>. Meanwhile, antibody levels determined by the ELISA were inconsistent among animals and laboratories during the study period. Overall, the findings point to a new safe and effective LSD vaccine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-022-10037-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T03:03:12Z","timestamp":1670036592000},"page":"767-777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Emergency vaccination of cattle against lumpy skin disease: Evaluation of safety, efficacy, and potency of MEVAC\u00ae LSD vaccine containing Neethling strain"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Abdel-Hamid","family":"Bazid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Momtaz","family":"Wasfy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Fawzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Nayel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdelmegeid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randa Y.","family":"Thabet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui Sian","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdy M.","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asmaa","family":"Magouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yassien","family":"Badr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10037_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2018.1150-1158","volume":"11","author":"FM Abdallah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abdallah FM, El Damaty HM, Kotb GF (2018) Sporadic cases of lumpy skin disease among cattle in Sharkia province, Egypt: Genetic characterization of lumpy skin disease virus isolates and pathological findings. 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El-Sayed is a member of MEVAC\u2019s board of directors. Momtaz Wasfy and Randa Y. Thabet are employees in Middle East for Vaccines (ME VAC<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>). Hui Sian Yong is an employer at Kemin Biologisc<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>; MEVAC\u00ae now is a part of Kemin<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>. However, this association has no effect on the study\u2019s design, data analysis, results\u2019 interpretation, or publication decision.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt (Ethical approval number: VUSC-004-1-22).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics statement"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Supplementary files 1 and 2 are showing the ScienSano report, containing information on identity and molecular characterization of the virus used to produce the vaccine.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Supplementary information"}}]}}